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The Toba Batak tribe has a distinctive fabric known as ulos. Toba Batak ulos have types depending on their uses. But in the modern era, especially among urban communities, very few people know the types and uses. Motivated by the success of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm in image classification, this study will conduct a learning-based approach to classify 5 types of Toba Batak ulos (Ragi Hidup, Ragi Hotang, Mangiring, Sadum, and Sibolang). The process starts from data collection, data analysis, model building, model training, and confusion matrix. The dataset used is 1000 images with 80% training data, 10% valid data, and 10% test data. Convolution, maxpooling, dropout, flatten, and fully connected are the 5 layers forming the CNN model. The optimizer used is Adam with a learning rate of 0.001. The model generated in this study can detect Toba Batak ulos images at an accuracy rate of 94.00%.    

The term history comes from Arabic, namely from the word syajaratun (pronounced syajarah), which means a tree of wood. The meaning of a wooden tree here is the existence of an event, development or growth of something (event) in a continuity (continuity). In another sense, history is not always defined by past (history is past actuality). Only in a general sense is the reality of the past. As for the social (social) itself can be interpreted with regard to interpersonal behavior, or related to social processes. But seen in social science, the word social refers to its object, namely society. When combined between history and social, it can be interpreted as the past reality of a society regarding behavior and all the processes that occurred in society. Social history is history that focuses attention on neglected, alienated, or marginalized people who are actors of social history. The roles of the community in an event in the past are the focus of the discussion of social history. This study aims to examine the social development of Indonesian society throughout history. Use a qualitative approach and include information from secondary data sources, previous research or existing knowledge of organizations and institutions. The data collection method used by the author in this article, the author uses the library method (path search). The library method is a method used to collect information from books and magazines. Where this social history is populist. Thus it is very different from conventional political history which is elitist in nature. It can be said that without social history, the existence of economic history will feel bland and shallow because social history provides the necessary link in economic history where the scope can cover the daily life of the inhabitants of an area in the past, which includes humans with different economic relationships. -different.

The main objective of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of the Differentiated Learning Model on Speaking Literacy in Indonesian Class X, SMAN 1 Pangkep. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of experimental research. The population used in this study was class X SMAN 1 Pangkep by taking two sample classes, namely the experimental class was class X Amanah which had a total of 35 students and the control class was class X Creative which had a total of 36 students. The data collection technique used was; written test and speaking test, observation, and interview. Data analysis consists of Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics.The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between the differentiated learning model and speaking literacy in Indonesian language class X at SMAN 1 Pangkep. As seen from the Mann Whitney test, information is obtained that the average control is 81.3056 with a standard deviation of 7.285 while for experiments, the average value is obtained -an average of 79.0571 with a standard deviation of 6.978. The mean difference of 2.2485 is positive, thus information is obtained that the control value is greater than the experimental value. Although the control is larger than the experiment, the sig. shows a number of 0.302, the value is > 0.05 where H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, which means that there is no difference in the average control with the experiment. Based on information that the average control is 80,194 with a standard deviation of 6,440 while for the experiment, the average value is 90,028 with a standard deviation of 5,586. The mean difference of -9,834 is negative, thus information is obtained that the control value is smaller than the experimental value. Besides that, the value of sig. shows a number of 0.000, the value is <0.05 where H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is an average difference between the control and the experiment. This proves that the differentiated learning model in learning Indonesian has an influence compared to before using the differentiated learning model.    

Hospital service quality can be seen from the professional appearance of hospital personnel, efficiency and effectiveness of services and patient satisfaction. Communication was very important for nurses in interacting with clines. Clines satisfaction is a level of patient feeling that arises as a result of health services performance obtained after patient compares it with expectation. clines satisfaction was determined by the overall service provided in patient or family complaints. The study was to determine the relationship between nurse communication and postoperative clines satisfaction at Medan Hospital.The research design used analytical survey method with a Cross-Sectional approach. The population in this study were postoperative patients totaling 477 respondents. The sampling used is purposive sampling, namely taking for a purpose by determining certain characteristics that are considered representative of the population, sampling is the slovin technique, totaling 83 respondents.The results of the analysis using the Chi-Square test showed that the significant probability value (Asymp.Sign) of nurse communication was 0.002 < sig value .05, this proves that there was a relationship between nurse communication and clines satisfaction at Medan Hospital.The conclusion was that statistically a relationship between nurse communication with postoperative clines at Medan Hospital. It is recommended for nurses to maintain communication therapeutic nurse to obtain quality health services for postoperative patients.                                                 

This study aims to determine the effect of hotel image and trust on guest loyalty at Grand Basko Hotel Padang. This research method uses quantitative descriptive research with a causal associative approach, data collected through surveys of guests who have stayed at Grand Basko Hotel Padang using 98 respondents from a population of 7,560 guests staying at Grand Basko Hotel Padang because the sample determination based on the type of non-probability sampling used is purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of data analysis using Smart PLS with the results of Cronbach's each variable 4.245, 9.506 and 4.446 shows that hotel image has a positive and significant effect on guest loyalty, as well as hotel image has a positive and significant effect on trust and trust also has a positive and significant effect on guest loyalty, on the mediating variable hotel image has a direct effect on customer loyalty and indirectly affects customer loyalty through trust as the mediating variable.

