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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in Indonesia's economy but face significant challenges in maintaining consistent and sustainable performance amidst changing market dynamics. This study aims to explore how self-efficacy and entrepreneurial motivation influence MSME performance in Malang City using an exploratory phenomenological qualitative approach. Twelve informants with at least two years of business experience and active operations were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed using an inductive approach, and processed until data saturation was reached. The study found that MSME actors' self-efficacy is shaped by accumulated real experiences, including both successes and failures, which contribute to meaningful learning. Entrepreneurial motivation rooted in personal values was found to be stronger and more enduring than extrinsic motivation. The study identified a cyclical interaction between self-efficacy and motivation, reinforcing each other in fostering adaptive entrepreneurial behavior. Additionally, external factors such as family support, entrepreneurial communities, and government programs play a significant role in sustaining these psychological factors. This research contributes to entrepreneurship literature and offers practical recommendations for stakeholders to design more holistic MSME empowerment programs with tangible impact.

Eukaryotic microorganisms, particularly fungi and protists, play a vital role in ecosystems, as well as in microbiology studies and biology education. The complex structure of eukaryotic cells, such as a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, enables these two groups to perform diverse physiological functions and adapt to their environments. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the structure and function of eukaryotic cells in fungi and protists and their implications for biology learning. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach through analysis of relevant scientific sources. The results of this study indicate that understanding the structure of eukaryotic cells in fungi and protists is not only important in the context of microbiology but also contributes to strengthening understanding of the concept of cell structure and function and making biology learning more contextual and meaningful.

Diabetic foot ulcer is a disease of the feet of DM sufferers with the characteristics of sensory, motor, autonomic neuropathy as well as macrovascular and microvascular disorders. Diabetic foot injuries are one of the complications that DM sufferers fear because they can result in amputation. Modern Dressing wound treatment with the Moist Wound Healing method is effective in healing ulcer wounds in DM patients. The wound healing method aims to maintain the moisture of the wound by using a moisture-retaining bandage so that wound healing and tissue growth can occur naturally. To determine nursing care in dm patients with leg injuries the application of Modern Dressing wound care using metcovazin and foam in diabetic ulcer patients. This study presents a descriptive study describing the treatment of ulcer wounds in DM patients with Modern Dressing wound treatment using a case study approach. Based on the results of the application of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) dapart, it is concluded that the application of Modern Dressing wound care is more effective than conventional wound treatment. as evidenced by the change in the decreased score in Mrs. N with 3 intervention processes, namely by decreasing the initial score of 30 down to 22 after Modern Dressing wound treatment. Modern dressing is more effective for diabetic foot ulcer care because it accelerates new tissue growth, reduces pain, and lowers the risk of infection.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in promoting economic growth and improving community welfare, particularly at the regional level. In Nagekeo Regency, the ikat weaving craft sector represents an important local economic potential that also carries significant cultural value. However, weaving entrepreneurs still face several challenges, including limited business capital, restricted market access, and low utilization of digital technology for product marketing. This study aims to analyze the role of the Department of Cooperatives, Industry, and Trade of Nagekeo Regency in empowering MSME actors, particularly ikat weaving groups. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The study involved 18 informants consisting of local government officials, MSME actors, and institutional partners selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the department performs facilitative, educative, and technical roles in empowering weaving groups through production training, digital marketing assistance, provision of business facilities, and technical guidance on product innovation. These programs contribute to improving weavers’ skills, product quality, and market opportunities, although their implementation still faces limitations related to budget constraints and uneven program coverage.

Public space revitalization is an important strategy in urban development aimed at improving the quality of urban environments while stimulating social interaction and local economic activities. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Motang Rua Field revitalization program in Manggarai Regency and assess the extent to which the program achieved its intended development objectives. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with key informants including local government officials, project contractors, small business actors, and community members, as well as documentation related to the revitalization program. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that the revitalization program demonstrates a high level of relevance to community needs and aligns with the regional development vision of Ruteng Kota Molas. The implementation process shows strong coherence through effective inter-institutional coordination and consistency between planning and execution. The revitalization has also proven effective in improving public facilities, enhancing community social activities, and stimulating local economic growth through increased micro and small business activities. Furthermore, the program was implemented efficiently in terms of budget management and project timeline. The revitalization also contributes to strengthening socio-cultural values through the preservation of the historical figure Motang Rua and shows strong sustainability potential through increased public utilization of the revitalized space.

