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Background: Dysmenorrhea pain is lower abdominal pain that can spread the lower back, waist, pervis, caused contractions uterine muscles when blood released from the uterus, causing the muscles highten and causing pain and cramps. The incidence rate in Indonesia 64,25% divided  primary dysmenorrhea 54,89% and secondary dysmenorrhea 9,36%. Warm compresses have the body’s  response heat which causes dilation of blood vassels wich improves blood circulation. Deep breathing relaxation through breathing exercises stimulates  body form  pain suppression system, wich ultimately can reduce pain intensity. Objective : Describe the results before and after administering warm electric compresses and deep breathing relaxation on the level of dysmenorrhea pain. Method: Case study method by observing pain levels and using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) measuring scale. Results: There was reduction  dysmenorrhea pain both respondents after giving warm compresses electric and deep breathing relaxtion to Nn. R  a scale of 6 to 4 and Nn. A a scale of 8 to 5. Conslusion: Applying warm compresses and deep breathing relaxation  young women with dysmenorrhea pain can reduce the level of pain.

Background : An elderly person is someone over 60 years old who experiences changes, one of which is changes in musculoskeletal disorders. Joint pain is a symptom that disturbs the joints due to reduced synovial fluid so that the bones rub against the lining between the joints. Joint pain sufferers in Indonesia reach 81% of the 80 million elderly.  Treatment for joint pain is done with non-pharmacological treatment, one of which can be done with non-pharmacological therapy is Elderly Gymnastics. Objective : To determine changes in the pain scale in the elderly before and after doing elderly exercise. Method : This research is a case study research using descriptive methods, namely by interviewing 2 (two) elderly respondents who experienced joint pain before and after implementing elderly exercise 3 times a week every morning. The instrument used was the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to measure delivery pain. Results : Before doing elderly exercise, both respondents experienced right and left knee pain on a scale of 4 (moderate pain) and scale 1 (mild pain). After doing elderly exercise for both respondents, there was a decrease in the pain scale with a scale of 1 (mild pain). Conclusion : This application shows that after implementing elderly exercise for both respondents, there was a reduction in joint pain in the elderly.  

Background: The elderly are more likely to suffer from gout with symptoms of pain and swelling in the joints.  Pain that is not handled properly can trigger a prolonged stress response, which will reduce the body's resistance. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be given to gout sufferers is a warm compress from Moringa leaves.  Warm compresses from Moringa leaves are a technique for applying compresses to joint areas that experience pain due to gout.  Objective: To determine the results of differences in pain intensity before and after applying a warm Moringa leaf compress to Lanisa.  Method: This research used a descriptive research design with a case study approach on 2 respondents in Pucangsawit Village, Jebres, Surakarta who experienced joint pain due to gout, carried out once every morning for 3 consecutive days within 20 minutes.  Results: there was a decrease in the intensity of gout pain after giving therapy to Mrs.  Y from a pain scale of 6 to a pain scale of 3 and in Mrs.  M from a pain scale of 5 to a pain scale of 2. Conclusion: the application showed that after applying a warm compress on Moringa leaves there was a change in the intensity of pain in both respondents.

Osteoarthritis is often found in the elderly which is characterized by damage to the cartilage located in the joints caused by mechanical or biochemical stress on the body. Most osteoarthritis is found in the knee joint with complaints of pain and decreased range of motion. Its management can be carried out with non-pharmacological therapy, namely stretching exercise therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stretching exercise therapy on decreasing the pain scale and increasing the range of motion of the knee joint in osteoarthritis patients. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-post test approach, a sample of 30 patients was obtained by total sampling technique. The instrument in this study was the verbal descriptor scale (VDS) pain scale observation sheet. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of the study before stretching exercise therapy showed that the knee joint pain scale in osteoarthritis patients averaged 4.50 and after stretching exercise therapy the knee joint pain scale decreased to 1.93. And the Wilcoxon signed rank test obtained a significance value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05) which means that there is an effect of stretching exercise therapy on reducing the knee joint pain scale in osteoarthritis patients. Stretching exercise therapy is able to optimally increase muscle flexibility and range of joint motion so that it can have the effect of reducing or eliminating joint pain.

