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This research examines the strengthening of inter-agency collaboration through an integrated implementation model in the social rehabilitation program for people with physical disabilities at UPT Bina Daksa Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. The social rehabilitation program for persons with disabilities faces significant challenges in coordination, resource allocation, and service integration among multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, non-governmental organisations, and community groups. This study employs a qualitative case study design, using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis to collect data from program implementers, beneficiaries, and related stakeholders. The findings reveal that effective inter-agency collaboration requires five key elements: shared vision and goals, clear communication channels, adequate mechanisms for resource sharing, strong leadership commitment, and continuous monitoring and evaluation systems. The integrated implementation model developed in this study emphasises horizontal and vertical coordination, participatory planning, capacity building initiatives, and community empowerment strategies. The results demonstrate that strengthening inter-agency collaboration through this integrated model significantly improves program effectiveness, service quality, and beneficiary satisfaction. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of collaborative governance in disability services and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in developing countries

The global ecological crisis, marked by climate change, biodiversity loss, and natural resource degradation, has revealed the limitations of existing legal frameworks in ensuring environmental sustainability. While international environmental law has developed significantly through instruments such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, its implementation remains deeply uneven due to geopolitical power imbalances, historical responsibilities, and disparities in technical and financial capacities between the Global North and South. This study critically examines the intersection of environmental law and global geopolitics, arguing that legal mechanisms alone are insufficient without addressing underlying structural inequalities. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates international law, political ecology, and sustainability studies, the research highlights three major areas: the evolution of international legal instruments, the geopolitical asymmetries in their implementation, and the emergence of inclusive and just sustainability initiatives. Furthermore, the study underscores the transformative role of non-state actors, particularly indigenous communities, civil society organizations, and transnational grassroots movements, in shaping global environmental governance. The novelty of this research lies in its emphasis on law as a political and normative tool to challenge dominant paradigms and reconstruct a more equitable global environmental order. The findings offer strategic insights for policymakers, legal scholars, and advocacy groups committed to promoting ecological justice in the era of the climate crisis.

This study discusses the role of the Kupang City Council in carrying out its supervisory function on gender-responsive maternal and child health policies, with a case study focus on Oebobo District. The background of this study stems from the high maternal and child mortality rates and the suboptimal implementation of Kupang City Regulation No. 7 of 2013. This study uses a qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation techniques, and involves informants from DPRD members, health workers, posyandu cadres, and community leaders. The results show that the DPRD, particularly through Commission IV, has carried out its supervisory function through regulatory support, budget allocation, program evaluation, and field visits. Some of the programs supervised include Free Nutritious Meals (MBG), strengthening Posyandu, and basic health services at Puskesmas. However, the effectiveness of supervision still faces various obstacles, including the lack of female representation in the DPRD, strong patriarchal culture, lack of socialization of local regulations, weak cross-sector coordination, and low community participation. The conclusion of this study confirms that the success of gender-responsive maternal and child health policies is greatly influenced by the capacity of the DPRD in oversight, political and budgetary support, and community involvement.

Digital identity after biological death raises significant questions regarding the question of ownership, access, and inheritance of data. Objects of digital properties, to include social media profiles, cloud storage, and online transaction histories, are now practically inseparable from personal identity. However, these questions regarding accessing postmortem data are still underdeveloped in legal and policy terms. The objective of this study is to investigate the socio-legal implications of digital death using the interplay of social norms, legal systems, and digital platform policies. The qualitative exploratory case study method was used to collect data employing semi-structured interviews with bereaved families, legal specialists, and representatives from technology platforms. Hematic analysis yields five core findings: legal access generally requires court orders; public awareness of digital inheritance is minimal; jurisdictional variation creates confusion; digital accounts are memorialized spaces; and there are ethical tensions between postmortem privacy and family rights. The study concludes that social norms currently develop more responsively than legal or technical systems, with the result being informal but risky practices on the part of families. This research contributes an integrative socio-legal framework to guide inclusive and ethical digital inheritance policy. It requires harmonized law, public literacy, and cross-platform collaboration to maintain human dignity and digital rights after death. 

