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Proper drug disposal is often perceived as a trivial matter by the public when dealing with medications that are no longer needed. However, improper disposal can effect on the economy, public health, and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to educate the public to improve their knowledge regarding appropriate drug disposal methods. Previous studies have shown that educational media can effectively increase public awareness and understanding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational leaflets in enhancing public knowledge about proper drug disposal. This experimental study involved an intervention using educational leaflets. A total of 100 respondents participated in the study. The intervention was conducted over three consecutive days. Pretest and posttest data were collected to assess changes in knowledge. Univariate analysis was used to describe respondent characteristics, while bivariate analysis (Wilcoxon test) was employed to compare pretest and posttest results. Pretest data indicated that the majority of respondents had only sufficient knowledge about drug disposal. Following the intervention, the number of respondents with sufficient knowledge decreased, while those categorized as having good knowledge increased. Statistically, a p-value of 0.000 demonstrated that the use of leaflets significantly improved knowledge level. Based on the results of this study, educational interventions, such as the distribution of leaflets, can effectively enhance public knowledge about proper drug disposal.

Prasman (Peperomia pellucida) merupakan tanaman obat yang diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas ekstrak metanol batang prasman terhadap mortalitas larva udang (Artemia salina L.) menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan memberikan ekstrak metanol batang prasman pada berbagai konsentrasi, yaitu 10, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, dan 10000 ppm serta kontrol. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase mortalitas larva setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode interpolasi dan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC₅₀. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak menyebabkan peningkatan mortalitas larva secara bertahap hingga mencapai 100% pada konsentrasi 10.000 ppm. Perhitungan LC₅₀ dengan metode interpolasi menghasilkan nilai 680,2 ppm pada pengujian pertama dan 529,66 ppm pada pengujian duplo. Analisis probit pada pengujian duplo menghasilkan nilai LC₅₀ sebesar 198,97 ppm. Nilai LC₅₀ yang berada di bawah 1000 ppm menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol batang prasman bersifat toksik terhadap larva Artemia salina dengan kategori moderat atau racun sedang. Aktivitas toksik tersebut diduga berasal dari kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam batang prasman seperti Flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan minyak atsirinya. Dengan demikian, ekstrak metanol batang prasman berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam bidang farmasi, khususnya sebagai kandidat antikanker, antimikroba, dan bioinsektisida alami.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may persist into adulthood and affect academic, social, and occupational functioning. In adult patients, ADHD is frequently associated with an increased risk of Substance Use Disorder (SUD), raising concerns regarding the potential for misuse and dependence related to stimulant medications used in ADHD therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for adult ADHD and to review the risk of stimulant misuse and dependence based on current scientific evidence. The method employed in this study was a literature review using data obtained from national and international journals indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar published between 2017 and 2026. The findings indicated that stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, were effective in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the central nervous system. Most studies reported that the use of stimulant medications at therapeutic doses and under medical supervision was not significantly associated with an increased risk of substance misuse or dependence. The risk of misuse was more commonly observed in cases involving non-medical use and inadequate clinical monitoring. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) also contributed to improving treatment outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the use of stimulant medications in adult ADHD patients may be considered relatively safe and effective when administered rationally, individually, and under appropriate medical supervision.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may persist into adulthood and affect academic, social, and occupational functioning. In adult patients, ADHD is frequently associated with an increased risk of Substance Use Disorder (SUD), raising concerns regarding the potential for misuse and dependence related to stimulant medications used in ADHD therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for adult ADHD and to review the risk of stimulant misuse and dependence based on current scientific evidence. The method employed in this study was a literature review using data obtained from national and international journals indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar published between 2017 and 2026. The findings indicated that stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, were effective in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the central nervous system. Most studies reported that the use of stimulant medications at therapeutic doses and under medical supervision was not significantly associated with an increased risk of substance misuse or dependence. The risk of misuse was more commonly observed in cases involving non-medical use and inadequate clinical monitoring. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) also contributed to improving treatment outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the use of stimulant medications in adult ADHD patients may be considered relatively safe and effective when administered rationally, individually, and under appropriate medical supervision.