Sectio caesarea is an artificial birth that is carried out by making an incision in the abdominal wall and uterine wall. After a caesarean section operation, the mother will feel pain and have an impact that will limit the mother's mobility. One way of non-pharmacological management to reduce post-cesarean section pain is by doing endorphin massage. To determine the results of the implementation of endorphin massage on the level of pain in post partum mothers with a history of caesarean section delivery in the Cempaka ward of RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. This research is a descriptive study in the form of a case study which was carried out on 2 respondents who were mothers post caesarean section by doing endorphin massage for 3 consecutive days with a frequency of 1x a day for 20 minutes. The assessment of the pain scale for the two mothers post sectio caesarea on the first day was on a moderate pain scale and on the third day after implementing endorphin massage, the respondents' pain scale decreased to a mild pain scale. There was a decrease in pain levels before and after endorphin massage was given to mothers post caesarean section in the Cempaka RSUD dr Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen.

During menstruation one of the most common complaints experienced by adolescents during menstruation caused by severe contractions of the uterine muscles is called dysmenorrhea. Almost all teenage daughters experience menstrual pain with levels of pain ranging from mild to severe. The absence of teenagers at school is one of the consequences of dysmenorrhea. Abdominal Stretching Exercise is an alternative non-pharmacological therapy option that can reduce dysmenorrhea. During exercise, there will be an increase in the levels of endorphins produced in the brain and also in the spinal cord nerve structure. To find out the impact of abdominal stretching exercises on decreased dysmenorrhea in teenage girls. This type of research is pre-experimental with the design of one group pretest posttest with a sample of 26 respondents. The research tools used in this data collection are the numeric rating scale questionnaire sheet and the observation sheet. The abdominal stretching exercise is performed on the first day of menstruation twice with a duration of 15 minutes. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Before performing abdominal stretching exercises some respondents experienced severe to moderate pain. The Wilcoxon test results showed an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of <0.05 which means there is an effect of Abdominal Stretching Exercise on Dismenorean Pain Reduction in Teenage Girls. The abdominal stretching exercises have an effect on dismenoreal pain reduction in teenage girls.

Background: Adolescence is a dynamic developmental phase in a person's life. One of the biological signs of youth is the start of menstruation by teenagers. Many young women experience menstrual problems, one of which is dysmenorrhoea. Dysmenorrhea is caused by increased production of endometrial alpha prostaglandin, resulting in dysrhythmic uterine contractions and increased uterine muscle tone which results in uterine ischemia. Dysmenorrhea treatment can be done using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Pharmacologically, menstrual pain can be treated with medication. Meanwhile, non-pharmacologically, menstrual pain can be treated with dysmenorrhoea exercises Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of dysmenorrhea exercise on dysmenorrhea in young women at junior high school 23 Bandar Lampung.  Method: Pre-experiment with one group pretest – posttest design, technique simple random sampling, sample of 26 teenagers, questionnaire instrument Numeric Rating Scale and Wilcoxon test. Research result: Before carrying out the Dysmenorrhea exercise, all respondents experienced pain which was quite disruptive to their activities during Dysmenorrhea, whereas after implementing the Dysmenorrhea exercise, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in the level of pain. Test results Wilcoxon shows the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) value <0.05, which means there is an influence of Dysmenorrhea Exercise on reducing Dysmenorrhea pain in young women. Conclusion: There is an effect of dysmenorrhea gymnastics on dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.    

Menstruation or menstruation is a sign that the reproductive system and organs in women are functioning. Menstruation causes various complaints such as discomfort caused by excessive bleeding during menstruation and complaints of pain known as dysmenorrhoea. Around 55 percent of women of childbearing age in Indonesia suffer from menstrual pain. Non-pharmacological therapies that can treat dysmenorrhoea are warm compresses and ginger aromatherapy. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses on menstrual pain in adolescents. The research design uses a quasi-experimental with control group design. The intervention group was given ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses on the first day of menstruation, while the control group was not given any intervention. Data analysis used the Mann Whitney test. The population in this study were all class IX female students at Sriwijaya Middle School, Palembang. The sampling technique used purposive sampling totaling 30 respondents. The menstrual pain scale uses the Numeric Ratting Scale (NRS). The results of the Mann Whitney test obtained a p value of 0.001, meaning that there was a difference in the pain scale in the intervention group that was given ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses for menstrual pain in teenagers compared to the control group that was not given the intervention. It is recommended that health workers intensify education regarding complementary therapies in reducing menstrual pain in adolescents.

