Publication Search

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the SAP accounting information system in supporting the implementation of the Independent Learning–Independent Campus (MBKM) Internship Program at PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk, Gedangan Unit. SAP, as an integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, was adopted to replace the previous desktop-based system, which had significant limitations, such as restricted local access, dependence on additional licenses, and lower integration capabilities across departments. The main objective of this research is to determine how SAP contributes to improving organizational efficiency while simultaneously providing practical learning opportunities for students participating in the MBKM internship program. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation of company operations, semi-structured interviews with student interns and field supervisors, and analysis of company documentation. The findings indicate that the use of SAP has enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and speed in recording and reporting financial transactions. Through their internship, students engaged directly in business processes, particularly in handling purchase requisitions, reimbursement procedures, and asset management activities. This exposure enabled students to develop a deeper understanding of integrated financial systems and the workflow of a large-scale agribusiness corporation. Although several technical challenges were encountered, particularly in the form of temporary network disruptions, such issues did not substantially hinder the system’s overall performance. The availability of prompt technical support from the company’s IT team minimized potential negative impacts and ensured system continuity. Beyond improving corporate financial governance, SAP also offered valuable experiential learning for interns, bridging theoretical knowledge acquired in academic settings with real-world industrial applications. Overall, the study concludes that SAP functions not only as a strategic enterprise tool for the company but also as an effective educational medium that supports the success of the MBKM internship program.

This paper explores the transformative influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on the accounting profession, particularly within the Accountant General of the Federation (OAGF). The research investigates how AI-driven innovations are reshaping traditional accounting practices and redefining the role of accountants. By conducting a systematic literature review, this study identifies three primary dimensions of AI’s impact: the automation of repetitive tasks such as data entry, transaction processing, and reconciliation; enhanced data analytics capabilities, which include predictive modeling and real-time decision support; and the evolution of accountants' roles toward more strategic and value-added activities, such as financial advisory and risk management. The automation of routine processes through AI allows accountants to focus on higher-level tasks that require judgment, creativity, and expertise, ultimately enhancing the overall efficiency of the accounting function. Furthermore, AI’s advanced data analytics tools provide more accurate insights, enabling accountants to offer more effective financial guidance and make more informed decisions. As AI reduces the time spent on manual processes, accounting professionals can improve their role in advising on business strategy, improving risk management, and identifying new growth opportunities. The study’s findings underscore the importance of embracing AI in the accounting profession, not only to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and scale operations but also to enable accountants to stay competitive in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. The paper concludes by emphasizing that adopting AI is essential for accountants to remain relevant and continue providing valuable contributions to their organizations. Future research should focus on the long-term implications of AI on accounting ethics and the development of necessary skills for accounting professionals to thrive in the age of AI.

The Dandu Bridge is one of the important infrastructures that functions as a land transportation link on the Suko-Sowominangun section, Lamongan Regency. The current condition shows that the bridge surface has suffered a lot of damage in the form of holes that can interfere with the smooth flow of traffic and endanger the safety of road users. Therefore, regular maintenance is needed so that the function of the bridge as a public facility remains optimal. One of the maintenance methods used is the Detailed Bridge Inspection Report (LPMJ), which aims to identify the condition of the bridge components as a whole. Field work practices carried out by students of the Lamongan Institute of Technology and Business in March-April 2025 are a means to understand the factors that cause damage. The results of the observation show that the damage is not only caused by structural factors, but also by non-structural aspects such as lack of awareness of road users and lack of communication with the surrounding community. Therefore, intensive education is needed for the community regarding the importance of maintaining the sustainability of the bridge's function, including the installation of proper traffic signs to minimize damage. In the LPMJ method, the upper structure components examined include floor plates, girders, and joints. Meanwhile, the lower structure includes pillars, abutments, and foundations. The bridge equipment that was observed included sidewalks, waterways, and railings. Maintenance should not only be focused on physical improvements, but also on social management that involves the active participation of the community, especially in areas with high traffic intensity. In conclusion, the maintenance efforts of the Dandu Bridge require an integrated approach that combines technical improvements and social empowerment, so that the sustainability of its function can be maintained for the long term.