The international legal framework is designed to protect human rights, while the question of whether it can bring about social justice is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of transnational human rights instruments, namely the ICCPR and ICESCR, in addressing inequality and improving social welfare across various countries. In South Africa and Indonesia, effective implementation is hampered by structural and institutional constraints. The most important contribution of the study is its fusion of analyses that are legal, social, and political. Most importantly, the study examines and evaluates how applied using a qualitative evaluative research design with comparative case studies between Sweden, South Africa, and Indonesia, on human rights. The data collection methods include document analysis, interviews, and secondary data from global indices. This article's findings indicate that Sweden has managed to successfully incorporate human rights norms into the legal framework and social protection mechanisms, resulting in high attainment of social justice. Conduct empirical research into the cross-national effectiveness of human rights instruments. The implication of this study suggests that the successful implementation of international human rights instruments depends, to a large extent, on the domestic context and the institutional capacity in question. Beyond the theoretical contribution, the findings also provide practical guidance for global human rights governance. Strengthening international monitoring and reporting mechanisms, as well as aligning them with domestic institutional reforms, can serve as a roadmap for policymakers to design more effective strategies in bridging the gap between normative commitments and tangible social justice outcomes.

Fore Coffee's #FOREsponsible campaign prioritizes the principle of environmental conservation. They collaborate specifically with a company called Robries, which processes plastic waste into valuable products such as furniture and home decor. This study aims to determine how much influence the #FOREsponsible public relations campaign message has on Fore Coffee's brand image. The theory used is the Campaign Message theory (variable X) in accordance with Venus's research (2019), with indicators including Message Content, Message Structure, and Message Frame. Brand image (variable Y) is measured based on the dimensions of strength, favorability, and uniqueness in accordance with Keller's theory (2013). This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, namely by distributing questionnaires to 94 samples selected using the Slovin formula, probability sampling techniques, and simple random sampling methods. The collected data were then analyzed using simple linear regression techniques. The results of the analysis show the influence of variable X (Campaign Message) on variable Y (Brand Image). From the results of simple linear regression, the R Square value (coefficient of determination) was obtained at 63.3%, which means that approximately 63.3% of the influence on Fore Coffee's brand image comes from the #FOREsponsible campaign message on Instagram. While the remaining 37.7% is influenced by other factors not covered in this study. This proves that the campaign message has a significant influence on Fore Coffee's brand image.

Keamanan data merupakan aspek penting dalam sistem informasi seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan teknologi komputer dalam berbagai bidang. Data yang disimpan dan ditransmisikan melalui sistem digital memiliki risiko terhadap ancaman seperti pencurian, penyadapan, dan manipulasi informasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan mekanisme pengamanan data yang efektif, salah satunya melalui penerapan kriptografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan algoritma Data Encryption Standard (DES) sebagai metode kriptografi untuk mengamankan data komputer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode implementasi, yaitu dengan menerapkan algoritma DES pada proses enkripsi dan dekripsi data. Proses enkripsi dilakukan menggunakan struktur Feistel Network yang terdiri dari permutasi awal, 16 putaran enkripsi, dan permutasi akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data plaintext berhasil dienkripsi menjadi ciphertext yang tidak dapat dibaca secara langsung dan dapat dikembalikan ke bentuk semula melalui proses dekripsi dengan kunci yang sama. Pengujian efek avalanche menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kecil pada plaintext menghasilkan perubahan bit yang signifikan pada ciphertext, menandakan tingkat difusi yang baik. Selain itu, uji konsistensi dan validasi membuktikan bahwa algoritma DES menghasilkan output yang stabil dan akurat. Meskipun memiliki keterbatasan pada panjang kunci, algoritma DES tetap efektif sebagai media pembelajaran dan implementasi dasar dalam sistem keamanan data. Kata Kunci : Kriptografi, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Keamanan Data, Enkripsi,  Dekripsi.