Today's technological developments require the world of education to immigrate by adjusting developments. Technology is an important part of the learning process, including for Islamic Religious Education teachers. This type of research is qualitative, with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique is by carrying out data reduction, presenting data and ending with data verification. The results obtained that training activities on the use of information communication technology for PAI teachers have been carried out at SD Negeri Sugiraya. This information and communication technology has become an important need in the PAI learning process. Teachers are given the opportunity to learn to develop information and communication technology skills that are beneficial in their learning process and in their daily lives as well as learning programs in educational institutions need to implement information system-based learning. Integrating information and communication technology into learning, among others, to improve teacher competence in teaching and improve the quality of learner learning. Innovative information and communication technology can improve what is being done now, as well as what we have not yet started using information and communication technology.

The concept of the smart city has emerged as a strategic response to rapid urbanization, increasing population density, and escalating environmental degradation. It is designed to create more efficient urban management through the integration of information and communication technologies, with the primary goal of enhancing public services, optimizing resource use, and improving citizens’ quality of life. One of its most significant promises is its potential to mitigate ecological challenges, particularly in monitoring and reducing air pollution levels. This study aims to analyze the impact of smart city implementation on urban ecology and quality of life, focusing on air quality as a key indicator. A quantitative comparative approach was applied, using both primary data from air quality measurements PM2.5, CO₂, NO₂, and AQI and secondary data from government reports, environmental agencies, and academic publications. The research was conducted in five major Asian cities recognized for adopting smart city initiatives. The results reveal varied outcomes: Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur demonstrated substantial improvements in air quality and livability, while Beijing and New Delhi continued to struggle with severe pollution. Jakarta showed partial progress, though improvements remain limited. These findings indicate that while technology is critical, it alone does not ensure ecological sustainability. Effective governance, public participation, and context-based strategies are equally crucial. This study highlights the need for smart city policies to prioritize ecological resilience and human well-being as central elements of sustainable urban development.

This study examines the effectiveness of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in enhancing problem-solving skills among high school students. With the increasing demand for critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in the workforce, STEM education has become a crucial approach to preparing students for future challenges. The study aims to evaluate how project-based STEM curricula impact students' creativity, analytical skills, and overall problem-solving capabilities. Using a quasi-experimental design with a control group, the research was conducted with high school students who participated in STEM-based lessons involving the 5E instructional model. Data collection involved pre- and post-tests, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews to measure changes in student skills. The findings indicate that students exposed to STEM education demonstrated significant improvements in problem-solving, creativity, and analytical thinking compared to their peers in traditional lecture-based classes. The study highlights the advantages of project-based learning in promoting active student engagement and fostering skills necessary for addressing real-world problems. These results suggest that STEM education can be more effective than traditional methods in cultivating essential 21st-century skills. The study recommends the broader implementation of STEM strategies in secondary education and further exploration of the long-term impact of STEM learning on various skills required in the professional world.

The position of business actors and consumers often becomes unequal. Consumers are often the object of business activity to get the maximum profit by business actors and in the end the consumer becomes the aggrieved party. Cases of business actors harming consumers are found in BPSK Garut Regency Decision Number 18/Pdt.S-Brg/BPSK-GRT/IX/2020 regarding the sale of expired vegetable cheese wafers at the Asia Garut Department Store. In this case, there were legal issues regarding BPSK's authority and the judge's considerations in deciding compensation. The research objective is to determine whether BPSK has the authority to decide this case; and analyzing the judges' considerations in the BPSK Decision of Garut Regency Number 18/Pdt.S-Brg/BPSK-GRT/IX/2020 in deciding compensation. This study uses research methods with a normative juridical approach based on applicable legal concepts and theories. Based on the research results, it can be concluded 2 (two) things. First, the settlement process in this case has not provided legal certainty because the choice of dispute resolution method is directly determined by the Garut Regency BPSK Assembly and not based on the agreement of the parties to the dispute and this case should have been tried at the District Court after mediation failed. Second, the Garut Regency BSPK Assembly has not been right in deciding on compensation because the Assembly has confused the duties and responsibilities of producers and supermarkets and does not understand the intent of Article 52 letter (k) of the Consumer Protection Act.