Vocational education in Indonesia faces a serious challenge in the form of a gap between the competencies of Vocational High School (SMK) graduates and the evolving needs of the workforce. Timika City, despite having the largest number of vocational high schools (SMK) in Papua, has not yet fully demonstrated optimal educational management quality, particularly in the aspect of school administration. This condition has resulted in low effectiveness in data recording, documentation of industrial work practices, and reporting and evaluation of partnerships with the business and industrial world (DUDI). This study aims to explore and analyze administrative management strategies that can improve educational quality while strengthening the work readiness of vocational high school students in Timika City. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis of secondary data, including government policy reports, educational statistics, and the latest scientific literature. The results show that weaknesses in the administrative system are one of the factors inhibiting the achievement of competitive vocational education quality. The implementation of management strategies based on Total Quality Management (TQM) principles, particularly through the Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle, data-driven decision-making, and the involvement of all school elements, has proven effective in increasing the efficiency and accountability of administrative services. The discussion also emphasized the importance of transformational leadership from school principals, developing the competencies of administrative staff, utilizing information technology in administrative systems, and strengthening strategic partnerships with the industrial and industrial sectors (DUDI). Therefore, it can be concluded that school administrative management is not merely a technical function, but rather a strategic component in building a vocational education ecosystem that is adaptive, relevant, and oriented to the needs of the workplace. This research recommends that school policymakers and local governments strengthen administrative governance systems to support educational quality and improve the job readiness of vocational high school graduates.

The problem of household organic waste management, especially kitchen waste, is still an environmental challenge that has not been handled optimally. In fact, this waste has great potential to be used as environmentally friendly products. One solution that can be applied is the manufacture of eco-enzymes, which are fermented liquids from organic waste that function as a substitute for synthetic chemicals in various household and agricultural purposes. This community service activity aims to increase the awareness and skills of residents in managing organic waste through the creation of eco-enzymes as a tangible form of applying the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principle. The activity was carried out in Kedu Village by involving PKK women, PSRT members, the Farmer Women Group (KWT), and housewives. The methods used include counseling on the impact of household waste and the benefits of eco-enzymes, as well as direct practice of making eco-enzymes accompanied by Mrs. Faila and students of the Real Work Lecture (KKN) of Tidar University. The implementation process includes sorting kitchen waste, mixing fermentation ingredients, and monitoring yields during the incubation period. The results of the activity show that the community is able to understand the concept and techniques of making eco-enzymes well. The active participation of residents in hands-on practice reflects increased knowledge and skills in independent organic waste management. In addition, this activity encourages the formation of new sustainable habits in utilizing household waste, while reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals. Thus, this service makes a positive contribution to environmental conservation efforts and local community empowerment through educational and applicative approaches.

This study aims to describe the types and functions of directive speech acts found in Indonesian language learning interactions at SMP Negeri 3 Gianyar. Employing a descriptive qualitative research design, the data were obtained through note-taking and recording of teacher–student interactions during classroom activities. The analysis followed four main stages: data reduction, data collection, data display, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. Directive speech acts, which are utterances intended to prompt the listener to perform a specific action, are an essential component of classroom discourse, as they directly influence student participation, classroom management, and instructional clarity. The findings reveal a total of 109 directive speech act utterances produced by both teachers and students. These utterances are categorized into six types: 18 requests, 52 questions, 22 commands, 3 prohibitions, 10 permissions, and 4 pieces of advice. Each type of directive speech act is used to achieve specific communicative purposes. Further analysis identified 11 distinct functions realized within these utterances, namely: requesting, inviting, pleading, asking, wishing, demanding, directing, instructing, prohibiting, permitting, and advising. For instance, teachers predominantly employed questioning and commanding functions to guide learning processes, check comprehension, and maintain classroom order, while students tended to use requesting and asking functions to seek clarification or assistance. The results of this research highlight the significant role of directive speech acts in facilitating interactive and goal-oriented communication in the language learning environment. Understanding the types and functions of such speech acts can provide valuable insights for educators in designing effective communication strategies that foster active learning, encourage student engagement, and create a positive classroom atmosphere. This study contributes to the broader field of pragmatics and educational linguistics by emphasizing the practical application of speech act theory in Indonesian language teaching contexts.