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a stretch of the median nerve caused by pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel when the nerve passes through the tunnel. So that pain, paraesthesia, and numbness appear in the area through which the median nerve passes. Purpose: This case report was aimed to determine the effect of physiotherapy interventions in the form of Ultrasound Therapy, Wrist Stretching, and Tendon Gliding exercise on a female patient aged 66 years. Method: A Case report was conducted 3 times over two weeks by evaluating pain using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), a wide range of motion using a goniometer, and the patient’s functional activity using the DASH questionnaire. Result: There was a decrease in motion pain from the value of the NRS scale 6 to the NRS scale 4, and tenderness from the value of the NRS scale 2 to the NRS scale 1. An increase in the range of motion of the joint in dorsiflexion and active palmar flexion movements from T1 (S: 40̊ - 0̊ - 45̊) to T3 (S: 40̊ - 0̊ - 45̊), in the active radial and ulnar deviation movements from T1 (F: 15̊ -  0̊ - 20̊) to T3 (F: 15̊ -  0̊ - 25̊). Functional improvement in patients with DASH results from 61 to 50. Conclusion: The effects of ultrasound therapy, wrist stretching, and tendon gliding exercises are that they can reduce pain, increase ROM, and increase functional activity in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Introduction: acute postpartum pain is caused by physiological changes that occur in postpartum mothers such as degeneration and necrosis at the placenta, the return of the uterus to its pre-pregnant condition, and changes in the vulva and vagina, in which case postpartum mothers need knowledge in providing warm compress relaxation therapy to reduce the pain felt after childbirth. Purpose: This case study is to analyze the implementation of warm compresses on Mrs. K, postpartum pregnancy serotinous patient with a nursing diagnosis of acute pain in Gincu Room 1, Indramayu Regional Hospital. Method: The method in this writing uses a case study. Data collection uses nursing care process which includes assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation and evaluation. As well as NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) as a pain scale instrument. Results and Discussion: before the warm compress was applied, the pain scale was 9 (0-10) with a response to complaints of pain, the patient grimaced, said he had difficulty sleeping, the patient only focused on himself and did not follow orders. After 2 days of giving the warm compress for 15 minutes, there was a change in the scale pain becomes 5 (0-10) with the response to the patient's complaint of pain, the grimace has decreased, the patient can sleep, the patient can focus and follow orders well. Conclusion: based on the implementation of warm compresses that have been carried out on Mrs. For postpartum pregnancy serotinous patients with a nursing diagnosis of acute pain in the Gincu Room 1, Indramayu Regional Hospital, the problem of acute pain in the patient can be resolved and the patient's outcome target is achieved.

Background: Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a birth process through surgery in the abdominal area which will cause disruption of tissue and nerve continuity, resulting in pain in the post section caesarean incision area. Efforts to reduce pain with pharmacological and non pharmacological techniques, one of the non-pharmacological techniques is distraction techniques. This distraction technique is used to divert attention to pain and reduce pain. One effective distraction technique is murottal therapy. Murottal therapy is a form of nursing care, which teaches patients to provide therapy by listening to verse from the holy Koran. Objective: This case study is to determine the development of pain before and after the implementation of Murottal Quran therapy in Mrs. A with acute pain Post Sectio Caesarea at RSUD Indramayu. Method: This case study is a descriptive method with a case study approach and uses a nursing process approach. Results: There was a decrease in the pain scale in Mrs. A post caesarean section at Indramayu Regional Hospital from the moderate pain scale category to the mild pain scale category. Conclusion: Al-Quran murottal therapy has a positive impact on patients with acute pain post Sectio caesarea.