This paper was compiled and created to study and analyze the implementation process and religious values ​​contained in the jeguran tradition at the first syuro night commemoration in Kajen village, Kab. Pati. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Data collection techniques in this study through observation and interviews. The research subject is the jeguran tradition at the first syuro night commemoration in Kajen village, District Pati. The object of research is the people in the village of Kajen, District Pati. The results in this study found that this tradition had prior preparation in its implementation. Preparation begins with a committee meeting, reading prayers, and draining the pond which is used as a ritual place to be filled with clean water. Then the implementation is carried out after isya or around 19.00 WIB until midnight alternating between children and adults. There are religious values ​​contained in this tradition, including monotheistic values, worship values, integrity values, struggle values, trust values, brotherhood values, and Islamic boarding school values ​​(simplicity, humbleness, and patience).    

Destination writing article this is for give description and explanation about impact of Christian Religious Education for student School Wow First in the District Rindi - East Sumba . this _ remember the existence of ancestral religions and local beliefs that still exist exist however children background behind Genre trust Marapu adhere one of the 6 legal religions in Indonesia which is recognized by the Ministry of Religion . Besides that writing this also explains about impact what just generated  from exists behavior discriminatory to ancestral religions and beliefs local . Method research used is approach qualitative with use studies bibliography for collect data as ingredient writing article this . On the article this writer give the analysis about impact of Christian Religious Education for student School Intermediate first where the impact of Christian Religious Education gives influence to family and society generally .    

The independent curriculum is an educational approach that aims to provide independence to students in their learning so that they can optimally develop their potential. In the era of globalization and the rapid development of information technology, 21st-century learning is an urgent need. This research aims to describe the role of the independent learning curriculum in facilitating 21st-century learning in senior high schools. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative with a case study design. The research was conducted at SMAN 2, Merekau, South Papua. Data collection techniques used in this research include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that: 1) the independent learning curriculum for facilitating 21st century learning is good. It is proven that the learning tools of SMAN 2 Merauke have successfully integrated 21st century skills (collaboration, communication, critical thinking, creativity, character, and citizenship) into the learning tools. 2) The role of the principal and teachers: The principal as the person in charge and teachers as the implementers of learning play an important role in the successful implementation of an independent curriculum with 21st century skills.

This research examines the economic thought of Ibn Taymiyyah, a prominent scholar from the 13th to early 14th century, focusing on his concepts of market mechanisms, just price, and the role of government in the economy. Using a qualitative method with a historical approach, this study analyzes Ibn Taymiyyah's works and related secondary literature. The results show that Ibn Taymiyyah had a deep understanding of market functions and price determination through the interaction of supply and demand. He viewed the market as a natural system to meet human needs but also recognized the necessity of government intervention in certain situations to ensure justice and social welfare. Ibn Taymiyyah also emphasized the importance of business ethics and fair competition while opposing monopolistic practices and hoarding of goods. Ibn Taymiyyah's economic thoughts are relevant not only in the historical context but also in providing moral and ethical guidance for contemporary economic practices.

This article discusses the meaning of figure of speech as outlined in a choice of words that is quite interesting and makes the reader curious about the meaning, also seen from the expressive approach that we can see from the author's point of view in making the poem. The purpose of making this article is to develop writing skills and increase students' and the public's interest in reading, as well as to describe the relationship or purpose of the author in conveying the poem "I Want Your Painting" to find the meaning contained in the poem with an expressive approach.  

Sharia Pawn (Ar-Rahn) is an agreement between a lender and a party who lends money. A lien is a right to tangible goods that is given to a debtor who wants to get ahead of the debtor, and the item is taken after the person has the money to redeem the lien. Rahn is a pawn service product based on sharia principles, where customers are only charged with administrative fees, additional mortgage and maintenance costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the evolution of income, inflation rates and gold prices in Rahn's credit distribution at PT. Pawn shops in Indonesia. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach used as a data analysis method. The data source comes from secondary data Literature research and documentation are used as data collection techniques. The subject to be studied is PT. Pegadaiic Indonesia 2013- 2022. The results show that gold income and prices are directly proportional to rahn credit distributed to the community. Meanwhile, inflation is not directly proportional to the rahn credit distributed to the public.