Quality education services are closely linked to the effectiveness of financial and asset governance within local government institutions. This study aims to explore in depth the strategic role of the Finance and Assets Subdivision in enhancing the effectiveness of education services under the Central Kalimantan Provincial Education Office. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis was carried out following the Miles and Huberman model, which involves data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the Finance Subdivision plays a critical role in needs-based budget planning, ensuring that financial allocations align with educational priorities and policies. It manages key funding sources such as School Operational Assistance (BOS) and Special Allocation Funds (DAK) with a focus on transparency, accountability, and timely reporting. Meanwhile, the Asset Subdivision contributes through systematic recording, equitable distribution, and optimal utilization of regional property. These responsibilities are supported by regular training programs and consistent monitoring to ensure that facilities remain functional and beneficial for educational purposes. The implementation of integrated digital management systems, such as SIMDA, SIKD, and SIPKD, has significantly improved data accuracy, accessibility, and overall management efficiency. These systems allow for more transparent governance and facilitate informed decision-making at the institutional level. The study concludes that the active and coordinated role of the Finance and Assets Subdivision forms a strong foundation for professional, efficient, and sustainable education governance. The findings suggest that strengthening human resource capacity, enhancing interdepartmental coordination, and further integrating digital information systems are essential strategies to improve the quality and equity of education services in the region. Such improvements will contribute to achieving better educational outcomes and fostering public trust in government-managed education services.

The implementation of the Regional Government Information Sistem (Sistem Informasi Pemerintahan Daerah, SIPD) represents a strategic initiative to strengthen transparency, accountability, and efficiency in regional financial management. Designed to integrate financial data and facilitate standardized reporting across local government units, SIPD is regulated under Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 70 of 2019. However, in practice, the adoption of SIPD in various regions, including Rote Ndao Regency, encounters persistent technical and administrative challenges that limit its optimal utilization. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of SIPD in managing regional finances within Rote Ndao Regency. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, direct observation of system operations, and analysis of relevant documents. The findings reveal that SIPD implementation in Rote Ndao generally complies with the regulatory framework, indicating that the system has been formally adopted and is operational within the expected governance structure. Nonetheless, several issues undermine its effectiveness, including frequent system errors, limited functionality in accounting and reporting modules, and delays in data entry from organizational units. These limitations affect the timeliness, accuracy, and integration of financial reports, ultimately constraining decision-making processes. The study suggests that to fully realize SIPD’s potential, strategic improvements are required. These include enhancing the capacity and skills of human resources responsible for system operation, upgrading IT infrastructure to ensure system stability, and expanding SIPD’s features to meet practical accounting and reporting needs. The research contributes valuable insights for regional governments, policymakers, and system developers, emphasizing the need for continuous system refinement, targeted training programs, and infrastructure investment. By addressing these challenges, SIPD can serve as a more reliable and sustainable tool for promoting transparent and accountable regional financial governance.

Health problems are a major problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. The Community Health Center (Puskesmas) is a first-level health service facility that organizes and coordinates promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and/or palliative health services in its working area. The purpose of this study is to understand the function of Puskesmas management in assessing the performance of Puskesmas in the working area of ​​the Mantup Puskesmas. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research, the location of the study is the Mantup Puskesmas, Mantup District, Lamongan Regency, the informants in this study were the head of the Puskesmas, the person in charge of cluster 1, the person in charge of cluster 2, the person in charge of cluster 3, the person in charge of cluster 4 and the person in charge of cross-cluster Puskesmas Mantup. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation and document searches, data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the research for planning at the Mantup Puskesmas have been implemented well. Organizational efforts have been suboptimal, as some sub-health centers only have midwives as regional supervisors. Implementation is suboptimal due to limited staffing at sub-health centers. Supervision at Mantup Health Center has been functioning well and is being implemented regularly, but performance data is not yet available.Timely input into the existing application, considering the large number of applications that must be completed by service officers and program implementers at the Mantup Community Health Center. Suggestions included establishing a regional development team at the Assistant Community Health Center to optimize village activities, advising the Health Office on integrating health service applications at the Community Health Center, and innovations to improve Community Health Center performance.  

This study aims to analyze the application of accounting information systems in cash receipts and expenditures and assess their contribution to the effectiveness of internal control at the Sekoto Putro Showroom in Kediri. The research methodology employed is a qualitative approach, with data gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that the current accounting information system is still manual and lacks standard operating procedures (SOPs). The process of cash receipt and disbursement is managed by the finance department under the direct supervision of the owner, who also functions as the primary controller. The owner’s consent is required for all large transactions, and internal control is implemented informally through cash checks and transaction authorizations. However, there are notable weaknesses, including the absence of a clear separation of duties and a lack of a well-documented recording and authorization system. These weaknesses pose risks to the efficiency and reliability of financial management and internal control. Consequently, this study recommends the implementation of a computer-based accounting system, the creation of written SOPs, and a more defined separation of financial duties. Such changes are expected to enhance the effectiveness of internal control, improve operational efficiency, ensure more accurate record-keeping, and minimize the risk of financial losses in showroom cash management. By transitioning to a formalized and computerized system, the showroom can streamline its processes and safeguard its financial resources, ensuring long-term sustainability and growth. This research highlights the need for modernizing accounting practices to foster better financial governance and strengthen internal controls in small to medium-sized businesses.