Salah satu tugas utama perpustakaan adalah mengembangkan koleksi informasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pemustaka. Survei rekomendasi pemustaka adalah salah satu pendekatan pengembangan koleksi yang semakin diperhatikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mempelajari rekomendasi pemustaka tentang pengembangan koleksi dan bagaimana hal itu berdampak pada relevansi koleksi di Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif, menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi formulir survei yang disarankan pemustaka. Model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña digunakan untuk melakukan analisis data, yang mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rekomendasi pemustaka sangat penting dalam menentukan jenis dan subjek koleksi yang dibuat, terutama dalam bidang kesastraan yang paling dicari. Rekomendasi pemustaka telah terbukti meningkatkan relevansi dan tingkat keterpakaian koleksi. Selain itu, teknik ini juga membantu pustakawan menetapkan prioritas pengadaan secara lebih tepat dan efektif, terutama ketika anggaran terbatas. Rekomendasi pemustaka tetap menjadi bahan evaluasi penting dalam perencanaan pengembangan koleksi, meskipun tidak seluruh rekomendasi dapat dilaksanakan karena kebijakan dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Pada kesimpulannya kualitas dan relevansi koleksi perpustakaan meningkat ketika melibatkan pemustaka dalam pengembangannya. Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Koleksi, Rekomendasi Pemustaka, Perpustakaan, Survei Kebutuhan Pemustaka.

This study explores the feasibility of adopting plea bargaining within the Indonesian criminal prosecution system from the perspective of public prosecutors. Unlike common law jurisdictions such as the United States and Canada, where plea bargaining has become the dominant mechanism for resolving criminal cases, Indonesia still relies on full trials, resulting in significant case backlogs and overcapacity in correctional institutions. Employing a socio-legal qualitative approach, this research collected data through in-depth interviews with 25 prosecutors from three different jurisdictions, complemented by document analysis and limited observations. The findings reveal that while 72% of prosecutors support the potential adoption of plea bargaining—either entirely or with conditions—28% express rejection due to concerns over legal certainty, possible abuse of power, and the erosion of defendants’ rights to a fair trial. Comparative analysis indicates that prosecutors in urban jurisdictions tend to adopt a more pragmatic stance due to heavy caseloads. At the same time, those in regions dominated by narcotics cases exhibit more conservative views. The study proposes a contextual adaptation model for Indonesia that balances efficiency with substantive justice by involving judicial oversight in the negotiation process. This research contributes academically by providing empirical insights into prosecutors’ perceptions, which are rarely discussed in the Indonesian literature, and, practically, by offering policy recommendations to reform the criminal justice system. The conclusion emphasizes that adopting plea bargaining in Indonesia is feasible, provided it is accompanied by strict regulations, transparent oversight mechanisms, and apparent limitations on its application.

The rapid escalation of cybercrime in Indonesia and worldwide highlights the urgent need for adaptive legal strategies that integrate emerging technologies. This study investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used to strengthen prosecution strategies against cybercrime, focusing on law enforcement readiness, implementation challenges, and the opportunities it presents. Using a qualitative approach supported by empirical data, the research combines doctrinal legal analysis, socio-legal perspectives, and case studies through in-depth interviews with prosecutors, investigators, and digital forensic experts, alongside secondary data from national and international reports. The results reveal that while awareness of AI’s potential is relatively high, its actual use in legal practice remains limited, with only 30 percent of respondents having direct experience with AI tools. Statistical data also confirm a significant increase in cyberattacks from 215 million anomalies in 2022 to nearly 400 million in 2024, underscoring the urgency of adopting AI. Findings show that AI can enhance the identification of digital evidence, detect hidden patterns in cyberattacks, and improve the effectiveness of prosecution. However, concerns about algorithmic bias and the lack of legal frameworks persist. This study contributes to academic discourse by offering an applied framework for AI-based prosecution strategies in developing countries and by providing practical recommendations for prosecutors and policymakers to accelerate digital legal reforms. The novelty lies in bridging theoretical discussions with an operational model contextualized to Indonesia’s legal environment.