The rapid development of the digital ecosystem has encouraged Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Ambon City to adopt online platform-based marketing strategies in response to changing consumer behavior that is increasingly digitally connected. This research focuses on MSME consumers in Ambon City who actively interact with local business products through digital platforms. The main problems identified include low digital marketing adoption by local MSME actors, limited empirical studies on Eastern Indonesia context, and the absence of an integrative analytical model that simultaneously tests three dimensions of digital marketing. This research aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing strategies encompassing social media marketing, paid digital advertising, and content marketing on consumer purchasing decisions of MSMEs in Ambon City. This study employs a quantitative approach with a survey design involving 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis after passing classical assumption tests covering normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Results show that social media marketing has a significant effect with a regression coefficient of 0.387, paid digital advertising with a coefficient of 0.312, and content marketing with a coefficient of 0.274, all significant at the 0.05 level. Simultaneously, the three variables explain 67.1% of variation in consumer purchasing decisions with an F-count of 65.847. Social media marketing is proven as the most dominant dimension shaping consumer purchasing decisions of MSMEs in Ambon City. This research concludes that an integrated and contextual digital marketing strategy is a crucial instrument in driving MSME growth in Eastern Indonesia and recommends strengthening digital capacity of local business actors as a priority policy for regional MSME empowerment.Keywords: digital marketing; purchasing decision; MSMEs; social media; Ambon City

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) constitute the backbone of Indonesia's national economy, contributing approximately 61% of GDP and absorbing 97% of the total workforce; however, the majority of MSME actors, particularly in eastern Indonesia, continue to face structural barriers in digital technology adoption and capital access that constrain optimal business performance. This study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of marketing digitalization and business capital on MSME performance in Ambon City. A quantitative approach with associative-causal design was employed, involving 30 respondents selected through purposive sampling from active MSME operators in Ambon City. Data were collected via a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS version 26, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. Results demonstrate that marketing digitalization exerts a positive and significant partial effect on MSME performance (t = 8.060; sig. = 0.000; β = 1.061), establishing it as the most dominant predictor in the model. Conversely, business capital shows no significant partial effect (t = 0.746; sig. = 0.462), attributable to the homogeneity of capital access among MSME actors in archipelagic regions. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence MSME performance (F = 287.070; sig. = 0.000), with an exceptionally high R Square of 0.955, indicating that 95.5% of performance variance is collectively explained by the two predictors. These findings underscore the critical role of digital marketing capabilities over financial resources alone in archipelagic contexts. It is recommended that the Ambon City Government integrate digital marketing literacy training programs synergistically with inclusive financing schemes to comprehensively strengthen MSME competitiveness across the Maluku archipelago.

This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of KUB chickens fed with a combination of fermented agricultural waste, specifically Maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens) and Azolla microphylla. A total of 96 KUB chickens aged 30 days were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a basal diet substituted with the fermented waste combination at levels of 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% (P3). Parameters observed included feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The results showed that increasing the level of waste substitution significantly affected feed consumption due to the bulky nature of the fiber, yet body weight gain remained stable across all treatments. The FCR values ranging from 3.21 to 3.25 indicated that the high-quality protein from Maggot BSF effectively compensated for the reduced feed intake. It is concluded that the substitution of fermented agricultural waste up to 15% (P3) is an optimal and efficient formulation to maintain the growth performance of KUB chickens.

This study aims to examine and analyze the role of interest rates in strengthening or weakening the effect of Tax Planning and Financial Distress on Firm Value. This research employs a quantitative approach. The population of this study consists of consumer non-cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020-2024, totaling 128 companies. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 42 companies that met the specified criteria, with a total of 210 observations. Panel Data Linear Regression Analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) were conducted using Microsoft Excel and E-Views version 12. The results indicate that Tax Planning has no significant effect on Firm Value, while Financial Distress has a significant effect on Firm Value. Regarding the moderating variable, the interest rate is unable to strengthen or weaken the effect of Tax Planning on Firm Value; however, Interest Rates are able to moderate (weaken) the effect of Financial Distress on Firm Value.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), sometimes referred to as tic doloureaux or Fothergill disease, is a facial nerve disorder that is widely recognized as one of the most excruciating human ailments. It is characterized by sudden, severe, and recurrent episodes of facial pain that can significantly impair a patient’s quality of life. Oral medications are commonly used as first-line therapy; however, they fail to provide long-term relief in approximately half of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. This condition often leads to repeated clinical visits and the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. A 26-year-old woman presented with complaints of severe, intermittent, and sharp pain localized to her left cheek, consistent with the clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia. Several minimally invasive and surgical treatment options are available for managing this condition, including radiofrequency procedures and microvascular decompression. However, these approaches still carry certain risks and may not be acceptable to all patients. Due to its lower risk profile, ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block can serve as an effective and safer alternative treatment, particularly for patients who refuse or are not suitable candidates for invasive or surgical interventions.