The management of blood glucose levels in individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is a multifaceted process that involves the integration of pharmacological therapy and evidence-based nutritional interventions. Among these strategies, nutritional therapy plays a pivotal role in achieving optimal glycemic control and preventing diabetes-related complications. The success of nutritional therapy is closely tied to the individual’s adherence to prescribed dietary guidelines and the ability to meet adequate protein intake as recommended by healthcare providers. Protein is essential not only for maintaining muscle mass and supporting metabolic functions but also for its role in stabilizing blood glucose levels through slower glucose absorption and enhanced satiety. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dietary adherence and adequate protein intake with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels among outpatients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung. A quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 26 respondents selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires to assess dietary compliance, interview forms to capture dietary behavior and protein intake patterns, and medical record documentation to obtain accurate FBG measurements. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation tests for normally distributed data and Spearman rho tests for non-normally distributed data, ensuring appropriate analytical rigor. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between both dietary adherence and adequate protein intake with fasting blood glucose levels. This finding suggests that individuals who consistently follow dietary recommendations and consume sufficient protein tend to exhibit lower FBG values, indicating better glycemic control. Such results underscore the importance of not only emphasizing dietary compliance but also ensuring protein adequacy in daily nutritional plans for type 2 diabetes patients. These findings have practical implications for diabetes management programs, highlighting the necessity of sustained patient education, regular counseling, and individualized meal planning.

This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of homesickness, or homesickness, particularly experienced by first-year college students. The transition from home life to a new campus environment often causes psychological stress, especially for those living away from family for the first time. One form of this stress is homesickness, which can impact students' mental, social, and academic well-being. This study used a literature review method, a data collection and analysis technique that involves identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing the results of previous research. In this study, the authors reviewed 15 scientific articles that directly discussed homesickness, as well as one additional article that discussed the literature review method. The results indicate that homesickness is a complex emotional condition, characterized by feelings of sadness, loneliness, and impaired concentration that arise due to separation from a familiar home environment. Factors contributing to homesickness include a lack of social support, strong emotional attachment to family, and an inability to adapt to a new environment. The forms of homesickness can vary, from mild to disruptive to daily functioning. Symptoms can include physical complaints, sleep problems, and decreased motivation. Several prevention and management strategies that can be implemented include strengthening social support, developing coping skills, and campus-based psychological interventions. By understanding the characteristics of homesickness, it is hoped that campuses and students can take proactive steps to address it.

Digital transformation in government governance demands an integrated information system capable of increasing efficiency, transparency, and accountability. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the use of the Secretariat and Supporting Elements Integration System Application (Si-SEKRUP) at the Communication and Informatics Office of Central Java Province. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data triangulation techniques in the form of documentation, observation, and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Si-SEKRUP has a positive impact on administrative management. This application is able to accelerate administrative processes by up to 50% compared to the previous manual system. In addition, electronic document recording encourages transparency, while digital and real-time asset monitoring strengthens institutional accountability. Resource efficiency has also increased, as seen from the significant reduction in paper use, in line with the principles of green office. The research findings are linked to the theory of organizational effectiveness and Management Information Systems (MIS), where Si-SEKRUP is assessed to have met the indicators of accuracy, timeliness, relevance, and efficiency of information. This indicates that the application can function as a supporting tool in strategic and operational decision-making within government organizations. However, optimizing the application's use still faces challenges, particularly related to the need for employee training and consistent managerial support. With strengthened human resource capacity and leadership commitment, Si-SEKRUP has the potential to become an effective and sustainable integrated information system model supporting digital-based bureaucratic reform.