SA survey by the Indonesian Ministry of Health found that 25% of fracture sufferers died, 45% experienced physical disabilities, 15% experienced psychological stress due to anxiety and even depression and 10% recovered well. Both open and closed fractures will affect nerve fibers which can cause pain and discomfort. Efforts that can be made to reduce pain in fracture patients are with one of the non-pharmacological techniques, namely guided imagination. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of guided imagination on reducing pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Hospital 2024. The type of research is Quasi Experiment research with a One Group Pre-test Post-test design. The population in this study were all fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in the period 4 March - 2 April 2024, totaling 52 people and the sample was taken using a purposive sampling method, namely 35 people. Data collection used a numerical scale research instrument sheet or The Pain Numerical Rating Scale (PNRS). The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of this study show that statistical analysis showed that the difference in average pain intensity in fracture patients before guided imagination was 6.83 and after guided imagination was 3.46 with a probability value of (p=0.000), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that guided imagination had an effect on reducing the intensity. pain in fracture patients. In conclusion, there is an effect of providing guided imagery on pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in 2024.

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the world. In general, this pain is caused by muscle stretching and increasing age which will cause the intensity of exercise and movement to decrease. This will cause the back and abdominal muscles to become weak. Objective: In this study, to analyze the effect of warm compresses of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District. Method: Using a one group pre test-post test design, this research design is included in the Pre-Experimental research type and the sample size is 56 fishermen using instruments in the form of SOPs and observation sheets. The analysis used is the Willcoxon test. Results: It was found that there was an effect of warm red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) compresses on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: There is an influence between the pain scale before and after being given a warm compress of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District.  

Background: Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is a condition when the pad or disc (soft gel disc or nucleus pulposus) between the vertebrae (spine) comes out of its original position or is torn and pinches the nerve behind it. Many people know it as "pinched nerve". HNP most often occurs in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (waist) vertebrae. The neck has 7 vertebrae. Cervical HNP (pinched neck nerve) most often affects the C6-C7 segment followed by the C5-6 segment because this segment is the part that moves most often and is easily affected by the degeneration process. Neck HNP most often occurs in men aged 45-55 years. Risk factors that increase the appearance of cervical HNP or pinched neck nerves include genetics, smoking, being overweight (obesity), work that often involves bending over and lifting heavy objects or operating machines with vibrating forces, and injury. Nerve mobilization in the Upper Limb Tension Test ( ULTT) is performed on branches of the Brachial plexus such as the radial nerve, median nerve and ulnar nerve. But here the author only discusses ULTT on the median nerve, namely ULTT 1 which is related to CTS. The aim is to determine physiotherapy management and the effect of Ultrasoundtherapy therapy and nerve mobilization using the ULTT 1 method in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on reducing pain and increasing the functional ability of the hand. Two group pre test and post test method. RESEARCH PLACE: Physiotherapy clinic, RSU Sidoarjo. TIME: Measuring instrument: Visual Analouge Scale (VAS). Results: treatment using the Mann-Whtney test. With confidence interval (CI) (95%) The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in pain in group 1 (p = 0.00) and group 2 (p = 0.00). But there was no significant difference between the two groups in pain improvement (p = 0.152), so there was no better treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that ULTT is useful in treating cervical HNP patients to reduce pain in two groups. The targeted outcomes are publications in national journals indexed by Sinta and HAKI. The TKT target for implementing this gamelan accompaniment exercise is level 2.

Background : A fracture is a broken bone caused by traumatic bone injury and weak physical strength. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020 the incidence of fractures is increasing, recording fractures occurring in approximately 13 million people with a prevalence rate of 2.7%. Fractures occurred in approximately 15 million people in 2019. Purpose : To find out the results of the implementation of finger grip relaxation therapy to reduce post-operative fracture pain in Flamboyan Room 7 RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Method : This application uses a case study method with a research sample of 2 respondents, research instruments using observation sheets and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale measurements. Results : Before the finger grip therapy was given, the patient experienced moderate pain, and after the finger grip therapy was given, the patient experienced a decrease in pain to mild pain. Conclusion : In this application, finger grip therapy has the effect of reducing the pain scale in post-fracture surgery patients.

