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The background of this thesis is based on the role of pretrial which functions as a social control mechanism, its implementation in Indonesia still often experiences violations. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth analysis to identify the causes of these violations and find solutions to increase the effectiveness of pre-trials in protecting the rights of individuals who are disadvantaged in the application of criminal law in Indonesia. The problem formulation for this thesis is How pre-trial arrangements are made in positive law in Indonesia ? and What is the function and role of pretrial in criminal law enforcement in Indonesia? The research method for this thesis is Normative Juridical where the author examines phenomena related to Pre-Trial from the aspects of Legislation and Legal Principles. The results of this thesis research are that pretrial arrangements in the criminal justice system in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code. Pretrial, in accordance with Article 1 point (10) in conjunction with Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code, is the authority of the district court to examine and decide on several matters, including whether or not an arrest and detention is legal, the termination of an investigation or prosecution, as well as requests for compensation or rehabilitation. Pretrial has an important role in maintaining the balance of law enforcement powers and individual rights in enforcing criminal law. Its main function is to control law enforcement actions and procedures, ensuring justice and compliance with applicable laws. Pretrial is also closely related to the principle of Habeas Corpus which guarantees that a person must not be detained without a valid reason and must be immediately brought to justice. Through pretrial proceedings, individuals can protect themselves from arbitrary actions by law enforcement and seek redress if their rights are violated. Pretrial and the principle of Habeas Corpus together form an important part of the criminal law system in Indonesia which focuses on justice and the protection of human rights.    

The impact of LBW poses many risks regarding problems in the body's system due to unstable body condition which can cause death. The causes of LBW are due to fetal factors, placental factors and maternal factors. Preeclampsia is a problem of serious maternal factors and has a high level of complexity. The results of the preliminary study in 2021 totaled 34 people with preeclampsia and 60 cases of low birth weight babies. Research objective is to determine the effectiveness of compresses of warm water and hibiscus leaves in lowering the body temperature of toddlers in the Banua Lawas Health Center area. The research methods is Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test research design without a control group. A sample of 30 people were divided into warm water compress groups and hibiscus leaf compress groups. Collecting data by observing according to SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). Data analysis using wilxocon. Resulted that the mean temperature in the warm water compress group before being given was 36.9°C and after being given was 36.3°C (the difference was 0.58°C). The average temperature in the hibiscus leaf compress group before being given was 36.8 °C and after being given 36.1 °C (the difference was 0,33 °C). There is a difference between warm water compresses and hibiscus leaves in reducing temperature in toddlers with fever in the Banua Lawas Health Center area (p-value ˂ 0.000). Concluded that both types of compresses are effective in reducing body temperature in children with fever but warm water compresses are more effective than hibiscus leaf compresses.

The presence of the E Court system in online trials creates legal loopholes regarding violations of the defendant's rights in trials regarding Due Process Law. The court cannot ignore this fact. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth study and analysis to ensure that the implementation of electronic trials does not violate important principles needed to maintain justice and the human rights of defendants during the trial process. Formulation of the Problem of this Thesis How to regulate the defendant's consent in the implementation of electronic criminal trials in Indonesia? and What is the electronic criminal trial mechanism that guarantees due process? The research method used by the author is Normative Juridical to study E-Court from the perspective of applicable laws and regulations and legal principles. The results of the research are that the regulation of the defendant's consent in carrying out criminal justice electronically in Indonesia based on Perma 4 of 2020 is an effort to protect the defendant's rights in the criminal justice process. The defendant's consent is necessary to ensure that the defendant understands his or her rights and is not forced to participate in the trial electronically. Perma Number 4 of 2020 regulates several ways to carry out electronic trials, such as defendants attending the trial from the place of detention with or without being accompanied by a Legal Advisor, or defendants who are not detained can attend the trial in the Court's court room or at the Prosecutor's office accompanied or without being accompanied by an Advisor. Law. This defendant consent mechanism must also pay attention to complete and timely notification to the defendant, the defendant's access to necessary technology, the defendant's right to be represented by a lawyer, preservation of trial recordings, and special consideration of personal rights and data security.    