Aksesibilitas layanan fisik merupakan aspek fundamental dalam penyelenggaraan perpustakaan inklusif bagi penyandang disabilitas. Perpustakaan umum memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menyediakan fasilitas yang memungkinkan seluruh pemustaka mengakses informasi secara setara dan mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aksesibilitas layanan fisik bagi penyandang disabilitas di Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan mengacu pada IFLA Checklist of Library Services for Persons with Disabilities. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ditentukan secara purposive sampling, yaitu pustakawan layanan disabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perpustakaan telah menyediakan beberapa fasilitas pendukung aksesibilitas fisik, seperti ruang baca khusus disabilitas, rambu penunjuk arah, toilet disabilitas, meja sirkulasi ramah kursi roda, serta komputer dan OPAC. Namun demikian, masih ditemukan keterbatasan, antara lain belum tersedianya jalur pejalan kaki, guiding block, area parkir khusus disabilitas, serta ramp yang belum operasional. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan aksesibilitas fisik berdasarkan standar IFLA belum sepenuhnya optimal. Kata kunci: Aksesibilitas Fisik, Layanan Disabilitas, Perpustakaan Inklusif, IFLA

The rapid growth of the digital economy has transformed the landscape of legal disputes, particularly in Indonesia, where e-commerce transactions continue to increase significantly. This study examines the role of the State Attorney (Jaksa Pengacara Negara/JPN) in handling digital economic disputes, which remain limited despite the normative authority granted by law. Using a juridical-empirical approach, the research combines document analysis, in-depth interviews with prosecutors, judges, consumer protection officials, and digital law experts, and observation of selected cases. The findings reveal that JPN’s involvement remains concentrated on conventional disputes, such as breaches of electronic contracts and online fraud. In contrast, their role in strategic issues such as data protection and digital monopoly remains negligible. Comparative analysis with other jurisdictions highlights that prosecutors in the United States, the European Union, and Singapore have adopted more proactive and efficient roles in protecting public interests in the digital domain. The study concludes that the gap between JPN’s normative authority and its practical implementation reflects weaknesses in technical capacity, regulatory framework, and inter-institutional coordination. This research contributes to academic discourse by providing empirical and comparative insights into JPN’s role in digital disputes and by offering practical recommendations to strengthen its function through regulatory reform, capacity building, and institutional synergy. Strengthening JPN’s role is not only necessary to protect consumers and ensure legal certainty but also essential to enhance Indonesia’s legal competitiveness in the global digital economy.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penanaman Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) di Nagari Tanjuang Bungo, Kecamatan Suliki, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kemandirian kesehatan keluarga. Masalah utama yang diteliti adalah rendahnya tingkat pemahaman masyarakat tentang penggunaan tanaman obat untuk kesehatan serta ketergantungan yang tinggi pada obat kimia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan observasi langsung di lapangan untuk mengamati penerimaan masyarakat terhadap program TOGA dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan masyarakat terhadap program TOGA sangat positif, dan banyak keluarga mulai mengurangi ketergantungan pada obat kimia dengan memanfaatkan tanaman obat sebagai alternatif pengobatan. Namun, terdapat kendala seperti kurangnya pengetahuan tentang perawatan tanaman obat dan terbatasnya sumber daya yang tersedia. Program ini menunjukkan potensi yang besar dalam menciptakan kemandirian kesehatan keluarga, meskipun perbaikan dalam pelatihan dan penyediaan sumber daya masih diperlukan. Kesimpulannya, TOGA merupakan solusi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kesehatan keluarga secara mandiri dan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut di daerah lain. Kata kunci: kemandirian kesehatan keluarga, pemanfaatan TOGA, tanaman obat keluarga, pemberdayaan masyarakat.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi guru geografi dalam mengelola kelas melalui penerapan pendekatan permisif dan pendekatan “buku masak” (cookbook approach). Observasi dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana kedua pendekatan tersebut diterapkan dalam situasi pembelajaran nyata serta dampaknya terhadap dinamika kelas dan ketercapaian tujuan pembelajaran. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan permisif memberikan ruang kebebasan kepada peserta didik untuk mengekspresikan ide, memilih cara bekerja, serta membangun interaksi sosial yang lebih terbuka. Sementara itu, pendekatan buku masak menyediakan struktur pembelajaran yang lebih sistematis melalui langkah-langkah baku yang diikuti guru secara konsisten. Kombinasi kedua pendekatan menciptakan keseimbangan antara fleksibilitas dan keteraturan, meskipun keberhasilannya sangat bergantung pada kemampuan guru dalam menyesuaikan porsi kendali dan kebebasan. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan mengenai pentingnya strategi pengelolaan kelas yang adaptif untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran geografi. Kata kunci: Manajemen kelas, Strategi guru geografi, Pendekatan permisif, Pendekatan buku masak (cookbook approach), Efektivitas pembelajaran Geografi  

