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Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health issue, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, contributing to maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The second trimester, marked by increased iron needs due to plasma volume expansion and fetal growth, is critical for preventing anemia. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), rich in micronutrients, may serve as an effective nutritional intervention to enhance hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. This study aimed to assess the impact of moringa leaf supplementation on hemoglobin levels in second-trimester pregnant women. Using a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, the study was conducted at the Tadoy Community Health Center in Bolaang Mongondow Regency from October to November 2025, involving 25 pregnant women selected via purposive sampling. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the supplementation. Data analysis, including the Shapiro-Wilk test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, indicated significant changes in hemoglobin levels (p = 0.000). The results showed a notable increase in hemoglobin levels post-supplementation, supporting the potential of moringa leaves as a safe, affordable, and effective intervention. This finding suggests that moringa leaves could be integrated into antenatal care and nutrition education to help prevent anemia in pregnant women.  

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in Indonesia's economy but face significant challenges in maintaining consistent and sustainable performance amidst changing market dynamics. This study aims to explore how self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation influence MSME performance in Malang City using an exploratory phenomenological qualitative approach. Twelve informants with at least two years of business experience and active operations were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed using an inductive approach, and processed until data saturation was reached. The study found that MSME actors' self-efficacy is shaped by accumulated real experiences, including both successes and failures, which contribute to meaningful learning. Entrepreneurial motivation rooted in personal values was found to be stronger and more enduring than extrinsic motivation. The study identified a cyclical interaction between self-efficacy and motivation, reinforcing each other in fostering adaptive entrepreneurial behavior. Additionally, external factors such as family support, entrepreneurial communities, and government programs play a significant role in sustaining these psychological factors. This research contributes to entrepreneurship literature and offers practical recommendations for stakeholders to design more holistic MSME empowerment programs with tangible impact.

Eukaryotic microorganisms, particularly fungi and protists, play a vital role in ecosystems, as well as in microbiology studies and biology education. The complex structure of eukaryotic cells, such as a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, enables these two groups to perform diverse physiological functions and adapt to their environments. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the structure and function of eukaryotic cells in fungi and protists and their implications for biology learning. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach through analysis of relevant scientific sources. The results of this study indicate that understanding the structure of eukaryotic cells in fungi and protists is not only important in the context of microbiology but also contributes to strengthening understanding of the concept of cell structure and function and making biology learning more contextual and meaningful.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in promoting economic growth and improving community welfare, particularly at the regional level. In Nagekeo Regency, the ikat weaving craft sector represents an important local economic potential that also carries significant cultural value. However, weaving entrepreneurs still face several challenges, including limited business capital, restricted market access, and low utilization of digital technology for product marketing. This study aims to analyze the role of the Department of Cooperatives, Industry, and Trade of Nagekeo Regency in empowering MSME actors, particularly ikat weaving groups. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The study involved 18 informants consisting of local government officials, MSME actors, and institutional partners selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the department performs facilitative, educative, and technical roles in empowering weaving groups through production training, digital marketing assistance, provision of business facilities, and technical guidance on product innovation. These programs contribute to improving weavers’ skills, product quality, and market opportunities, although their implementation still faces limitations related to budget constraints and uneven program coverage.

Public space revitalization is an important strategy in urban development aimed at improving the quality of urban environments while stimulating social interaction and local economic activities. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Motang Rua Field revitalization program in Manggarai Regency and assess the extent to which the program achieved its intended development objectives. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with key informants including local government officials, project contractors, small business actors, and community members, as well as documentation related to the revitalization program. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that the revitalization program demonstrates a high level of relevance to community needs and aligns with the regional development vision of Ruteng Kota Molas. The implementation process shows strong coherence through effective inter-institutional coordination and consistency between planning and execution. The revitalization has also proven effective in improving public facilities, enhancing community social activities, and stimulating local economic growth through increased micro and small business activities. Furthermore, the program was implemented efficiently in terms of budget management and project timeline. The revitalization also contributes to strengthening socio-cultural values through the preservation of the historical figure Motang Rua and shows strong sustainability potential through increased public utilization of the revitalized space.