Duha prayer is a sunnah prayer that is carried out in the morning starting from the rising of the sun until it is time for the dhuhur prayer. At SD Negeri 1 Cibeber, the dhuha prayer is taught during Islamic religious education (PAI) lessons, but students do not master the lafadz reading the dhuha prayer. The purpose of this study was to educate students of SD Negeri 1 Cibeber grade 3 so that they have the ability and understanding of the dhuha prayer both reading lafadz and procedures for dhuha prayer in accordance with applicable regulations. This service implementation method uses the PAR method which is carried out in stages: Problem identification is carried out as a first step to formulate what will be used as material for system planning and materials in educating in this service activity. Conducted a survey of SD Negeri 1 Cibeber  where the activities were carried out. Then carry out the interview and discussion process with the teacher at SD Negeri 1 Cibeber  to identify problems. The implementation of the solution or idea was carried out on 14 until 21 February, 2024 in the form of educating grade 3 students. perform the Duha prayer properly. By using this habituation method, it can improve students' ability to memorize the lafadz reading the dhuha prayer.

Hydronephrosis is a condition widening of one or second kidneys because of enhancement of the pressure kidney. Pressure increase consequence exists in blockage like the presence of stones in the ureters (ureterolithiasis). Treatment of stones in the ducts can done with surgery so that needs procedure anesthesia. One of the indications of spinal anesthesia is surgery urology. The patient a 45-year-old male, based on history, examination, and supporting patient was diagnosed with hydronephrosis dextra and during the ureteroscopy (URS) process a stone was found in the ureter of the dextra. Therefore, that done lithotripsy to break up stones. In this patient, it was Spinal anesthesia with Bupivacaine 0.5% 15 mg injected using spinal needle no. 25 G in the L3 - L4 region. During the operation, vital signs in the form of pressure are also monitored for blood, pulse, and oxygen saturation every 5 minutes efficiently and continuously, and administration of intravenous fluids in the form of Ringer's lactate. During the operation the patient's condition was stable. After the operation is complete, observation continues in the recovery room, where vital signs are monitored and assessed bromage scale.    

The quality of labor and supervision of labor is an important aspect in the success of an organization or company. Good workforce quality greatly influences the productivity, efficiency and overall performance of the organization. On the other hand, labor inspection plays a key role in ensuring that workers carry out their duties according to established standards, as well as ensuring compliance with existing policies and procedures. This research aims to analyze the relationship between labor quality and labor supervision in the context of a modern work environment. The research method used involves a comprehensive literature review to explore concepts, theories and practices related to these two aspects. The results of the analysis show that there is a close relationship between labor quality and labor supervision, where effective supervision can improve labor quality and vice versa. The implication of this research is that it is important for companies to develop effective monitoring strategies to ensure optimal workforce quality, which in turn will contribute to achieving overall organizational goals.    

The 1945 NRI Constitution as the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has guaranteed equality before the law for everyone, therefore the State guarantees and is obliged to ensure that its citizens have better access to legal aid. The data still displays a difference in the number of Legal Aid Organizations (LOB) and the underprivileged individuals seeking justice. There are thousands of law firms that have been established and spread across the Indonesian territory in both litigation and non-litigation fields, which can be the solution or answer to this inequality. The type of research is juridical-normative and employs a legal approach to research. The interpretation method involves an interpretation-systematic approach that analyzes qualitative data. As for the conclusion reached, (1) The Regulation on the Granting of Legal Aid in Indonesia are based on the provisions of the Herziene Indische Reglement (HIR), Act No. 18 of 1981 on the Law of Criminal Procedure, Act No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates, Act No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Authority and Act No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid. (2) The role of a law firm in improving access to legal aid in the community is to provide legal aid or legal services free of charge as an embodiment of the officium nobile and to cooperate or collaborate with certain local Legal Aid Institutions with the form of tangible activities such as holding legal counseling accompanied by the provision of legal aid services.

Spinal anesthesia is the choice for Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) procedures. TURP is a surgical procedure performed for patients with prostatic hyperplasia. When a TURP procedure is performed, excessive fluid absorption will occur because during the procedure the injured area causes the vein to open and irrigation fluid will be absorbed. The position of the surgical procedure in the lithotomy position makes the situation worse. Spinal anesthesia helps peripheral blood collection and reduces circulatory overload, early detection of TURP syndrome and bladder perforation. In this case, the procedure was carried out on a 67 year old man with a diagnosis of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with a TURP surgical procedure. The patient was composmentis, ASA III. The patient underwent spinal anesthesia with a sub arachnoid block using Bupivacaine. During TURP procedures, TURP syndrome can occur which is influenced by the use of fluid as irrigation to widen the operator's field of view. Saline fluid should be used, but because it is expensive, H2O is often used as irrigation fluid. A complication of the TURP procedure is TURP syndrome