The evolution of modern civil procedural law demands dispute resolution mechanisms that are responsive, efficient, and substantively just. In this context, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) particularly mediation and arbitration has transformed from a supplementary option into a central instrument within Indonesia’s dispute resolution architecture. This study aims to analyze the development of ADR from the perspective of modern civil procedural law, focusing on the normative status and practical efficiency of mediation and arbitration as pre-litigation mechanisms. The research employs a normative-juridical approach, analyzing primary legal sources (legislation, Supreme Court Regulations [PERMA], court decisions) and secondary sources (scholarly journals, books, policy documents). The findings indicate that mediation has been mandatorily integrated into civil procedure through PERMA No. 1 of 2016, functioning as a court-facilitated pre-litigation stage, while arbitration operates as a consensual out-of-court mechanism under Law No. 30 of 1999. Both mechanisms demonstrate clear efficiency in terms of time (resolution within weeks to months), cost (minimal to predictable), and the ability to preserve parties’ relationships through collaborative processes and procedural confidentiality. Nevertheless, implementation challenges remain, particularly concerning the availability of qualified mediators and public perception of ADR. The study concludes that ADR is no longer a marginal alternative but an integral pillar of modern civil justice, aligning with principles of procedural efficiency and substantive justice.

This study examines the harmonization between the Child Protection Act and Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS) in strengthening legal protection for child victims of sexual violence in Indonesia. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes the shift in the legal paradigm from a perpetrator-oriented retributive model toward a victim-centered restorative justice approach. The findings indicate that the integration of these regulations enhances legal certainty through the expansion of valid evidence, including electronic evidence and expert testimony, as well as the recognition of restitution as an enforceable right of victims. The introduction of the victim fund mechanism further ensures the fulfillment of victims’ material and psychological recovery when perpetrators are unable to provide restitution. This study concludes that regulatory synchronization significantly improves procedural protection and reinforces the state’s responsibility in safeguarding the best interests of child victims.

This study aims to analyze the legal certainty of informal waqf pledges and deeds, as well as the effectiveness of the Cross-Sector Program (LINTOR) in the legalization of waqf land in Sukabumi Regency. The research employs an empirical juridical method with statutory and sociological approaches, using document analysis, field observations, and interviews with the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), the Land Office, and related stakeholders. The findings indicate that underhand waqf practices do not comply with Law Number 41 of 2004 on Waqf, thereby weakening legal evidentiary power and obstructing the waqf land certification process. Although the LINTOR Program conceptually facilitates the acceleration of waqf land registration, its implementation remains constrained by administrative deficiencies, weak inter-institutional coordination, and low public legal awareness. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of KUA as Waqf Pledge Deed Officials, reinforce cross-sector technical regulations, and enhance legal literacy to ensure legal certainty in waqf land management.