Substance and prescription drug misuse among adolescents continues to escalate and demands targeted preventive strategies within the school setting. This community service activity aimed to enhance students’ knowledge about the hazards of drug abuse through an interactive, school-based educational intervention. The program was conducted on 11 November 2026 at SMA Negeri 7 Kota Batam, involving fifty grade-X students as participants. A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed. The intervention combined interactive lectures, real-case illustrations, and two-way discussion, with knowledge measured using a content-validated questionnaire covering ten indicators. The mean score improved from 55.2 (pretest) to 86.3 (posttest), a gain of 31.1 points, while the proportion of correct answers across indicators rose from 48.6-62.9% to 80.0-91.4%. The largest gains appeared on items concerning rational drug use and the importance of professional health guidance, whereas the legal-consequence indicator improved more modestly. Interactive, contextually relevant education proves effective in elevating adolescent knowledge of drug abuse hazards, with stronger gains on experience-near content than on abstract regulatory aspects.

This community service activity aimed to improve students’ knowledge and awareness regarding the dangers of vaping, free sex, and drug abuse among adolescents. The activity was conducted at SMAN 3 Lamongan on April 13, 2026, involving 28 students. The implementation method consisted of health counseling through material presentation using presentation media, interactive discussions, and evaluation using pretest and posttest methods. The materials covered the dangers of vaping and smoking, risky sexual behavior, and drug abuse. The results showed an increase in students’ knowledge after the counseling session. The average pretest score was 84.24%, which increased to 98.57% in the posttest. The Wilcoxon test result showed a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. This demonstrates that health education was effective in improving students’ knowledge related to healthy lifestyles and prevention of risky behaviors. Therefore, this activity is expected to serve as a promotive and preventive effort in shaping a healthy young generation that is aware of the importance of maintaining personal health

Penggunaan obat yang kurang tepat selama ibadah puasa masih menjadi permasalahan di masyarakat akibat keterbatasan pemahaman mengenai penyesuaian jadwal minum obat. Desa Banjarwati yang terletak di Kecamatan Paciran merupakan wilayah yang masih memerlukan peningkatan edukasi kesehatan, khususnya terkait penggunaan obat saat berpuasa. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 30 Januari 2026 di Apotek Tiara Farma, Desa Banjarwati, Kecamatan Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan. Metode yang digunakan berupa penyuluhan secara langsung melalui presentasi interaktif, diskusi, serta penggunaan media edukasi berupa leaflet dan poster. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pretest dan posttest untuk mengukur peningkatan pengetahuan peserta. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan rata-rata nilai pengetahuan dari 72,94 sebelum penyuluhan menjadi 92,94 setelah penyuluhan, dan analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p < 0,001 yang menandakan adanya perbedaan bermakna.

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratif dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat, terutama pada kelompok usia lanjut. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pencegahan dan pengelolaan diabetes melitus melalui edukasi pola hidup sehat dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Desa Sambirata dengan sasaran ibu-ibu Posyandu Lansia. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penyuluhan kesehatan, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu, dan edukasi pemanfaatan tanaman obatantidiabetes. Sebanyak 44 peserta mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan dan 71 peserta mengikuti pemeriksaan kesehatan. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan 29 peserta mengalami hipertensi, 3 peserta memiliki kadar gula darah di atas normal, dan 50 peserta memiliki faktor risiko diabetes melitus. Kegiatan ini meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pola hidup sehat serta penggunaan tanaman obat secara rasional dalam pencegahan diabetes melitus.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder often accompanied by auditory hallucinations and has a significant impact on patients’ psychosocial functioning. This condition can reduce medication adherence, thereby increasing the risk of relapse. In this context, the role of caregivers is crucial in supporting treatment success. This study aims to describe psychiatric nursing care for patients with auditory hallucinations in improving medication adherence through caregiver involvement. The method used is a case study with a nursing process approach, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Interventions focus on hallucination management, psychoeducation, and caregiver involvement in care. The results show an increase in patients’ and families’ knowledge regarding the illness and its treatment, improved medication adherence, and enhanced patient ability to control responses to auditory hallucinations. Caregiver involvement has been shown to assist in supervision and providing support to patients. Therefore, comprehensive psychiatric nursing care through hallucination management, psychoeducation, and caregiver involvement is effective in improving medication adherence and controlling symptoms in patients with auditory hallucinations.