This study aims to analyze the forms and strategies of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) empowerment implemented in Sukadamai Village, Lemito District, Pohuwato Regency; to examine the roles of business actors, village government, and the social environment in supporting MSME empowerment; and to identify the impact of MSME empowerment on family economic independence. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the Head of Sukadamai Village and 12 MSME actors as key informants. The findings reveal that MSME empowerment in Sukadamai Village has been implemented through the provision of business equipment assistance and informal mentoring activities. However, such support remains limited and has not been distributed evenly across all MSME sectors. The village government primarily functions as a facilitator and initial supporter, while MSME actors play an active role in sustaining their businesses as the main source of household income, supported by family members and the surrounding social environment. The impact of MSME empowerment on family economic independence is reflected in households’ ability to meet their basic needs independently and reduce their reliance on external assistance. Nevertheless, the level of economic independence achieved remains relatively limited due to the absence of structured business development programs and inadequate financial management practices.

Biofloc technology is a super-intensive fish cultivation method, which benefits heterotrophic bacteria to harvest organic chemical compounds and amines from fish metabolic residues to be converted into bacterial proteins. The use of probiotics is very important to be carried out in cultivation activities, Probiotics are living microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on humans by balancing the microflora in their intestines. The bacteria in probiotics have a mechanism in forming several enzymes for feed digestion. This study aims to determine the effect of administering Pro Top probiotics with different doses on the absolute weight growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Probiotics are mixed with feed with a biofloc cultivation system. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications, namely by adding different doses to the treatment. Treatment A (0.5 grams / kg), B (1 gram / kg), C (2 grams / kg) and D (5 grams / kg). The parameters observed are absolute weight growth. Supporting parameters for air quality are temperature, pH, and DO. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Based on the results of the study, it shows that administering different doses of Pro Top probiotics has a significant effect on the absolute weight growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Treatment A (0.5 grams/kg) gave the lowest absolute weight growth of 31.05 grams and treatment D (5 grams/kg) gave the highest absolute weight growth of 40.30 grams. Air quality parameters including air temperature ranged from 25.3 – 26.1°C, acidity level around 7.5 – 8.0. And dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.7 – 5.3 ppm. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the three air quality parameters showed no difference between the treatments of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).  

This study aims to analyze the influence of the physical work environment (X1), work-life balance (X2), and job satisfaction (X3) on employee performance (Y) at Grand Serela Hotel Bandung. The method used in this study is a non-probability technique with saturated sampling, with a population of 56 hotel employees. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression, assisted by SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 2019. The results showed that the physical work environment (X1) has a significant influence on employee performance (Y), which indicates that the physical condition of the workplace can increase employee productivity and performance. However, work-life balance (X2) does not have a significant effect on employee performance, which may indicate that other factors outside of work-life balance affect employee performance. Job satisfaction (X3) also has a significant effect on employee performance, indicating that a high level of job satisfaction can improve overall employee performance. This study provides insights for hotel management to improve employee performance through improving the work environment and increasing job satisfaction.

The advancement of digital technology has created significant opportunities for micro enterprises to expand their market reach through various digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the digital marketing strategy and marketing performance measurement of Fairy Charm, a micro-scale beaded accessories business based in Malang, Indonesia. An exploratory case study method was employed, with data collected through observation, documentation, and digital metrics analysis. The findings reveal that Fairy Charm simultaneously implements a multi-platform digital marketing strategy across Instagram, TikTok, Shopee, WhatsApp Business, and Google My Business, guided by a 4P marketing mix approach. Performance metrics indicate 194 profile visits, 418 total social media impressions, 20 business interactions, and 40 products sold with an average order value of IDR 250,000. Although brand awareness remains limited, consistent visual content strategy and multi-platform management proved effective in establishing an online presence for a newly established business. This study provides practical insights for creative MSMEs in designing and measuring digital marketing strategies during the early stages of business development.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a significant public health problem that can increase the risk of maternal and fetal complications. One of the main strategies to prevent anemia is the administration of Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS), which provide essential vitamins and minerals during pregnancy. However, the effectiveness of MMS in preventing anemia is closely related to the level of knowledge pregnant women have about its use. Therefore, understanding the relationship between knowledge about MMS and anemia incidence is crucial to improving maternal health outcomes (Rahmawati et al., 2023). Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge level about Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS) and the incidence of anemia among pregnant women in the working area of Dr. Hi. Zainal Umar Sidiki Hospital, North Gorontalo. Methods: This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 30 pregnant women were selected as the sample using purposive sampling techniquesResults: The study found that the majority of participants who had high knowledge levels about MMS had a lower incidence of anemia, while those with low knowledge levels had a higher incidence. These results highlight that knowledge about MMS strongly influences pregnant women’s adherence and effectiveness in preventing anemia. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge level about Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS) and the incidence of anemia. Improving maternal knowledge about MMS through health education, counseling, and guidance from healthcare providers is essential to prevent anemia and support optimal pregnancy outcomes.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMNeg) in Makariki possess regional economic potential. However, business managers face cash flow recording obstacles. They have not implemented standard bookkeeping. This community service aims to provide training and mentoring in financial document preparation using the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities framework. The implementation method consists of preparation, execution, and evaluation stages. The execution stage includes initial testing, material presentation, interactive discussion, and final testing. Evaluation results indicate this program resolves participants' financial literacy problems. Participants' understanding regarding bookkeeping accounts and calculating profit and loss increased. Participants can compile drafts of income statements, financial positions, and supporting notes independently. In conclusion, intensive mentoring changes participants' mindsets from conventional management to a more structured one. Systematic bookkeeping helps participants separate personal and business assets. These records also serve as administrative requirements to access additional capital from banks or government assistance programs. This program supports the transparency and accountability of village fund management through BUMNeg.