Background : decompression sickness is a disorder or disease that causes the cessation and increase of gas bubbles from the dissolved phase in the blood or tissues due to a decrease in pressure.this disease is still rare for the general public,but this is a special concern for divers. Objective : to determine the relationship of knowledge with decompression events in traditional fishermen in Mamokeng hamlet. Method : the research design used is a descriptive research design with a cross sectional approach with a sample income of 30 fishermen who live in Mamokeng Hamlet Tulehu Village Salahutu District Central Maluku Regency.sampling technique with total sampling technique.research instrument is a questionnaire.data processing using SPSS 16 data. Results : shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and decompression events in traditional fishermen using the person chi-square test with a value of p=0,001 (p=0,05) means that there is a significant relationship between decompression sickness and the knowledge of fishermen in the Mamokeng sub village.there is a relationship between knowledge and decompression events in Mamokeng Hamlet Tulehu Village Salahutu District Central Maluku Regency.

This study aims to find out perspectives on the role and authority of the Financial Services Authority in bankruptcy cases at insurance companies in Indonesia. OJK is an independent body that is free from government interference in its duties, functions and authority to supervise, inspect and conduct investigations in the financial services sector so as to create a good national economy. Within the scope of supervision in the insurance sector, the Financial Services Authority has the authority relating to submitting bankruptcy declaration requests to insurance companies in order to protect the interests of insurance policy holders. Arrangements regarding the authority of the Financial Services Authority in submitting requests for bankruptcy statements against insurance companies are regulated in Law no. 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach using secondary data obtained through library research. The role of the Financial Services Authority in the bankruptcy of an insurance company is to oversee the course of the insurance company's bankruptcy until liquidation and to ensure that the insurance company has paid all its obligations to creditors.

Agriculture plays an important role in food sustainability and security in Indonesia, including in the City of Tuban. The city has wide potential for the development of the agricultural sector, including crops, plantations, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. However, the limited information regarding the current situation of these sectors raises the need for in-depth analysis. This study aims to analyze the portrait of agriculture in the city of Malang with a focus on crops, plantations, animal husbandry, forestry, and fisheries. This analysis will provide insight into the current status, development potential, challenges and opportunities within these sectors. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting field surveys, interviews with farmers, ranchers, fishermen, and other relevant stakeholders. The collected qualitative data were analyzed thematically to describe an overall picture of each agricultural sector. The results of the analysis show that the secondary crops sector has experienced positive growth, but still faces challenges in terms of access to markets and technology. Plantations have great potential in the development of superior commodities, but need to improve infrastructure and environmental sustainability. Livestock is experiencing rapid development, but faces problems in waste management and animal health. Forestry is faced with land expansion and forest restoration, while fisheries require steps to maintain the sustainability of fish resources. These findings provide important input for the local government and related stakeholders to develop a strategy for sustainable agricultural development in the City of Tuban. Efforts are needed to improve market access, strengthen infrastructure, improve waste management, improve animal health, and maintain the sustainability of fish resources. This analysis can also be the basis for further research and more effective policy planning in the agricultural sector in Tuban City.  

This research suggests a connection between sharia banking and sharia governance, particularly in Indonesia. The qualitative data for the study were gathered using the library approach. In this study, secondary data from books and articles on the subject that were gathered from reputable research publications were utilised. The necessity for sharia banking services as well as the expanding diversity of products are what are driving the growth of the sharia banking business. The findings of the literature research indicate that it is crucial for the Islamic banking sector to understand how popular it is becoming. All organisations under oppression need Islamic governance because it promotes and upholds Islamic banking and finance. The findings of this study suggest that Bank Indonesia laws control the application of Islamic sharia in Indonesia. Indonesian sharia banking must comply to sharia principles and is governed by a number of laws and regulations pertaining to the conduct of transactions. However, Indonesian Islamic banks have not yet been able to incorporate Islamic governance into their day-to-day activities.

The purpose of this study is to discuss how a servant leader is an honest, responsible leader and can delegate tasks to his subordinates. Higher education rectors in implementing servant leadership can also increase the satisfaction and performance of the lecturers they lead. Work discipline can encourage the creation of satisfaction and performance of lecturers in tertiary institutions. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the impact of work discipline, compensation, servant leadership and job satisfaction on the performance of lecturers at the Indonesian Muslim University. This study used a quantitative approach with a total of 52 respondents as research subjects. Methods of data processing using path analysis (path analysis) and descriptive statistical methods. From the results of the study it was concluded that servant leadership does not have an effect on job satisfaction, compensation has a positive effect on employee performance, the greater the compensation, the greater the employee morale, work discipline has a positive effect on job satisfaction, servant leadership has a positive effect on lecturer performance, discipline work has a positive effect on lecturer performance, and job satisfaction has no effect on lecturer performance..