The management of medicines and Medical Consumables (MCs) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospitals. Common problems include stock imbalances, such as shortages and overstocking, which negatively affect service efficiency, increase operational costs, and raise the risk of product expiration. These issues are often caused by inadequate planning that is not based on consumption data, as well as limited knowledge of pharmacy personnel in applying appropriate inventory control methods.This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of pharmacy staff in managing inventory using fast moving and slow moving methods based on real hospital data. The implementation method consisted of education, training, and hands-on mentoring conducted in several stages. The activity began with the analysis of medicine and medical consumables usage data from January to December 2025 at Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, followed by training on pharmaceutical logistics management, and continued with practical exercises on classification and inventory control. Evaluation was carried out through discussions, case studies, and observation of participants’ ability to apply the methods.The results showed that 50.7% of medicines and 52.4% of medical consumables were categorized as fast moving, while the remaining items were classified as slow moving. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of inventory classification, stock turnover analysis, and data-based planning. Participants were also able to identify items at risk of stock-outs and overstocking, enabling more appropriate control measures.This activity had a positive impact on the efficiency of pharmaceutical inventory management, reduced the risk of stock-outs and overstocking, and supported the improvement of healthcare service quality. Therefore, the fast moving and slow moving methods can be considered effective and applicable approaches for data-driven pharmaceutical inventory management in hospital settings

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

Hypertension is a chronic disease whose management is substantially determined by an individual's capacity to access and utilize health-related information. Inadequate health literacy may lead to poor medication adherence and diminished quality of life. This study aimed to examine the association between health literacy, medication adherence, and quality of life among hypertensive patients at Polresta Sleman. An observational analytic quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 80 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the HLS-ID-SF12, MARS-5, and WHOQOL-BREF instruments. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, while multivariate analysis applied multiple linear regression. Results revealed that health literacy significantly correlated with medication adherence (r = 0.469; p < 0.05) and quality of life (r = 0.447; p < 0.05). Medication adherence also demonstrated a significant correlation with quality of life (r = 0.615; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables accounted for 41.1% of the variance in quality of life (R² = 0.411; p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of jointly improving health literacy and medication adherence as an evidence-based strategy to optimize quality of life in hypertensive patients.

Hypertension is a chronic disease whose management is substantially determined by an individual's capacity to access and utilize health-related information. Inadequate health literacy may lead to poor medication adherence and diminished quality of life. This study aimed to examine the association between health literacy, medication adherence, and quality of life among hypertensive patients at Polresta Sleman. An observational analytic quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 80 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the HLS-ID-SF12, MARS-5, and WHOQOL-BREF instruments. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, while multivariate analysis applied multiple linear regression. Results revealed that health literacy significantly correlated with medication adherence (r = 0.469; p < 0.05) and quality of life (r = 0.447; p < 0.05). Medication adherence also demonstrated a significant correlation with quality of life (r = 0.615; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables accounted for 41.1% of the variance in quality of life (R² = 0.411; p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of jointly improving health literacy and medication adherence as an evidence-based strategy to optimize quality of life in hypertensive patients.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

Drug availability at community health centers is an important indicator of health service quality. Drug shortages or excesses may affect service effectiveness and budget efficiency. This study aimed to determine the level of drug availability at the South City Community Health Center and the Piloloda'a Community Health Center in 2024 based on compliance with the formulary, demand, receipt, and drug availability categories. This study used a descriptive analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained retrospectively from the 2024 Drug Use Report and Request Sheet (LPLPO). Data analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of compliance with the formulary, demand, and receipt, and by determining drug availability levels using the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2010) formula and the classification of Carolien et al. (2017). The results showed that formulary compliance was 82% at the South City Community Health Center and 67% at the Piloloda'a Community Health Center, both below the 95% standard. Drug demand compliance scores were 151% and 199%, exceeding the 100–120% standard, while drug receipt compliance scores were 71% and 56%, below the 100% standard. Drug availability categories varied from adequate and insufficient to excess stock, with most drug items classified as insufficient stock. In conclusion, drug management at both community health centers has not been fully optimal. Improved coordination between community health centers and pharmaceutical facilities is needed to maintain stable drug availability and support service needs.