Wolowiro Village, Paga District, Sikka Regency possesses abundant coconut resources; however, their utilization remains limited and has not yet generated optimal economic value for the local community. This community service program aimed to improve community knowledge and skills in processing coconuts into Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a value-added product with the potential to increase household income. The program employed socialization activities, presentations, educational video screenings, and hands-on training in VCO production using the fermentation method. Participants included village officials, housewives, and local residents who were actively involved in all stages of the training, including raw material selection, coconut grating, coconut milk extraction, fermentation, oil separation, and final product filtration. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and practical skills related to VCO production. Community members were able to independently produce VCO and showed strong enthusiasm for developing coconut-based micro-enterprises. Furthermore, the program increased public awareness of the importance of utilizing local resources as economically valuable products. Therefore, VCO production training can serve as an effective community empowerment strategy to support economic development and improve community welfare through the utilization of local agricultural resources.

Human resources are a strategic asset for an organization because they play a crucial role in increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of the organization, one of which is through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). OCB is influenced by various factors, both internal and external, including work-life balance, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction on OCB among employees of PT Asuransi BRI Life, Jakarta Regional Office 3. This study used a quantitative approach with a causal associative approach. The sample size was 75 employees, selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression using Microsoft Excel 2021 and IBM SPSS version 22.0. The results showed that partially, work-life balance had a positive and significant effect on OCB, while perceived organizational support and job satisfaction did not significantly influence OCB. However, simultaneously, all three variables significantly influenced OCB.

With growing antimicrobial resistance becoming a major health concern, there is an urgent need to explore alternative treatment options. This study examined the efficacy of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) against eight microorganisms commonly implicated in vaginal infections. We tested three Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis) along with five bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The agar dilution test was performed at concentrations ranging from 0.0001M to 0.7M of CSP. We obtained an effect of CSP antimicrobial, which was concentration-dependent. Concentrations low ( ≤ 0.007M) did not influence growth significantly. We observed partial growth inhibition at medium concentrations (0.05-0.07M, equivalent to approximately 780 -1092 µg/ml) of the solution. The growth of bacteria and yeasts was fully inhibited at 0.05M and 0.07M, respectively. The dose required to kill the organisms (not merely inhibit their growth) was 0.25M (approximately 2014 µg/ml) across all microorganisms used, and we verified this by observing no growth when samples were inoculated into fresh media. These findings have indicated that CSP possesses good antimicrobial efficacy against typical vaginal pathogens at doses that may be applied in topical therapies. However, some additional research is required, especially the research that will investigate the toxicity on human cells and the production of suitable formulations to be used clinically.

The rapid acceleration of the digital economy has positioned Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) at a strategic crossroads. This study investigates the impact of digital marketing and social media marketing on the performance of SMEs in Binjai, North Sumatra, while exploring the mediating role of Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM). Utilizing a quantitative approach with a sample of 182 SME owners, data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and path analysis via SPSS 26. The findings demonstrate that digital marketing and social media marketing initiatives significantly and positively influence business performance, accounting for 54.2% of the variance. Notably, social media marketing emerged as the most dominant predictor, fostering high levels of customer engagement. Furthermore, path analysis reveals that e-WOM serves as a critical mediator; effective social media strategies stimulate authentic digital testimonials, which subsequently enhance consumer trust and sales volume. This research concludes that for SMEs in emerging local markets like Binjai, the orchestration of digital reputation through e-WOM is fundamental to achieving sustainable competitive advantage in an increasingly volatile digital landscape.