Diabetic foot ulcer is a disease of the feet of DM sufferers with the characteristics of sensory, motor, autonomic neuropathy as well as macrovascular and microvascular disorders. Diabetic foot injuries are one of the complications that DM sufferers fear because they can result in amputation. Modern Dressing wound treatment with the Moist Wound Healing method is effective in healing ulcer wounds in DM patients. The wound healing method aims to maintain the moisture of the wound by using a moisture-retaining bandage so that wound healing and tissue growth can occur naturally. To determine nursing care in dm patients with leg injuries the application of Modern Dressing wound care using metcovazin and foam in diabetic ulcer patients. This study presents a descriptive study describing the treatment of ulcer wounds in DM patients with Modern Dressing wound treatment using a case study approach. Based on the results of the application of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) dapart, it is concluded that the application of Modern Dressing wound care is more effective than conventional wound treatment. as evidenced by the change in the decreased score in Mrs. N with 3 intervention processes, namely by decreasing the initial score of 30 down to 22 after Modern Dressing wound treatment. Modern dressing is more effective for diabetic foot ulcer care because it accelerates new tissue growth, reduces pain, and lowers the risk of infection.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) constitute the backbone of Indonesia's national economy, contributing approximately 61% of GDP and absorbing 97% of the total workforce; however, the majority of MSME actors, particularly in eastern Indonesia, continue to face structural barriers in digital technology adoption and capital access that constrain optimal business performance. This study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of marketing digitalization and business capital on MSME performance in Ambon City. A quantitative approach with associative-causal design was employed, involving 30 respondents selected through purposive sampling from active MSME operators in Ambon City. Data were collected via a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS version 26, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. Results demonstrate that marketing digitalization exerts a positive and significant partial effect on MSME performance (t = 8.060; sig. = 0.000; β = 1.061), establishing it as the most dominant predictor in the model. Conversely, business capital shows no significant partial effect (t = 0.746; sig. = 0.462), attributable to the homogeneity of capital access among MSME actors in archipelagic regions. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence MSME performance (F = 287.070; sig. = 0.000), with an exceptionally high R Square of 0.955, indicating that 95.5% of performance variance is collectively explained by the two predictors. These findings underscore the critical role of digital marketing capabilities over financial resources alone in archipelagic contexts. It is recommended that the Ambon City Government integrate digital marketing literacy training programs synergistically with inclusive financing schemes to comprehensively strengthen MSME competitiveness across the Maluku archipelago.

The rapid development of the digital ecosystem has encouraged Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Ambon City to adopt online platform-based marketing strategies in response to changing consumer behavior that is increasingly digitally connected. This research focuses on MSME consumers in Ambon City who actively interact with local business products through digital platforms. The main problems identified include low digital marketing adoption by local MSME actors, limited empirical studies on Eastern Indonesia context, and the absence of an integrative analytical model that simultaneously tests three dimensions of digital marketing. This research aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing strategies encompassing social media marketing, paid digital advertising, and content marketing on consumer purchasing decisions of MSMEs in Ambon City. This study employs a quantitative approach with a survey design involving 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis after passing classical assumption tests covering normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Results show that social media marketing has a significant effect with a regression coefficient of 0.387, paid digital advertising with a coefficient of 0.312, and content marketing with a coefficient of 0.274, all significant at the 0.05 level. Simultaneously, the three variables explain 67.1% of variation in consumer purchasing decisions with an F-count of 65.847. Social media marketing is proven as the most dominant dimension shaping consumer purchasing decisions of MSMEs in Ambon City. This research concludes that an integrated and contextual digital marketing strategy is a crucial instrument in driving MSME growth in Eastern Indonesia and recommends strengthening digital capacity of local business actors as a priority policy for regional MSME empowerment.Keywords: digital marketing; purchasing decision; MSMEs; social media; Ambon City

This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of KUB chickens fed with a combination of fermented agricultural waste, specifically Maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens) and Azolla microphylla. A total of 96 KUB chickens aged 30 days were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a basal diet substituted with the fermented waste combination at levels of 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% (P3). Parameters observed included feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The results showed that increasing the level of waste substitution significantly affected feed consumption due to the bulky nature of the fiber, yet body weight gain remained stable across all treatments. The FCR values ranging from 3.21 to 3.25 indicated that the high-quality protein from Maggot BSF effectively compensated for the reduced feed intake. It is concluded that the substitution of fermented agricultural waste up to 15% (P3) is an optimal and efficient formulation to maintain the growth performance of KUB chickens.