To improve service quality, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia issued a Decree of the Director General of the Religious Courts Number 1403.b/DJA/SK/OT.01.3/8/2018 Concerning Guidelines for One-Stop Services in the Religious Courts Environment. With this policy, the Depok Religious Court implemented the One-Stop Integrated Service. In implementing the One Stop Integrated Service at the Depok Religious Court, several obstacles were found in its implementation. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the implementation of the One Stop Service policy at the Depok Religious Court. The theory of this research uses the theory of policy implementation in the George Edward III model. By using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Retrieval of data using interviews, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, to test the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The results of the research from 4 indicators that regarding communication it is necessary to carry out more socialization because many people do not know about the mechanism in the procedure for handling service cases that exist at PTSP. Resources, in terms of quantity the number of officers at PTSP is still small while the number of cases at the Depok Religious Court is quite a lot. In terms of quality, there is a need for training because there are still officers who are less responsive, and the existing facilities and infrastructure at PTSP have not been integrated all in one door due to limited land. Disposition, the executors have a commitment to carry out this policy by delivering tasks that are good enough in accordance with the contents of the instructions in the policy. Bureaucratic Structure, the officers have carried out the policy in accordance with the applicable SOP. Suggestions from this study are that socialization must be increased and there is a need for land expansion to support infrastructure facilities and additional staff on duty at PTSP so as to maximize service time.

The concept of algebra is very important in learning mathematics, students' ability to understand advanced mathematics lessons depends on mastery of algebraic concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the errors that often arise when students solve algebra problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the errors of vocational students in class XI in solving algebra problems. This research uses a qualitative method that is analyzed descriptively. The research subjects were 28 students of class XI with the object of research, which is the errors that arise when students solve algebra problems. The results showed that based on Kastolan's Theory, procedural errors occur most often, followed by technical errors, and concepts.

This research aims to find out whether the application of the problem based learning model can improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities in class VII of St. Peter's Middle School, Medan. This research method uses Classroom Action Research (PTK). The research procedure is cyclical. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely: planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. Data collection techniques through observation and tests. This data collection uses several instruments in the form of student observation sheets. Meanwhile, to determine students' mathematical problem solving abilities, tests are used. The results of the research show that the use of the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities in mathematics lessons on algebra material. From the average value of prerequisite abilities, namely 55.56, the average value of students' mathematical problem solving abilities in cycle I is 72.55 and the average value of students' mathematical problem solving abilities in cycle II is 76.39 and the activity value of students in cycle I is 62%, and cycle II, namely 85%.

Nephrolithiasis is the formation of hard material resembling stones originating from minerals and salts in the kidneys. Risk factors for kidney stones are frequent holding in urine, obesity, lack of drinking, urinary tract infections, and heredity. The prevalence of kidney stones in Indonesia is 6 per 1000 population or 1,499,400 people suffer from kidney stones. Various medical procedures can be performed to treat kidney stone cases, one of which is surgery. Post-operative kidney stone patients generally complain of pain and experience physical immobility problems related to the presence of surgical wounds. Nurses play a role in providing nursing care by carrying out pain management and carrying out early mobilization to train the muscle system and nervous system after surgery. The aim of writing this scientific paper is to be able to apply the theory and concept of applying early mobilization to reduce pain intensity in patients with Kidney Stones Post Surgery Extended Left Pyelolithotomy and Replace DJ Stent in Anggrek C Room, Tangerang General Hospital. The writing method used is a case study with a nursing care approach. Based on the results of the study and data analysis, 3 nursing diagnoses were found, namely: pain, physical immobility disorders, and risk of infection. After intervention and evaluation for 3 x 24 hours, data was obtained that the problem of pain and physical immobility disorders was partially resolved, this was indicated by a decrease in pain intensity and increased movement of the patient's extremities, while the problem of risk of infection had not been resolved so the intervention was continued. Nurses are expected to be able to carry out comprehensive assessments, make appropriate diagnoses, plan interventions, carry out evaluations and follow-up