This study explores the strategic use of garbarata as an advertising medium at Minangkabau International Airport, Padang. The garbarata, which is a connecting bridge between the terminal and the aircraft, has great potential as an exclusive advertising space and has high exposure to passengers. However, this potential has not been optimally maximized. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with airport management, direct observation of the garbarata conditions, and analysis of documentation related to advertising policies and non-aeronautical asset management. The results of the study indicate that there are several main obstacles in the use of garbarata as a promotional medium. These obstacles include minimal promotional activities to potential advertisers, unclear pricing systems for advertising space rentals, lack of collaboration with advertising agencies, and limitations in the provision of design services and visual creativity. This has led to low interest of companies in utilizing this media as part of their marketing strategy. To overcome these problems, this study proposes several development strategies, including: increasing active and planned promotional activities, setting flexible and competitive rental prices, strategic collaboration with professional advertising agencies, and providing creative design services to support the effectiveness of advertising messages. This strategy is expected to attract more companies to advertise on the aerobridge, thereby increasing the airport's non-aeronautical revenue. With proper optimization, the aerobridge will not only serve as a functional passenger facility but can also transform into a strategic asset supporting the airport's sustainable commercial development and creating added value for both the operator and its business partners.

This community service program is designed to address the need for digitalization in administrative management and improve digital literacy in schools. The main focus of the activity is training on the use of Google Workspace as an integrated knowledge management system to improve work efficiency and collaboration among staff. Problems faced by schools include the continued use of manual administrative systems and a low understanding of how to use digital platforms. The training was conducted as a workshop with a learning-by-doing approach, allowing participants to learn directly and contextually. The training material covered the operation of various Google Workspace features, such as Google Forms, Sheets, Calendar, Docs, Drive, and Meet. This activity was designed so that participants not only understand the function of each application but also are able to integrate them into daily administrative activities. The training evaluation was conducted through pre- and post-tests, which showed a significant increase in participants' technical understanding. In addition to improving digital competency, this training also encouraged a shift in work culture towards a more collaborative, efficient, and data-driven one. The program's success demonstrates that digital transformation in educational environments can be achieved through an educational, participatory approach tailored to local needs. With positive results, this activity has the potential to be replicated in other educational institutions as a sustainable strategy for cloud-based administrative management. This training is proof that adopting digital technology in schools can strengthen administrative governance comprehensively and sustainably.

Museums as cultural preservation institutions have the responsibility to convey information about collections in an informative manner to the public. One of the historical events displayed at the Brawijaya Museum is Operation Trident in 1968. This research aims to design collection labels as an effective communication medium by considering aspects of archive classification, material selection, label design, and information readability. The method used is action research which is carried out through the planning and action stages. The label is designed using Art Paper material with a combination of black-and-white colors and Times New Roman fonts. This research not only emphasizes the aesthetic aspect, but also pays attention to the functional aspect in conveying messages to visitors. The label design process is carried out by paying attention to the suitability between historical content and the form of visual presentation, so that information can be conveyed in a concise, clear, and interesting manner. Effectiveness evaluation was carried out through the EPIC model approach to 105 respondents, including empathy, persuasion, impact, and communication indicators. The results of the study showed that the label was designed to be very effective as a communication medium for museums with high scores on all four indicators. The implication of this research is to improve the visitor experience in understanding the historical value of collections and the efficiency of archive management in the museum environment. In addition, the design of this label can be a reference for other museums in developing information media based on a visual communication approach that is right on target. Thus, the museum serves not only as a repository of artifacts, but also as an interactive and communicative educational center. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of integration between information technology and visual communication strategies in the management of modern museums. The use of professionally designed labels based on the results of empirical evaluation contributes to the improvement of the image of museum institutions in the eyes of the public. It is hoped that this approach can encourage museums to be more innovative in creating participatory learning experiences, especially for the younger generation.

The Law on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) by the Indonesian House of Representatives on February 4, 2025 has been ratified, and then signed by President Prabowo Subianto on February 24, 2025, destroying the concept of who the state administrators are as regulated in Law Number 28 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of a Clean State Free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism.Law No. 1 of 2025 concerning BUMN, places the directors, commissioners, and supervisors of the state-owned company not as state administrators. This means that the Corruption Eradication Commission or KPK can no longer handle law enforcement in BUMN if corruption occurs, except for the Police, Prosecutor's Office and BPK (supervision), as stated in Article 3X of Law No. 1 of 2025, which states that: "The Agency's organs and employees are not state administrators. It is emphasized again in Article 9G: Members of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, and Supervisory Board of BUMN are not state administrators". Meanwhile, financial supervision is still carried out by the Audit Board as stated in Article 3K: Audit of the management and financial responsibility of the Agency is carried out by the Audit Board. Although in the KPK Law, it is stated in Article 11 paragraph (1) that: "In carrying out the duties as referred to in Article 6 letter e, the Corruption Eradication Commission has the authority to conduct investigations, inquiries, and prosecutions against Corruption Crimes that: a. involve law enforcement officers, State Administrators, and other people related to Corruption Crimes committed by law enforcement officers or State Administrators; and/or b. involve state losses of at least IDR 1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah)".Therefore, the Law Order, the KPK must submit and obey to carry it out, because the Law (UU) functions as a basic or principal rule for organizing the state, regulating society, a tool to limit power, and as a means of social renewal. The Law also functions to regulate life in society, the nation, and the state and is expected to be able to resolve various problems that exist in society.In fact, the impact of corruption in BUMN is no joke. The destruction of economic growth, state and community income can be disrupted which results in direct state losses, but leads to the potential for increasing poverty and the loss of the government's safety net in the form of declining quality of public services and investor confidence in Indonesia, etc.

