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This study aims to analyze the effect of education level on the quality of financial statements based on SAK EMKM, with accounting information systems as a moderating variable, focusing on coffee shop micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Kediri City, Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 32 business owners or financial managers selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS software.The results indicate that education level has a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial statements, suggesting that higher educational attainment enhances accounting understanding and compliance with SAK EMKM. However, accounting information systems were found to weaken this relationship, indicating that system complexity, limited digital literacy, and insufficient technical training may reduce the effectiveness of education in improving financial reporting quality. These findings highlight that improving financial reporting quality among MSMEs requires not only higher educational capacity but also appropriate technological support and continuous technical assistance. This study contributes to the accounting literature by emphasizing the contextual role of accounting information systems in shaping the relationship between human capital and financial reporting quality in MSMEs.

The growth of the digital economy has accelerated the development of online shops as part of digital MSMEs; however, this growth has not been fully supported by systematic financial management practices. This study aims to analyze financial management strategies applied by online shops in Parepare City based on four main indicators: financial planning, recording, reporting, and control. This research employed a qualitative approach within a postpositivist paradigm. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation from five online shops selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis followed an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data credibility was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that financial management practices have been implemented by all research objects but remain at a basic level. Financial planning is primarily short-term and experience-based, financial recording is predominantly manual, financial reporting does not yet include formal profit and loss analysis, and financial control lacks measurable quantitative indicators. These results indicate that the main challenge in online shop financial management lies not in the absence of financial practices, but in the quality of implementation and the use of financial data for strategic decision-making. This study is expected to contribute empirically to the literature on digital MSME financial management and provide practical guidance for online shop owners to improve sustainable financial management practices.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Current Ratio (CR) on Return on Assets (ROA) at PT Sido Muncul Tbk for the period 2019–2023. The research employs a quantitative associative approach using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial reports. The analytical method applied is multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS version 26. Prior to hypothesis testing, the model was examined using classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The results show that DER has a positive and significant effect on ROA, indicating that a proportional increase in debt utilization can enhance company profitability. Similarly, CR has a positive and significant effect on ROA, implying that maintaining healthy liquidity strengthens asset efficiency. Simultaneously, DER and CR significantly influence ROA with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.887, meaning that 88.7% of profitability variation is explained by these two variables. These findings confirm that balancing capital structure and liquidity is a key determinant in improving financial performance within Indonesia’s pharmaceutical sector.

This study aims to analyze the differences in financial performance between PT Ciputra Development Tbk (CTRA) and PT Pakuwon Jati Tbk (PWON) during 2019–2023 based on liquidity, profitability, solvency, and dividend policy ratios. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative method was employed. The study utilized secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports of both companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Financial ratios were analyzed, including the Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Data normality and homogeneity tests were conducted, followed by Independent Sample t-Test and Mann–Whitney U test using SPSS version 26 to identify statistical differences. The results indicate no significant differences between CTRA and PWON in CR, ROA, and DPR, but a significant difference in DER, where CTRA shows higher leverage compared to PWON. These findings suggest that the key distinction between the two companies lies in their capital structure rather than profitability or dividend policy, reflecting different financial management strategies within Indonesia’s property sector.

This study aims to analyze the financial health of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk during the 2019–2023 period using eight financial ratios based on the Indonesian Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Decree No. KEP-100/MBU/2002. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with secondary data derived from annual financial reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the company’s official website. The findings reveal that Garuda Indonesia’s financial condition fluctuated, categorized as less healthy in 2019, deteriorated into unhealthy during 2020–2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and showed limited recovery in 2022–2023, returning to the less healthy category. The main weaknesses were observed in profitability, liquidity, and solvency, while activity ratios remained relatively sound. This study highlights that Garuda’s financial problems were driven not only by external shocks from the pandemic but also by internal factors such as high debt burden and weak governance. The results are expected to contribute academically by enriching the literature on SOE financial health analysis in the post-pandemic context and provide practical implications for management, policymakers, and investors.

This study aims to analyze the prediction of financial distress using the Altman Z-Score, Springate, and Zmijewski methods at PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk in 2019-2023. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Using secondary data with documentation techniques and literature studies in the form of related company financial reports, books, articles, journals and other publications related to the research topic. The sampling technique was carried out using a purposive sampling method. The sample in this study was obtained using a purposive sampling technique and obtained as many as 5 financial reports from the company PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk for the period 2019-2023. The results of the study show that the results of calculations using the Altman Z-Score method indicate that in 2019-2023 PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk experienced fluctuations in the company consistently still in the category of bankruptcy, the Springate method shows that the company experienced a decline in its financial performance, and the Zmijewski method shows that companies that experience fluctuations in financial performance conditions, Although there are fluctuations in the X-Score value and improvements in certain years.