The prevalence of nosocomial infections worldwide has become a serious concern for healthcare professionals, especially in hospitals. One contributing factor is the inadequate implementation of the five moments hand hygiene in handwashing procedures that do not conform to operational procedure standards. The aim of this research is to determine how the implementation of the five moments hand hygiene among nurses in the surgical medical care ward at Santa Elisabeth Hospital in Medan. This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional approach, employing observation sheets. The sample size included 30 nurses in the Surgical Medical Care Ward at Santa Elisabeth Hospital in Medan, using total sampling technique. The measurement tool was an observation sheet, and the data analysis employed univariate analysis. The research findings revealed that, in the first moment before patient contact, 56.7% of nurses did not adhere to the practice, while 43.3% did. In the second moment, before aseptic procedures, 56.7% of nurses did not comply, and 43.3% did. In the third moment, after exposure to patient body fluids, all nurses (100%) adhered to the practice. In the fourth moment, after patient contact, all nurses (100%) complied. In the fifth moment, after contact with the patient's environment, all nurses (100%) followed the practice. It is hoped that nurses can consistently implement the five moments hand hygiene to prevent disease transmission and nosocomial infections, fostering a habit of incorporating these practices into nosocomial infection prevention.

This study will examine the Bandung Regency Ummat Party's political communication and image as a new party ahead of the 2024 election. The research strategy employed was a literature review and in-depth interviews with numerous connected sources. The data analysis approach draws findings using data triangulation procedures, specifically the data collection, reduction, and presentation stages. The data supplied is then tailored to the researcher's requirements for studying the research challenge. The study's findings indicate that the Bandung Regency Ummat Party is attempting to project a new identity that differs from its prior identity. The Ummat Party attempts to establish its political image through the use of mass media as well as the character and stature of party officials. According to the findings of this study, the Bandung Regency Ummat Party promotes social media operations in order to improve its political image. The Ummat Party realizes that, as a new party, identity and image are vital in attracting public interest and publicly introducing the party.

The aim of this research is to increase class VII students' interest in learning procedural text material using a problem-based learning model at SMP Negeri 2 Simpang Kiri. This research uses descriptive research methods combined with classroom action research (ACR) methods. The results of the research are (1) a problem-based learning model, namely. a series of learning activities that emphasize the process of solving problems faced scientifically and increase students' interest in learning. (2) In cycle I there were 7 students who wrote procedure texts neatly and well structured. Other students, e.g. 13 students have good procedure texts, but their writing structure is still less organized than other students. (3) The results of cycle II are known to have experienced a significant increase. Where 16 students started to be neat and followed the structure of their writing and 4 other students were still not neat and did not follow the structure of their writing.

Background: The ACL is a ligament in the knee joint which functions to stabilize the tibia when moving forward and in rotational movements of the knee joint. Treatment for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries can be done with several procedures, namely reconstructive and conservative. ACL reconstruction is a surgical procedure that replaces the injured ACL with a tendon graft because the ACL does not heal after injury due to insufficient vascularization. Common conditions after undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery are complication problems such as experiencing knee stiffness which includes swelling, pain, limited Range of Motion (ROM), especially in extension, decreased muscle strength and decreased proprioception. Objective : To determine the effectiveness of providing exercise in handling post-operative cases of phase 1 ACL surgery. Method: This study used the Case Report method which was carried out at RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro, Semarang in January 2024. The patient was a 20 year old male, diagnosed with Post Op. ALCR phase 1. Results & Discussion: After being given physiotherapy intervention for 3 meetings. With each therapy, it appears that there continues to be improvement. Can increase joint range of motion, increase knee flexor muscle strength, reduce perceived pain, and change segment circumference. Results: Based on the research that has been carried out, the results showed that providing physiotherapy intervention can be effective in phase 1 ACLR cases.

The aim of carrying out this outreach activity is to increase the legal knowledge and awareness of the Wanawali village community regarding the urgency of registering marriages to obtain a marriage certificate. This activity was carried out because there are a set of problems currently being faced, especially regarding the lack of public awareness regarding registering marriages. This condition is a systemic impact of the general public's low level of understanding in Wanawali Village, Cibatu District, Purwakarta Regency regarding the regulations governing marriage and their lack of awareness regarding the importance of registering marriages in order to obtain a marriage certificate. The method used in this activity is Participatory Action Research (PAR). As an effort to obtain a marriage certificate at the Religious Affairs Office (KUA), the applicant submits a marriage isbat application to the Religious Court by attaching several requirements. The requirements that must be met for submitting a marriage Itsbat application are listed in the Compilation of Islamic Law Article 7 paragraphs (1), (2), (3) and (4). The determination of Itsbat Nikah will be granted by the religious court judge if these conditions are met. By granting the application for a Marriage Certificate, a marriage that has been solemnized according to religious law can be requested to be registered with the Marriage Registrar (VAT) Officer at the sub-district KUA covering the area, bringing a copy of the decision to issue a Marriage Certificate Excerpt. and The results of the activity show that after being given socialization, the participants have clear and complete knowledge regarding: (1) knowledge about Civil Law, especially Marriage Law which is related to procedures for registering marriages, (2) knowledge about the impact and consequences of having a marriage registration.