This study aims to examine and analyze the role of interest rates in strengthening or weakening the effect of Tax Planning and Financial Distress on Firm Value. This research employs a quantitative approach. The population of this study consists of consumer non-cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020-2024, totaling 128 companies. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 42 companies that met the specified criteria, with a total of 210 observations. Panel Data Linear Regression Analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) were conducted using Microsoft Excel and E-Views version 12. The results indicate that Tax Planning has no significant effect on Firm Value, while Financial Distress has a significant effect on Firm Value. Regarding the moderating variable, the interest rate is unable to strengthen or weaken the effect of Tax Planning on Firm Value; however, Interest Rates are able to moderate (weaken) the effect of Financial Distress on Firm Value.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), sometimes referred to as tic doloureaux or Fothergill disease, is a facial nerve disorder that is widely recognized as one of the most excruciating human ailments. It is characterized by sudden, severe, and recurrent episodes of facial pain that can significantly impair a patient’s quality of life. Oral medications are commonly used as first-line therapy; however, they fail to provide long-term relief in approximately half of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. This condition often leads to repeated clinical visits and the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. A 26-year-old woman presented with complaints of severe, intermittent, and sharp pain localized to her left cheek, consistent with the clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia. Several minimally invasive and surgical treatment options are available for managing this condition, including radiofrequency procedures and microvascular decompression. However, these approaches still carry certain risks and may not be acceptable to all patients. Due to its lower risk profile, ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block can serve as an effective and safer alternative treatment, particularly for patients who refuse or are not suitable candidates for invasive or surgical interventions.

The advancement of digital technology has created significant opportunities for micro enterprises to expand their market reach through various digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the digital marketing strategy and marketing performance measurement of Fairy Charm, a micro-scale beaded accessories business based in Malang, Indonesia. An exploratory case study method was employed, with data collected through observation, documentation, and digital metrics analysis. The findings reveal that Fairy Charm simultaneously implements a multi-platform digital marketing strategy across Instagram, TikTok, Shopee, WhatsApp Business, and Google My Business, guided by a 4P marketing mix approach. Performance metrics indicate 194 profile visits, 418 total social media impressions, 20 business interactions, and 40 products sold with an average order value of IDR 250,000. Although brand awareness remains limited, consistent visual content strategy and multi-platform management proved effective in establishing an online presence for a newly established business. This study provides practical insights for creative MSMEs in designing and measuring digital marketing strategies during the early stages of business development.

With growing antimicrobial resistance becoming a major health concern, there is an urgent need to explore alternative treatment options. This study examined the efficacy of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) against eight microorganisms commonly implicated in vaginal infections. We tested three Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis) along with five bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The agar dilution test was performed at concentrations ranging from 0.0001M to 0.7M of CSP. We obtained an effect of CSP antimicrobial, which was concentration-dependent. Concentrations low ( ≤ 0.007M) did not influence growth significantly. We observed partial growth inhibition at medium concentrations (0.05-0.07M, equivalent to approximately 780 -1092 µg/ml) of the solution. The growth of bacteria and yeasts was fully inhibited at 0.05M and 0.07M, respectively. The dose required to kill the organisms (not merely inhibit their growth) was 0.25M (approximately 2014 µg/ml) across all microorganisms used, and we verified this by observing no growth when samples were inoculated into fresh media. These findings have indicated that CSP possesses good antimicrobial efficacy against typical vaginal pathogens at doses that may be applied in topical therapies. However, some additional research is required, especially the research that will investigate the toxicity on human cells and the production of suitable formulations to be used clinically.

East Flores Regency possesses a rich diversity of local wisdom, including ikat weaving, oral traditions, and various cultural practices that hold significant potential for development within the creative economy sector. The utilization of this local wisdom by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) not only contributes to improving community welfare but also serves as a means of cultural preservation. This study aims to analyze the role of Qwatex Handycraft MSME in preserving Lamaholot local wisdom while simultaneously acting as a driver of the local economy. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews and document analysis. Data analysis is conducted through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Qwatex Handycraft plays a strategic role in cultural preservation by developing ikat-based products combined with modern design innovations. In addition, this MSME contributes to the local economy by empowering weaving artisans and surrounding communities, thereby creating employment opportunities and increasing income levels. Another significant role is its educational function, introducing cultural values to younger generations through creative products that align with contemporary trends. However, the business still faces several challenges, including limited capital, low digital literacy, and restricted market access. Therefore, continuous support from the government and relevant stakeholders is needed, particularly in terms of capacity building, financial facilitation, and strengthening marketing strategies, so that MSMEs based on local wisdom can develop sustainably and remain competitive.

