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This study examines the transformation of the authority of Islamic courts in Indonesia across the colonial and post-colonial periods and their contribution to the formation of national law. Employing a normative-juridical method with historical, statutory, and conceptual approaches drawn from library sources, the research traces how a once-autonomous Islamic judicial institution was reshaped by Dutch colonial legal politics, from the recognition implied by the receptio in complexu theory to the systematic reduction of competence under the receptie theory through Staatsblad 1882 No. 152 and Staatsblad 1937 No. 116 and 610. The findings show that the colonial intervention narrowed the jurisdiction of religious courts, particularly by removing inheritance disputes, yet did not extinguish their existence. After independence, the receptie exit and receptie a contrario theories provided the ideological basis for restoring Islamic judicial authority, institutionalized through the establishment of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Law No. 14 of 1970, Law No. 1 of 1974, Law No. 7 of 1989, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and Law No. 3 of 2006. The study implies that the religious court has become an integral pillar of the national judicial system rather than a colonial remnant.  

The use of hermeneutics in Qur'anic studies has long generated debate among Muslim scholars. Some view hermeneutics as a methodological tool that can bridge the historical distance between the revealed text and contemporary life, whereas others regard it as an epistemological threat that may weaken the authority of the Qur'an. This article aims to analyze the arguments of both proponents and critics and to identify possible areas of convergence. Using a descriptive-analytical approach and library research, this study examines relevant works by scholars who support and oppose the application of hermeneutics in Qur'anic interpretation. The findings show that proponents, such as Fazlur Rahman, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, and Mohammed Arkoun, argue that hermeneutics can enrich interpretive methods and help contextualize meaning. Conversely, critics, such as Adian Husaini and scholars who emphasize the authority of established tafsir traditions, argue that hermeneutics emerged from the problems of Biblical interpretation and therefore cannot be applied directly to the Qur'an, which is believed to retain its authenticity. The study concludes that the debate stems from different theological assumptions about text, revelation, and interpretation. It recommends the selective adaptation of hermeneutics as a supporting analytical tool, not as a replacement for the science of tafsir.

Somongari Tourism Village in Indonesia's Purworejo Regency is the site of this research on the ways in which community-based creative economy development could promote ecotourism. As a destination rich in natural, cultural, and historical assets, Somongari demonstrates significant potential to integrate creative industries into tourism practices. Examining community involvement, entrepreneurship, and government, this study used a qualitative descriptive technique to gather data via observation, recording, and interviews.Findings reveal that creative economy initiatives—such as culinary innovation, agro-tourism, cultural storytelling, and digital promotion—strengthen destination attractiveness while generating income for residents. Innovation, inclusion, and intergenerational colaboration are greatly enhanced when women and youths are involved. Community ownership and fair distribution of benefits are reinforced via participatory governance and collective management. Limited product diversi-fication, reliance on seasonal tourism, and limitations in management competence are some of the difficulties that continue to exist. The study concludes that community-based creative economy development provides a strategic pathway for sustainable tourism by integrating economic empowerment, cultural preservation, and social participation. Strengthening entrepreneurship, enhancing digital marketing, diversifying tourism products, and fostering stakeholder collaboration are essential to improving competitiveness and resilience. This study contribute to the discourse on sustainable rural tourism by demonstrating how creative economy initiatives can serve as instruments of empowerment and sustainable destination development.

The study critically examines the Gospel of John as a theological text integrating the incarnate Logos and sacramental symbolism. Using a qualitative, library-based approach with historical-critical and hermeneutical analysis, it shows that John’s Gospel not only narrates Jesus’ life but constructs a symbolic, existential, and transformative theological reflection. The Logos shifts from a metaphysical principle to a personal reality in history through the incarnation, enabling a concrete encounter between God and humanity. Within this framework, symbols such as water and bread function as media of revelation guiding individuals toward a living, relational faith experience. Furthermore, sacramental symbolism in the Gospel of John is ontologically grounded in the incarnation of the Logos. Faith is thus understood not merely as intellectual assent but as participation in divine life that transforms human existence. The integration of Christological and sacramental dimensions indicates that faith is holistic, encompassing spiritual, material, and relational aspects. Thus, the Gospel of John presents a theological vision of faith as a concrete and dynamic existential encounter, relevant for contemporary theological reflection.