This study is motivated by the high frequency and significant impacts of flooding in Indonesia, particularly the recurrent flooding of the Kali Lamong River in Gresik Regency, which causes substantial socio-economic losses each year. Although disaster management is normatively regulated by national policies, its effectiveness depends largely on collaborative governance among multiple actors. This study aims to analyze the practice of collaborative governance in flood mitigation in Gresik Regency using the model of Weber, Lovrich, and Gaffney (2005), which includes vertical, horizontal, and partnership dimensions, and to identify the key challenges that hinder its implementation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed in flood-affected areas along the Kali Lamong River, involving BPBD, DPUTR, sub-district governments, village authorities, and local communities through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that collaboration has been established and functions relatively well, particularly in hierarchical coordination, division of roles among government agencies, strengthening of Destana, KENCANA, and SPAB programs, as well as CSR involvement and community participation all contributing to reduced flood duration. However, the implementation of collaborative governance remains constrained by slow land acquisition and infrastructure development, a predominantly reactive orientation, suboptimal early-warning systems between upstream and downstream areas, and uneven support from the private sector and academia. The study concludes that strengthening collaborative mechanisms and accelerating the resolution of structural barriers are essential to achieve more sustainable flood mitigation efforts in Gresik.

Street vendors (PKL) constitute an essential component of the informal economic sector in Gresik Regency, yet their presence often generates issues related to urban order, cleanliness, and aesthetics. This study aims to: (1) analyze the effectiveness of implementing Gresik Regency Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Arrangement and Empowerment of Street Vendors, and (2) identify the obstacles faced by the local government in carrying out the regulation. This research employs a socio-legal method with a normative-empirical approach, utilizing statutory analysis, field observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the arrangement and empowerment of street vendors have been carried out through the designation of trading locations, regulation of operating hours and physical facilities, establishment of requirements for becoming street vendors, and the enforcement of rights, obligations, prohibitions, and sanctions. The Gresik Regency Government has also undertaken relocation initiatives to designated areas. However, the effectiveness of the regulation remains hindered by limited human resources, weak monitoring systems, and low compliance among some street vendors. Overall, the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2013 has been conducted but has not yet achieved optimal outcomes in ensuring order and promoting the independence of street vendors. Strengthened coordination, enhanced guidance, and improved regulatory systems are needed to support the sustainability of the informal sector in Gresik Regency.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Jakarta Smart Card Plus (KJP Plus) Program at the Junior High School (SMP) level in South Jakarta in 2024. The program is an initiative by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta to ensure access to education for underprivileged families. This research employs Sutrisno’s (2007) program effectiveness theory, which includes five key indicators: program understanding, target accuracy, timeliness, goal achievement, and real change. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation involving informants from the South Jakarta Region I Education Sub-Department, school principals, students, and parents of KJP Plus beneficiaries. The results of the study indicate: (1) Understanding of the program is still uneven, particularly among parents who lack knowledge about the mechanism and use of KJP Plus; (2) Target accuracy is not optimal, as some recipients are economically capable, such as those who own cars or fall into higher welfare deciles; (3) The timeliness of fund distribution is generally good, although there are still some administrative delays; (4) Goal achievement is evident through reduced school dropout rates and increased educational participation, but not evenly across all areas; and (5) Real change is felt by most beneficiaries through easier access to education and provision of school supplies, although misuse of funds for non-educational purposes is still present. Overall, the effectiveness of the KJP Plus program at the SMP level in South Jakarta is deemed suboptimal, highlighting the need for improved data accuracy, stricter fund usage monitoring, and broader program socialization.