Wolowiro Village, Paga District, Sikka Regency possesses abundant coconut resources; however, their utilization remains limited and has not yet generated optimal economic value for the local community. This community service program aimed to improve community knowledge and skills in processing coconuts into Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a value-added product with the potential to increase household income. The program employed socialization activities, presentations, educational video screenings, and hands-on training in VCO production using the fermentation method. Participants included village officials, housewives, and local residents who were actively involved in all stages of the training, including raw material selection, coconut grating, coconut milk extraction, fermentation, oil separation, and final product filtration. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and practical skills related to VCO production. Community members were able to independently produce VCO and showed strong enthusiasm for developing coconut-based micro-enterprises. Furthermore, the program increased public awareness of the importance of utilizing local resources as economically valuable products. Therefore, VCO production training can serve as an effective community empowerment strategy to support economic development and improve community welfare through the utilization of local agricultural resources.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMNeg) in Makariki possess regional economic potential. However, business managers face cash flow recording obstacles. They have not implemented standard bookkeeping. This community service aims to provide training and mentoring in financial document preparation using the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities framework. The implementation method consists of preparation, execution, and evaluation stages. The execution stage includes initial testing, material presentation, interactive discussion, and final testing. Evaluation results indicate this program resolves participants' financial literacy problems. Participants' understanding regarding bookkeeping accounts and calculating profit and loss increased. Participants can compile drafts of income statements, financial positions, and supporting notes independently. In conclusion, intensive mentoring changes participants' mindsets from conventional management to a more structured one. Systematic bookkeeping helps participants separate personal and business assets. These records also serve as administrative requirements to access additional capital from banks or government assistance programs. This program supports the transparency and accountability of village fund management through BUMNeg.

This research aims to comprehensively map how the participatory mentoring model functions as a catalyst in the transformation of agency and social position of women, particularly in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. This review evaluates the dialectics between external interventions and the transformation of patriarchal social structures at the local level. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, adopting the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A systematic search was conducted on the Scopus database for empirical peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2026. Through stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected for analysis using a thematic synthesis approach. The thematic analysis resulted in five main clusters: (1)Gender-specific institutional interventions are more effective through the social enterprise model than through pure philanthropy.(2)Multidimensional structural barriers such as cultural norms and political instability continue to limit women's bargaining positions. (3)The transformation of agency often occurs through quiet encroachment in public spaces.(4)Cultural capital in traditional entrepreneurship serves as an instrument of economic autonomy while preserving identity. (5)Collective action becomes a determining factor in shifting gender norms and achieving holistic well-being. The transformation of women's social position requires an active negotiation process supported by gender-conscious structural changes, rather than mere income enhancement. Participatory mentoring must shift from mere technical transfer to a knowledge partnership capable of dismantling patriarchal narratives and building women's agency as autonomous subjects of development.

This study aims to analyze the impact of inflation on the profitability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in traditional markets. Inflation influences key business aspects, including rising production costs, declining consumer purchasing power, and instability in input prices, all of which can disrupt business performance. The research employed a quantitative approach using survey data collected from MSME actors to assess these effects. The findings reveal that inflation has a significant negative impact on MSME profitability, particularly through the reduction of profit margins. This occurs as businesses face higher raw material costs while simultaneously experiencing a decline in sales volume due to weakened consumer demand. As a result, many MSMEs struggle to maintain financial stability and sustain their operations under inflationary pressure. These findings highlight the need for adaptive strategies among MSMEs, such as cost efficiency and pricing adjustments. Additionally, the study offers important policy implications for the government to support MSMEs through targeted interventions, including price stabilization measures and financial assistance programs, in order to maintain business resilience and economic sustainability.

Human resources are a strategic asset for an organization because they play a crucial role in increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of the organization, one of which is through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). OCB is influenced by various factors, both internal and external, including work-life balance, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction on OCB among employees of PT Asuransi BRI Life, Jakarta Regional Office 3. This study used a quantitative approach with a causal associative approach. The sample size was 75 employees, selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression using Microsoft Excel 2021 and IBM SPSS version 22.0. The results showed that partially, work-life balance had a positive and significant effect on OCB, while perceived organizational support and job satisfaction did not significantly influence OCB. However, simultaneously, all three variables significantly influenced OCB.

This study aims to analyze the forms and strategies of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) empowerment implemented in Sukadamai Village, Lemito District, Pohuwato Regency; to examine the roles of business actors, village government, and the social environment in supporting MSME empowerment; and to identify the impact of MSME empowerment on family economic independence. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the Head of Sukadamai Village and 12 MSME actors as key informants. The findings reveal that MSME empowerment in Sukadamai Village has been implemented through the provision of business equipment assistance and informal mentoring activities. However, such support remains limited and has not been distributed evenly across all MSME sectors. The village government primarily functions as a facilitator and initial supporter, while MSME actors play an active role in sustaining their businesses as the main source of household income, supported by family members and the surrounding social environment. The impact of MSME empowerment on family economic independence is reflected in households’ ability to meet their basic needs independently and reduce their reliance on external assistance. Nevertheless, the level of economic independence achieved remains relatively limited due to the absence of structured business development programs and inadequate financial management practices.