Silicotuberculosis is a complex lung disease, a combination of silicosis and tuberculosis (TB). Silicosis is a disease caused by the inhalation of silica particles, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis, while TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Long-term exposure to silica dust can cause silicosis and also increase the risk of TB infection, especially in countries with a high TB burden. Workers exposed to silica dust in the mining, construction, and manufacturing industries are among the groups most at risk. The diagnosis of silicotuberculosis is often difficult because the clinical and radiological symptoms of the two diseases often overlap. Symptoms, such as chronic cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain, can be very similar in silicosis and TB, often delaying a correct diagnosis. The pathophysiology of silicotuberculosis involves impaired function of macrophages, immune cells that play a role in fighting infection, and a compromised immune response due to silica exposure. These disruptions facilitate the progression of TB infection, further worsening the patient's health. Primary management of silicotuberculosis includes controlling TB infection with standard anti-tuberculosis drug therapy (OTT) and preventing silica exposure. Preventing occupational exposure to silica dust is crucial to reducing the risk of developing the disease. The prognosis of the disease is greatly influenced by the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and delay in diagnosis. The more severe the fibrosis, the worse the prognosis. Therefore, preventing silica dust exposure, along with routine TB screening for high-risk workers, is crucial to reducing the incidence of silicotuberculosis. Furthermore, education about the risks of the disease is crucial to raise awareness among workers and the general public.

. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role of management in enhancing organizational effectiveness. In the context of increasingly complex business dynamics, organizations require managerial approaches that are not only efficient but also adaptive to change. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach to examine classical to modern management theories, as well as core managerial functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Through literature studies and conceptual observations, the research finds that organizational effectiveness is significantly influenced by the consistency and integration of managerial functions, particularly in the context of strategic leadership and efficient resource management. Moreover, the organization’s flexibility in responding to external environmental changes and its ability to create a collaborative and productive work culture are critical success factors. A case study of PT Astra International Tbk serves as concrete evidence of how strategic and structured management can generate sustainable competitive advantages and growth. By applying managerial functions in an integrated manner and aligning them with market and organizational needs, the company maintains superior performance. This research contributes to the development of management science, particularly in the context of organizational effectiveness. The study recommends strengthening managerial capacity, developing visionary leadership, and establishing a result-oriented control system as essential strategies for improving organizational performance

This study explores the crucial role of legal certainty in the management of natural resources, with a focus on forest areas, as a key factor in ensuring a balanced approach to economic use, environmental sustainability, and the protection of community rights. Forests, both with and without tree cover, require clear legal frameworks to prevent overlapping claims, illegal activities, and degradation. The state's authority in regulating the status and function of forest areas is vital and must be supported by coherent, enforceable policies. Employing a normative juridical method, this research examines primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, particularly Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, to assess the extent to which Indonesia’s legal system provides certainty in forest area governance. The findings reveal that legal certainty is still challenged by overlapping regulations, inconsistencies in enforcement, and gaps between formal legal provisions and their implementation in the field. These issues often lead to land conflicts, unclear tenure rights, and unsustainable exploitation. Nevertheless, when implemented effectively, the legal framework has the potential to promote responsible management practices, preserve biodiversity, and safeguard indigenous and local communities' rights. The study underscores the need for harmonizing sectoral laws, strengthening institutional coordination, and improving transparency in forest area designation and use. Legal certainty is not only a prerequisite for sustainable development but also a cornerstone for legal justice and equitable resource governance. This paper contributes to the discourse on forest policy reform and aims to inform legislators, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in natural resources management about the importance of strengthening legal foundations for better governance and sustainability.