This community service initiative aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the residents of Ilih Village, Damer District, Southwest Maluku Regency, regarding the use of banana corms as a nutritious and cost-effective alternative food source. Banana corms have historically been underutilized and generally treated merely as agricultural waste. Through training and mentoring sessions, the community was educated on the nutritional content of banana corms, processing techniques, and business opportunities for home-based banana corm nugget production. The methods employed included outreach, demonstrations, hands-on nugget-making training, and an evaluation of the activity's outcomes. The results indicate a high level of community enthusiasm for the innovation of processing banana corms into nuggets. Following the activity, participants demonstrated increased knowledge regarding the utilization of local food ingredients, hygienic processing techniques, and the economic potential of the processed product. The banana corm nuggets offered a pleasant taste and appealing texture, and were well-received by the community. Furthermore, the product's low production cost suggests it could serve as a source of additional income for villagers. This initiative is expected to support local food security and improve community welfare through the development of food businesses based on local resources.

This study discusses the leadership values reflected in the folklore of Panglima Wangkang in Marabahan as a representation of the local wisdom of the Banjar-Bakumpai community. Panglima Wangkang is recognized as a prominent figure who played a significant role in resisting Dutch colonialism in the Barito region. This research aims to examine Panglima Wangkang not only as a war hero but also as a symbol of cultural unity, religious values, and traditional leadership that still lives in the collective memory of society today. The study employs a qualitative historical method with a postcolonial approach. The data were collected through library research involving historical archives, scientific journals, books, and documented folklore. The research stages included heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings reveal that Panglima Wangkang’s leadership reflects the values of courage, strategic intelligence, loyalty, religiosity, and social concern. His well-known military strategy, referred to as the “Trojan Horse” technique, demonstrates his tactical ability in confronting colonial forces. In addition, religious values are reflected in his message to always maintain ablution and in the belief regarding martyrdom. The story of the golden bullet also symbolizes the community’s respect for the struggle and honor of local heroes. Panglima Wangkang’s cross-ethnic identity as both Banjar and Bakumpai further strengthened community unity in facing colonialism. This study shows that folklore functions not only as a cultural heritage but also as a medium for transmitting leadership values and local identity that remain relevant in the social life of the Marabahan community today.

This article aims to explain the theological meaning and implications of the word "worship" (προσκυνέω/proskuneō) in Matthew 2:2 in the context of the birth of Jesus Christ, and its relevance to the worship practices of the church today. This study uses a qualitative method with a contextual-historical analysis approach to the biblical text, supported by a review of theological literature related to worship in the Christian tradition. The results of the study indicate that proskuneō does not only refer to an act of reverence, but also contains the meaning of acknowledgment of divine authority, an attitude of humility, and a deep spiritual commitment. In the context of Matthew 2:2, the actions of the Magi represent theological, relational, and transformative worship. These findings confirm that true worship involves acknowledging God's sovereignty, a readiness for sacrifice, and an openness to renewal of life. The practical implication for the church today is the need to enrich the understanding and practice of worship that goes beyond the liturgy, but is manifested in personal intimacy with God, acts of social benevolence, and service that reflects a God-fearing life. This article contributes to a biblical understanding of worship and its application in the context of the believer's spiritual life.

Bank stock price prediction is an important topic in the application of information technology because stock price movements are dynamic, sequential, and influenced by historical market patterns. This study aims to predict Indonesian banking stock prices using the Long Short-Term Memory method and evaluate the effect of Bayesian Optimization on model performance. The data used in this study consists of daily historical stock data of BBCA, BBNI, BBRI, BBTN, and BMRI from May 4, 2020, to May 4, 2026, obtained from Yahoo Finance. The input features include opening price, highest price, lowest price, closing price, and trading volume, while the prediction target is the stock closing price. The results show that the baseline model produced MAPE values ranging from 1.892% to 3.147%. The best baseline performance was obtained on BBCA with an R² value of 0.933, followed by BBTN with an R² value of 0.902. After optimization, performance improvement occurred on BBTN, with MAPE decreasing from 3.147% to 2.482% and R² increasing from 0.902 to 0.935. For BMRI, MAPE decreased from 2.385% to 2.206%, and R² increased from 0.687 to 0.743. This study concludes that Long Short-Term Memory can be used to predict Indonesian banking stock prices, while Bayesian Optimization can selectively improve model performance depending on the characteristics of each stock dataset.

The digital transformation of the Indonesian judicial system through the implementation of e-court and e-litigation necessitates a redefinition of conventional evidentiary laws, which have historically been governed by the Herziene Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) and the Rechtreglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg). This research aims to analyze the evidentiary strength of electronic documents as expanded means of proof in civil proceedings and to identify the challenges regarding their implementation. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that based on the principle of functional equivalence, electronic documents hold a legal status equivalent to paper-based documents, provided they meet the requirements of integrity, accessibility, and authenticity through certified electronic signatures as mandated by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. The evidentiary strength of an electronic document may reach the level of conclusive evidence, similar to an authentic deed, if supported by a reliable electronic system. However, implementation still faces technical hurdles concerning metadata verification and limited human resource competency within the judiciary. This research recommends the urgent need for a new codification of civil procedural law and the standardization of digital forensic procedures in trials to ensure legal certainty and justice for all parties in the digital era.

This study examines the systemic transformation of Japan’s refugee and immigration policy from 2021 to 2025, exploring how humanitarian paradigms have been superseded by state security considerations. The research aims to analyze how Japan constructs refugees as an existential threat to legitimize its restrictive reception regime, synthesizing Realism and Constructivism to explore the intersection of securitization, national interest, and identity. Methodologically, this paper employs a qualitative interpretive case study by integrating Ruth Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and Interpretive Process Tracing (IPT) to examine government texts, policy documents, and parliamentary debates. The findings reveal a profound policy asymmetry driven by intersubjective threat framing and institutionalized topoi (abuse, threat, law and order). Ukrainian displaced persons are positively categorized as evacuees (hinanmin) to align with G7 geopolitics, whereas traditional asylum seekers are pejoratively labeled as "repeated applicants" and framed as threats to public order, social harmony (wa), and ethnic homogeneity (tan’itsu minzoku). This discursive construction successfully legitimizes extraordinary measures within the 2023 amendment of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (ICRRA), including the abolition of automatic deportation suspensions and the expansion of a surveillance state via alternative monitoring (kanri sochi). Ultimately, this study demonstrates that international norm compliance is deeply mediated by domestic cultural appropriateness (nihonjinron). It implies the necessity for future ethnographic research on grassroots impacts and suggests transparent asylum evaluation metrics aligned with non-refoulement principles.

This article analyzes the security crisis in Haiti through the lens of constructivist theory in International Relations. Haiti represents one of the clearest examples of a failed state in the Western Hemisphere, where state authority has collapsed and been replaced by armed criminal groups known as gangs. Using a constructivist perspective, this article traces how social constructions, identities, and historically formed norms have shaped the fragility of the Haitian state. The study also integrates the concept of human security to illustrate the real impact of this crisis on citizens' security across seven dimensions: economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political. The main finding suggests that Haiti's state failure is not merely a product of weak formal institutions, but the result of a long process of social construction, encompassing the legacy of colonialism, crippling reparation payments, counterproductive foreign intervention, and the normalization of violence in everyday life. From a constructivist perspective, restoring security in Haiti requires narrative reconstruction, rebuilding social trust, and comprehensive reform of institutional norms.

The concept of naskh and mansukh is one of the most crucial methodological instruments in the discipline of Ushul Fiqh, serving to dissect the dynamics of Islamic law determination (tasyri') diachronically. This article aims to comprehensively analyze how the mechanism of naskh operates within the Al-Qur'an and Hadith and its juridical implications on the process of istinbath (deduction) of Islamic law. The urgency of this study lies in the fact that a flawed understanding of the abrogated verses can lead a mujtahid to establish laws that are juridically expired. Utilizing a qualitative-normative research method with a socio-historical approach, this article explores the classifications of naskh, ranging from the sharp debate over the Sunnah's authority to abrogate the Al-Qur'an to the fundamental differences between naskh, takhshish, and taqyid. The analysis also encompasses a comparative study of the views among the four major schools of thought (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi'i, and Hanbali) in responding to conflicting evidences. The findings indicate that naskh is not an indication of inconsistency within Divine revelation, but rather a manifestation of the principles of tadarruj (gradualism) and taysir (facilitation) that accommodate the mental readiness of the community and the welfare of human beings. Practical implications of this concept are found in the evolution of laws concerning the direction of the qiblah, the iddah period, and the prohibition of khamr. Through a profound understanding of naskh, Islamic law demonstrates its elasticity in addressing contemporary challenges without losing its divine substance. In the modern era, this principle can be actualized in national legislative drafting through gradual regulatory methods.

Christology is a branch of Christian theology that discusses the person and work of Jesus Christ as the core of the Christian faith. The development of the modern era, characterized by globalization, pluralism, technological advancement, and cultural diversity, presents new challenges in understanding Christ in a relevant and contextual manner. This research aims to examine the development of Christological reflection in various life contexts and explain its application in contemporary life. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method thru the examination of various classical and modern theological literature from both Protestant and Catholic traditions. The analysis was conducted using a historical-critical approach to understand the development of Christological thot from the early church period to the modern era. The research results show that Christology is not only doctrinal but also has practical dimensions related to personal, social, cultural, interfaith dialog, ecological, and modern challenges. Christological reflection affirms that Jesus Christ is understood as the true God and true man, serving as the foundation of spirituality, ethics, and social action for Christians. Furthermore, the contextual Christological approach helps the church present Christ's teachings relevantly in a pluralistic and dynamic society. This research implies the importance of developing contextual, inclusive, and transformative theology so that the Christian faith remains meaningful in modern life.

Surau is the oldest traditional Islamic educational institution in Minangkabau and played an important role in the development of Islamic education in Indonesia before the twentieth century. This study is motivated by the modern shift in understanding the function of surau, which is often viewed merely as a place of worship, whereas historically it possessed broader educational, social, and cultural functions. The research aims to analyze the origins and transformation of surau, identify the roles of influential figures in its development, and examine its social functions within Minangkabau society. This study employs a qualitative approach using the historical research method through library research based on various primary and secondary sources. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography to produce a systematic and factual historical account. The findings reveal that surau transformed from a Hindu-Buddhist ritual center into an Islamic educational institution that functioned as a center for religious instruction, character building, intellectual development, and social integration. Figures such as Syekh Burhanuddin Ulakan, Tuanku Nan Tuo, and Syekh Muhammad Djamil Djambek made significant contributions to the reform and development of the surau educational system. In addition, surau also served as a center for community deliberation, a residence for young men, and a space for moral and cultural development. The study implies that surau became an important foundation in shaping the Islamic educational system in the Nusantara by harmoniously integrating religious values, local culture, and social life.

Technological developments and globalization have brought changes to the mindsets and behaviors of the younger generation, including a declining interest in history learning and low historical awareness. Islamic Cultural History (ISH) plays a crucial role in shaping historical awareness because it encompasses values ​​of faith, scholarship, tolerance, leadership, and morals relevant to modern life. This study aims to analyze the role of ISH learning in shaping the historical awareness of the younger generation, explain its importance in understanding Islamic historical values, and examine the effective implementation of ISH learning in the modern era. This study used a qualitative method with a library research approach. Data were obtained from books, scientific journals, articles, and various other sources relevant to the research theme. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically through a process of collection, reduction, interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that ISH learning plays a significant role in building the historical awareness of the younger generation by instilling Islamic character values ​​and identity. Historical awareness helps students understand the interconnectedness of the past, present, and future, enabling them to draw lessons from historical events. Implementation of Islamic Education (SKI) learning can be carried out through a contextual approach, active learning methods, the use of digital technology, role models, and experiential learning. Thus, SKI serves not only as a means of transferring knowledge but also as a medium for character and identity formation for the younger generation in the era of globalization.

Madrasas as formal Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia have undergone a long evolution from traditional systems to modern institutions that are integrated into the national education system. This study aims to examine the role of Islamic education management in the development of madrasah history using a literature research method with an analytical descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the development of madrassas takes place through several historical phases that are mutually sustainable. In the early 20th century, madrassas emerged in response to the limitations of the traditional pesantren system. In the pre-independence period, the discriminatory policies of the Dutch colonial encouraged the birth of modern madrassas that combined religious and general sciences. Post-independence, the establishment of the Ministry of Religion in 1946 strengthened the position of madrassas in the national education system. During the Old Order period, the number of madrassas increased rapidly even though the management was still community-based. Entering the New Order, the Decree of 3 Ministers of 1975 and Law Number 2 of 1989 encouraged the formal integration of madrasas, although they tended to be centralistic. The Reform Era through Law Number 20 of 2003 provided equal recognition to public schools and encouraged decentralization based on School-Based Management. Although the quantitative and legal development of madrasas is significant, the challenges of quality, funding, and relevance in the era of globalization remain a concern so that madrasas are able to produce graduates who excel intellectually and are solid in Islamic values.

This study aims to analyze the history of Islamic education management in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period, identify colonial policies that restricted Islamic education development, and describe the adaptive and resistant responses of Muslim scholars and educational institutions. The study also aims to explain the roles of pesantren and madrasah as institutions that not only survived but underwent significant transformation due to colonial pressures, and to reveal the historical contribution of colonial-era Islamic education management as a foundation for post-independence Islamic education. Using a qualitative literature review method with sources primarily published between 2021 and 2026, this study finds that colonial pressures through the Teacher Ordinance and Wild Schools Ordinance paradoxically spurred innovations in the form of modern madrasahs integrating religious and general knowledge. Organizations such as Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama strengthened this educational transformation, making Islamic education not merely a vehicle for religious learning but an instrument of cultural resistance, national consciousness-building, and evidence of Muslim resilience in facing historical challenges.

This study analyzes the reconstruction of Human Rights (HR) in Indonesia through the integration of Pancasila values and Islamic Religious Education (IRE) within the framework of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence. In the Indonesian context, human rights are not merely perceived as universal individual liberties, but are understood within broader philosophical, religious, and socio-cultural dimensions. Pancasila functions as the foundational framework that harmonizes individual rights with social responsibilities, while Islamic teachings provide normative and theological foundations through principles such as maqasid al-shari‘ah, justice (‘adl), and human dignity (karamah insaniyyah), as well as Qur’anic values of tolerance and moderation (tasamuh and wasatiyyah). This research adopts a qualitative method with a descriptive approach based on literature review, drawing upon various scholarly sources related to human rights, Islamic education, and sociological jurisprudence. The findings reveal that the integration of Pancasila and Islamic Religious Education generates a comprehensive understanding of human rights that is both normative and contextual. Moreover, empirical findings indicate that a deeper comprehension of Qur’anic teachings on tolerance is positively correlated with the development of moderate and inclusive attitudes, thereby highlighting the significant role of education in internalizing human rights values. Additionally, the historical transition from pre-Islamic (Jahiliyyah) society to the Islamic era demonstrates that Islamic teachings function as an agent of social transformation by promoting justice, equality, and the protection of marginalized groups. From the perspective of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence, law is viewed as a dynamic system that must remain responsive to evolving social conditions, ensuring that the reconstruction of human rights remains relevant and adaptable. In conclusion, the synergy between Pancasila values, Islamic teachings, and sociological legal approaches contributes to the formation of a more inclusive, balanced, and culturally grounded human rights paradigm in Indonesia.

Educational dualism is a phenomenon that emerged in the Indonesian education system since the Dutch colonial era, which separated Western education from indigenous education. Western education introduced by the colonial government was more oriented towards colonial administrative and economic interests, and was generally intended for Europeans and indigenous elites such as the priyayi class. Meanwhile, indigenous communities widely developed religious-based education through Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) institutions that gave birth to communities of santri (Islamic students). This study aims to analyze the forms of educational dualism in the early 20th century by reviewing three developing educational models: European education, priyayi education, and santri education. The method used is a literature study by examining various books, scientific journals, and historical sources relevant to the development of education during the colonial period. The results of the study indicate that European education functioned as a means of developing an educated workforce that supported the colonial administration, while priyayi education became a path of social mobility for indigenous elites who acted as intermediaries between the colonial government and society. On the other hand, santri education through Islamic boarding schools developed independently and played an important role in maintaining religious values and the cultural identity of the community. Thus, the dualism of education during the colonial period not only reflected the inequality of access to education, but also shaped the social structure and intellectual dynamics of Indonesian society in the early 20th century.

The preservation of the nation's collective memory is a very important aspect in maintaining national identity, but its existence today is threatened by physical damage and limited access to information. This study aims to explain effective preservation methods to ensure the sustainability of the collective memory as a historical heritage. The methodology applied is qualitative descriptive by collecting data through literature review and document analysis from various literature sources and regulations related to archives. The results of this study show that the implementation of the current preservation strategy still faces major problems, especially the difference between the expected tennis standards and the reality of limited funds and the ability of human resources to carry out restoration. In addition, the digitalization process has not been fully linked to the planned long-term digital preservation management. The implications of this study show that strengthening the collaboration and technical capabilities of archivists is very important so that all historical artifacts of the nation are maintained in their authenticity, protected, and can be widely accessed by future generations.