Post Sectio Caesarea mothers will feel pain in the incision wound or surgical area. Pain will hinder Activities of Daily Living (ADL), attachment bonding and mobilization due to an increase in pain intensity when the mother moves. One of the non-pharmacological pain management methods is massage. The massage that can be done on Post Sectio Caesarea mothers is foot massage, because the nocireceptors or nerves that initiate the sensation of pain are located on the surface of the internal tissue and under the dense skin of the feet. Objective: To determine the results of the implementation of foot massage on the pain level of clients after caesarea section surgery at Kartini Karanganyar Regional Hospital. This research is a case study with a pre-experimental method with one group pre test-post test design. Using 2 respondents, pre-test and post-test pain scale measurements were carried out. Foot massage was carried out once with a duration of 20 minutes for 2 days, the pain scale was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The client's pain scale after caesarea section surgery before being given foot massage was in the moderate scale category and after being given foot massage it became light scale pain. There is a decrease in the client's pain scale after caesarea section surgery before and after being given foot massage in the Teratai 1 Room at Kartini Karanganyar District Hospital.  

Background: Surgery is an invasive medical procedure to diagnose or treat a disease, which causes pain. Postoperative pain is a common and frequent problem. Early mobilization is very important as a gradual return to the previous mobilization stage. Early mobilization is carried out in stages to reduce the intensity of pain felt by the patient by carrying out early ambulation in stages from the first 8 hours. Objective: To determine the results of implementing early mobilization to reduce pain intensity in post-operative patients at the Cempaka HCU, Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Method: This type of research is descriptive research in the form of a case study. Involving 2 post-operative patients. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) questionnaire. Results: research shows that before implementing early mobilization on Mr. S, an NRS score of 8 (severe pain) was obtained, while for Mrs. S obtained an NRS score of 4, likewise for Mrs. Conclusion: After applying early mobilization for 3 consecutive days to Mr.S and Mrs.N, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in the level of pain in both patients.    

Background : Based on the WHO suevey around 529 million people around the world suffer from osteoartgritis. In Indonesia people who ferment arthritis disease numer 181,556. Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive joint disorder that typically occurs in middle to old age with reference to cartilage damage located in bone joints. In osteoarthritis a deterioration of the caetilage tissue in the joint region will result in pain and rigidity that lead to motion impairment. Non pharmalogical therapy is recommended with steaming giner stew. Objective The ginger stew therapy is for lowering the scale of pain in oldet osteoarthritis. Method :  The research used was a descriptive study using case study methods. The subject pf the board’s diagnosis is two osteoarthritis respondens. Result : A case dtudy has shown that there has been a decline in the scare of pain in older osteoarthritis. Conclusion : The progression of the scales of pain before and after application of the ginger stew made 2 respondents had a decrease I the scale of the pain with a 2-3 scale

Background: Pain is the reason most frequently complained by patients to seek help from a health facility and this condition almost always indicates a disease condition or pathological process. Surgery as one of the causes of pain is an invasive medical procedure used to diagnose or treat disease, injury or body deformity. Objectives: To determine the effect of early mobilization on reducing the pain scale in post-operative patients at K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang. Methods: This type of research is descriptive research in the form of a case study in November 2023 at K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang. The sample was 2 post-operative patients. Data analysis by changing the data obtained in narrative form and interpreting the results. Findings: In the first respondent, after early mobilization for 3 days, the pain scale decreased from scale 6 (moderate pain) to scale 2 (mild pain), in the second respondent, before early mobilization for 3 days, the pain scale decreased from scale 7 (severe pain) to scale 3 (mild pain). Implications: provide information for nurses and future researchers regarding early mobilization as a development of nursing interventions to reduce postoperative pain

Surgery is an invasive treatment that involves opening a part of the body through an incision which ends with closing or suturing the wound. Molecular mechanisms for treating pain have led to the development of multimodal analgesia, combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Benson Relaksası is a development of the deep breathing relaxation method by involving the patient's key factors which can create a calm environment. To find out the results of applying Benson relaxation therapy to reduce pain intensity in post laparotomy patients at HCU Cempaka Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. This type of research is descriptive research in the form of a case study. Involving 2 post-operative patients. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) questionnaire. The results of the study showed that before applying Benson relaxation therapy to Mr. M, an NRS score of 7 (severe pain) was obtained, while for Mrs. Trn.M obtained an NRS score of 3, indicating both patients experienced mild pain after the intervention.  After applying benson relaxation for 3 consecutive days on Mr. M and Mrs. H, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in the level of pain in both patients.