Women in Bingkat Village play roles as housewives and are actively involved in agricultural, social, and religious activities. However, their knowledge regarding proper drug management remains limited. This program aims to improve community understanding of the DAGUSIBU concept (Get, Use, Store, and Dispose of medicines properly). The method used is assistance through counseling and education on how to obtain appropriate medicines, use them according to instructions, store them correctly, and dispose of them safely. The results indicate an improvement in community knowledge regarding rational drug management. This program is expected to increase public awareness of safe medicine use and support family health.

Hypertension is a condition characterized by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend in 2018, reaching 34.1% based on national survey data. Effective control of hypertension is essential to prevent long-term complications and acute cardiovascular events. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication can increase cardiac workload. In addition to adherence to pharmacological therapy, unhealthy dietary patterns also contribute to the rising prevalence of hypertension. Therefore, adequate health literacy is required to support patients with hypertension in maintaining regular medication use and adopting healthy lifestyle changes, particularly in dietary management. To determine the relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence among patients with hypertension. This study employed a non-experimental descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 113 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires with ordinal scales and analyzed using the Gamma test. The results showed a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05) with correlation coefficients of R = 0.982 and R = 1.000, indicating a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence. There is a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns and medication adherence among patients with hypertension.

This study investigates the influence of drug availability, location, and service quality on consumer purchasing decisions at Toko Obat Zahwa Batam. The phenomenon underlying this research is a significant decline of 23.3% in transactions at Toko Obat Zahwa over three years (2022–2024). A quantitative approach with survey method was employed, involving 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS 26. The results indicate that drug availability has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions (t = 5.390; sig. = .000), service quality has a positive and significant effect (t = 4.700; sig. = .000), while location does not significantly influence purchasing decisions (t = –0.556; sig. = .579). Simultaneously, all three variables significantly affect purchasing decisions (F = 38.203; sig. = .000) and explain 53.0% of the variance (Adjusted R² = .530). The dominant influence of drug availability confirms the need-driven nature of pharmaceutical retail purchases, while the non-significant effect of location reflects habitual buying behavior among loyal consumers. These findings provide practical implications for independent drug store management in competitive markets.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Effective glycemic control is crucial to prevent complications, and HbA1c is commonly utilized as an indicator of long-term blood glucose levels. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Tilamuta Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design using a total sampling method, involving 557 patients. Data were collected from laboratory records and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The findings indicated that the average HbA1c level was 7.39%, while the mean blood glucose level was 205.85 mg/dL. A significant and very strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and blood glucose levels (p=0.000; r=0.862). Furthermore, medication adherence showed a significant association with HbA1c status (p=0.000). These results underscore the role of HbA1c as a dependable marker for assessing glycemic control and highlight the importance of medication adherence in optimizing the management of type 2 diaType 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Effective glycemic control is crucial to prevent complications, and HbA1c is commonly utilized as an indicator of long-term blood glucose levels. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Tilamuta Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design using a total sampling method, involving 557 patients. Data were collected from laboratory records and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The findings indicated that the average HbA1c level was 7.39%, while the mean blood glucose level was 205.85 mg/dL. A significant and very strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and blood glucose levels (p=0.000; r=0.862). Furthermore, medication adherence showed a significant association with HbA1c status (p=0.000). These results underscore the role of HbA1c as a dependable marker for assessing glycemic control and highlight the importance of medication adherence in optimizing the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.betes mellitus.  

The management of ethical drug inventory is a crucial aspect of supporting the smooth delivery of healthcare services in hospitals. Improper management of ethical drugs can lead to stockouts or overstock, which results increased operational costs and the risk of drug expiration. This study aims to analyze the inventory control of ethical drugs at RSUD Inche Abdoel Moeis Samarinda using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Safety Stock, and Reorder Point methods. The data used in this study are the consumption of ethical drugs during 2024, obtained from the hospital’s Pharmacy Installation. The data analysis method involves calculating ordering and holding costs, determining the optimal order quantity using EOQ, and calculating Safety Stock and ROP to maintain drug availability during lead time. The results of this study indicate that the application of the EOQ method provides a more optimal and efficient order quantity compared to previous policies. Furthermore, Safety Stock and ROP calculations assist the hospital in preventing ethical drug shortages and creating a more structured ordering schedule. Thus, the implementation of EOQ, Safety Stock and ROP methods can improve the efficiency of ethical drug inventory management while supporting the continuity of healthcare services at RSUD Inche Abdoel Moeis Samarinda.