A house is a basic human need, many people are rarely able to save in cash due to rising house prices. By providing pawn products (Home Ownership Credit), the Bank acts as a mediator between the interests of home buyers and sellers in this situation. However, Muslims are not allowed to use the usury transaction interest system used by mainstream banks. For Muslims who want interest-free financial services, the rise of Islamic banking is a good thing. However, the fact that sharia banking has not been able to match conventional banks in Indonesia is proof that the majority of Muslim communities there do not have full confidence in using sharia banks. Based on this, the author looks at and discusses how murabahah contracts are used in sharia finance at the Bank Sumut Syariah Lubuk Pakam Branch Office. The aim of this qualitative descriptive research which combines case study theory is to describe the implementation of the murabahah contract and determine its impact on sharia financing at Bank Sumut Syariah Lubuk Pakam Branch Office. To gather information regarding the use of murabahah contracts in Islam, the data collection approach uses interview procedures, namely questions and answers to officers, employees and authorized parties (in authority), as well as documentation. Descriptive techniques are used in data analysis procedures. The research findings, the application of the DSN-MUI fatwa regarding murabahah, turns out that the DSN-MUINo.04/DSNMUI/IV/2000 fatwa was followed in the case of murabahah financing for subsidized housing mortgage financing carried out by the North Sumatra Syariah Bank, Lubuk Pakam Branch Office.

A community service project has been implemented in Kepling V, Tanah Seribu District, with the aim of increasing women's understanding of entrepreneurship. One such project involved the introduction of dishwashing soap made using off-the-shelf components. The aim of this community service project is to present dishwashing soap making as a potential business venture. Purchasing equipment and supplies, making dish soap, collaborating with the Head of Environment V of Tanah Seribu Village, counseling and evaluation were the research procedures carried out. The mothers who took part in this exercise expressed their interest in launching a company that produces dishwashing soap.

Background: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that attacks many elderly people and increases the risk of death. The aging process causes elderly people to decrease their activity, resulting in the emergence of obesity, fat accumulation in blood vessels, and increased blood pressure. Data in the area supported by the Srondol Semarang Community Health Center in 2020 shows that hypertension is in first place on the list of the top 10 diseases there. One intervention that is safe and popular with the elderly and can help control blood pressure in the elderly is gamelan accompaniment exercise because it can increase blood flow and oxygen supply throughout the body, increase the elasticity of blood vessels and provide a relaxing effect. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of gamelan accompaniment to blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. This research method is a pre-experimental one group pre and post test design and sampling using purposive sampling technique. The population of this study were elderly people who were recorded as suffering from hypertension at the Srondol Semarang Community Health Center. The research instrument used a digital spygmomanometer and video of gamelan accompaniment of exercises. The research stages consist of preparation, implementation and processing of research data. The steps taken at the preparation stage were literature studies, field surveys, discussions with lecturers and experts, developing procedures for implementing gamelan accompaniment exercises, expert reviews, and socializing the implementation of gamelan accompaniment exercises to the elderly and their families. The implementation stage was carried out by collecting data on elderly people registered at the Srondol Semarang Community Health Center, pre and post tests by measuring blood pressure using a spigmomanometer, implementing gamelan accompaniment exercises in accordance with the prepared SOP, observing the implementation of gamelan accompaniment exercises with an observation sheet. Then, at the data processing stage, a test was carried out on the effectiveness of gamelan accompaniment exercises on the blood pressure of elderly people with hypertension. The targeted output is publication in national journals indexed by Sinta and HAKI. The TKT target for implementing this gamelan accompaniment exercise is at level 2. The results of the study show a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p value 0.0001) with an error level (α) of 0.05, namely from 163.25 mmHg to 146.75 mmHg and from 100 .50 mmHg to 89.25 mmHg. Gamelan accompaniment exercises were concluded to be effective in lowering blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension