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This study aims to analyze and determine the optimal production capacity at Sekar Arum MSMEs to achieve maximum profit using the Linear Programming (LP) graphical approach. The research employed a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The data used included primary data from interviews and observations, and secondary data from production and raw material records. The analysis was conducted by formulating a mathematical LP model consisting of an objective function and constraint functions based on the limited resources available to the enterprise. Data processing was carried out using POM-QM for Windows version 5 with the graphical method to identify the optimal solution point. The results indicate that the optimal production combination is 2 kilograms of red ginger and 3 kilograms of tamarind turmeric, yielding a maximum profit of Rp4,600,000 per production cycle. The implementation of Linear Programming proved effective in assisting MSME owners in making efficient production decisions, thereby enhancing profitability and the sustainable use of resources.

Organizational fraud represents a significant global challenge, with estimated annual losses of 5% of revenue, totaling approximately US$4.7 trillion worldwide. This systematic literature review examines whistleblowing effectiveness as a fraud detection mechanism, analyzing the tension between its role as a transparency pillar and the retaliatory risks faced by whistleblowers. The study employed a qualitative Systematic Literature Review methodology, analyzing 25 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020-2025 from SINTA, Scopus, and registered E-ISSN journals. Literature was selected using keywords related to whistleblowing effectiveness, fraud detection, transparency mechanisms, and retaliation risk. Results demonstrate that whistleblowing systems significantly enhance fraud detection and prevention across both public and private sectors, with 24 of 25 reviewed studies confirming positive impacts. Effectiveness is influenced by individual attitudes, perceived behavioral control, organizational commitment, professional commitment, moral reasoning, and organizational culture. The integration of whistleblowing with forensic and investigative audit mechanisms creates a mutually reinforcing fraud detection framework. However, retaliation risk remains a substantial challenge, potentially undermining whistleblowing effectiveness. The study concludes that organizations must develop comprehensive whistleblower protection frameworks, cultivate supportive organizational cultures, ensure transparent report handling processes, and leverage technology to guarantee anonymity. A balanced approach between promoting transparency through whistleblowing and protecting whistleblowers from retaliation is essential for maximizing fraud detection effectiveness. Organizations are advised to integrate whistleblowing into comprehensive anti-fraud strategies with adequate protection mechanisms and whistleblower incentives.

This study aims to optimize sales profit at the MSME Batagor Bandung Tarakan by applying the Simplex method in linear programming, supported by the POM-QM for Windows software. Profit optimization plays a crucial role in strategic decision-making, particularly in determining the optimal daily production quantities to enhance operational efficiency, maximize the use of raw materials, and meet market demand effectively. The Simplex method was chosen for its ability to solve linear optimization problems involving multiple constraints and variables, providing accurate mathematical solutions to achieve maximum profit. This research utilizes daily production data as the basis for analysis, which is then processed using the Simplex method in POM-QM. The results show that implementing the Simplex method can increase daily profits from IDR 634,000 to IDR 831,408 through a more efficient production combination. The study concludes that the Simplex method, when applied via the POM-QM software, is an effective tool for daily production decision-making and can support MSMEs like Batagor Bandung Tarakan in improving their competitiveness and business sustainability.

This article aims to provide theoretical and practical insights into conflict management to support leaders and managers in managing conflict effectively in various contexts and provide a comprehensive understanding of conflict management through a literature review of the sources, symptoms, and causes of conflict. Conflict that occurs in an organization can hinder the achievement of desired goals, therefore conflict needs to be managed properly so that its impact can be minimized, organizational conflict can also be interpreted as a conflict that arises when the goal-oriented behavior of one group conflicts with or is threatened by the goals of another group. This study uses a literature study method to analyze various concepts of conflict management that have been put forward by experts. The results of the study show that conflict, whether in a positive, negative, or neutral sense, is an unavoidable phenomenon. The source of conflict can come from various factors that trigger differences and clashes between individuals, groups, or organizations. Conflict also occurs due to misunderstandings or incompatibilities between individuals or groups in an effort to achieve their goals, this is often referred to as a causal factor. The impact of conflict actually depends on its nature. On the one hand, well-managed conflict can improve the quality of decisions, encourage active involvement in discussions, and strengthen group cohesion. However, on the other hand, conflict can also drain members' energy, disrupt productivity, and cause hostility that hinders collaboration. Abstract and Keywords must be written in English, in italic style, and contain a brief description of the research background, objectives, methods, findings, and implications. The abstract is written in one paragraph with a single space (maximum 200 words), without any reference or formula.

Financial Technology (FinTech) is an innovation in financial services that uses digital technology to provide easier, more efficient and affordable access. This article discusses the development of FinTech in Indonesia, including its role in increasing financial inclusion, providing digital banking services, electronic payments, and peer-to-peer lending business models. Through literature analysis, this article shows that FinTech has driven significant changes in financial access and interactions, especially for those in remote areas or without access to traditional financial services. Although FinTech offers many advantages, such as efficiency and ease of transactions, challenges such as limited access to technology and security risks still need to be overcome. Adaptive regulations and collaboration with traditional financial institutions are needed to maximize the potential of FinTech in supporting financial inclusion and sustainable economic development in Indonesia.

 In an era full of technological developments, various daily activities are connected with the help of the internet, making operations easier and faster. One use of this technology, for example, is massive marketing activities carried out via social media, one of which is WhatsApp. This application introduces WhatsApp Business features specifically designed to facilitate the marketing of their products to consumers. This increase in the number of WhatsApp users opens up more opportunities for businesses to maximize the application's potential as a digital marketing tool. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of promotions and services via WhatsApp on sales. This type of research is quantitative research. The sample used in this research was 37 people using the questionnaire distribution method as a data collection tool. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS software application. The research results show that variable X1 (promotion) and variable X2 (service) each influence variable Y (sales) in a positive direction. Besides that, variables X1 (Promotion) and X2 (Service) in the model together are able to explain 40.3% of the influence on variable Y (Sales).

Esources such as capital and office infrastructure. Human resources are the most important thing for an institution, because humans have the ability to set goals, collaborate, and work so that planned goals are achieved. Likewise, it is no less important than the office infrastructure in an institution that has a big influence in efforts to increase work efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, an institution really needs office infrastructure that can be used by employees in carrying out their duties and responsibilities so that administrative activities and other operational activities can run well and smoothly. Office infrastructure is one of the factors that supports the success of an institution in achieving the organization's goals. Office facilities and infrastructure are an important part that need to be prepared ideally and continuously so that they can ensure the smooth running of employee work activities. Considering that office facilities and infrastructure are very important in efforts to facilitate employee work activities, therefore it is necessary to manage adequate facilities and infrastructure. Means are anything that is used as a tool to achieve aims and objectives, means are more indicated for moving objects such as computers and machines. Infrastructure is something that is the main support for the implementation of the process (Business, Development, Project), infrastructure is more indicated for immovable objects such as buildings, space, land. Work effectiveness is a condition that shows the level of success of management activities in achieving goals including quantity work, quality of work, and timeliness in completing work. Effectiveness is often associated with an efficient system, so that the service process takes place effectively, optimally and on time, thereby eliminating the need for overtime work with its implications. The efficiency of work processes, the level of effectiveness of office technology users, and the comfort of the work environment will directly and indirectly influence employee performance in completing assigned tasks. Apart from that, there are also various factors that influence work effectiveness, including: time, tasks, productivity, motivation, work evaluation, supervision, work environment, equipment and facilities. It is logical and appropriate if increasing effectiveness is made one of the government's long-term targets in implementing its strategy. Based on the phenomena presented above, it is clear that the Office of Industry, Trade, Energy and Mineral Resources of North Sumatra Province has not been well managed regarding infrastructure and has not complied with the appropriate regulatory principles. Problems like this should be addressed immediately and maximized so that in the future it can be as good as it should be. If this is resolved, it will certainly create a comfortable and conducive atmosphere so that employees can carry out their work responsibilities well and optimally. Therefore, the researcher was interested and conducted research as a result of an internship, with the title "The influence of the lack of office infrastructure on the effectiveness of employee performance

Training and development of human resources (HR) is very important for every company to maximize the skills of its employees. The quantitative approach focuses on symptoms that have certain characteristics in order to observe the relationship between 2 or more variables. According to the results of the study with the PLS SEM test, descriptive analysis, and hypothesis testing, the results can be seen: training has a significant positive effect on employee performance when viewed from the results of p values, namely 0.019 <0.05. HR development has a significant positive effect on employee performance if you look at the p values of 0.000 <0.05. Job training has a significant positive effect on motivation from the hypothesis test, namely p values 0.002 <0.05. HR development has a significant positive effect on work motivation seen from the results of the hypothesis test, namely the p value of 0.000 <0.05. Motivation has a significant positive effect on employee performance seen from the hypothesis test, namely the p value of 0.002 <0.05    

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact around the world, including in the health, social, economic and political fields. Therefore, implementing strategic management is very important in dealing with this pandemic. Strategic management is the process of planning, organizing, controlling, and making decisions in achieving long-term organizational goals. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, strategic management must be directed at efforts to minimize the negative impact of the pandemic, while maximizing the potential benefits that can be gained from this situation. The implementation of strategic management in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic can be done in several ways, among others, the first is Strengthening the health system: The first step in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic is to strengthen the existing health system. This includes increasing hospital capacity, increasing the availability of medical equipment, and increasing the number of available medical personnel.