This study aims to analyze the performance of state-owned enterprises (BUMN) from a financial aspect based on the financial ratios stated in the Ministerial Decree No. KEP-100/MBU/2002 at PT. Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk for the 2019-2023 period. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. Using secondary data in the form of related company financial reports. The sampling technique was carried out using the purposive sampling method and obtained 5 financial reports from the company PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk for the 2019-2023 period. The results of the study showed that the ROE calculation results experienced a drastic decline in 2020 with a value of 0.43% and began to increase in the following years, ROI increased in 2021 with a value of 22.99% but decreased again in the following year and showed unstable performance, The cash ratio showed significant growth and reached its highest value in 2023 at 18.03%, the current ratio showed unstable performance, reaching its lowest point in 2021 at 101.52%, The collection period value reached its highest point in 2023 with a total of 124.06 days, inventory turnover experienced an increase in performance so that in 2023 it was recorded at 103.37 days, TATO showed unstable performance reaching its lowest value in 2022 with a value of 87.36%, and Total Equity to Total Assets reached its lowest value in 2021 at 14.18% and began to increase in the following year.

This study aims to explain and also prove the hypothesis regarding the effect of total asset turnover (TATO), debt to equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CR), and net profit margin (NPM) on profit changes in coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2021. The study uses quantitative research using purposive sampling techniques, the population is coal sub-sector companies and a sample of 32 financial reports from 8 companies in 2020-2023. The analytical techniques used are descriptive analysis, panel data estimation methods, classical assumption tests, t-tests (partial), F-tests (simultaneous), and coefficients of determination (R2). The results of the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that total asset turnover partially does not have a significant effect on profit changes. The debt to equity ratio variable partially has a positive and significant effect on profit changes. The current ratio variable partially has a positive and significant effect on profit changes. The net profit margin variable partially has no effect on profit changes with. Simultaneously, the variables total asset turnover, debt to equity ratio, current ratio, and net profit margin influence changes in profit.

This study aims to analyze and determine whether or not there are differences in financial performance between cigarette sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 - 2023. This type of research uses quantitative research with a comparative method. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method and four companies were obtained. The data used in this study are secondary data using the company's annual financial reports. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed data and the One-Way ANOVA test for normally distributed data. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences between the financial performance of PT HM Sampoerna Tbk, PT Gudang Garam Tbk, PT Wismilak Inti Makmur Tbk, and PT Indonesian Tobacco Tbk as seen from the liquidity ratio (Current Ratio), solvency ratio (Debt To Asset Ratio), activity ratio (Total Asset Turn Over), and profitability ratio (Return On Asset).

Cloud-Based Accounting Systems (CBAS) are technological innovations that support digital transformation in financial management by increasing efficiency, transparency, and real-time data access. This system helps companies reduce manual recording errors, improve reporting accuracy, and accelerate data-based decision-making processes. In addition, CBAS also has advantages in terms of flexibility of use and compliance with accounting standards, making it a relevant solution for modern companies. Although CBAS offers many benefits, its implementation can also create a perception of technological superiority that does not fully reflect reality if it is not balanced with organizational and human resource readiness. Challenges often faced in implementing CBAS include dependence on cloud services, data security threats, and errors in system input or configuration that can lead to inaccurate financial reports. In addition, overly high expectations for automation can lead to neglect of manual supervision that is still needed to maintain the reliability of financial information. The success of CBAS implementation is highly dependent on a well-designed implementation strategy, adequate user training, and appropriate risk mitigation measures. With careful planning and a strategic approach, CBAS can serve as a tool that increases financial transparency and efficiency, not just a technology trend that provides no real benefits.

The existence of micro, small and medium enterprises, especially in Bandar Lampung City, is not free from obstacles, one of which is related to bookkeeping or financial reporting. Mobile accounting-based applications are present as one of the technologies that are expected to overcome the problems faced by micro, small and medium enterprises. This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence the interest in implementing mobile-based accounting in micro, small and medium enterprises in Bandar Lampung City. The theory used in this study is UTAUT which consists of performance expectations, social influences and facilitating conditions. From the results of the study, it was obtained that performance expectations influenced the interest in implementing mobile accounting. Social influences did not affect the interest in implementing mobile accounting. Conditions that helped influence the interest in implementing mobile accounting.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in financial accounting to improve decision-making effectiveness. This research analyzes the role of AI in supporting data-driven decision making and identifies challenges in its implementation. Using a qualitative approach with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study reviewed 41 relevant articles from national and international journals. The results showed that 28 studies supported the effectiveness of AI in improving financial decision-making by automating transaction recording, enabling algorithm-based predictive analysis, and detecting financial anomalies. AI enables companies to respond faster to market changes, increase transparency of financial reports, and reduce human errors in accounting processes.However, 13 studies highlighted challenges such as technological complexity, limited transparency in decision-making, algorithmic bias, and organizational readiness. In addition, evolving regulations are an obstacle to ensuring optimal use of AI while minimizing ethical and legal risks. The success of AI in financial decision-making depends on infrastructure readiness, regulatory support, and human resource competencies. Without a well-planned strategy, AI may pose new challenges that hinder its effectiveness. Therefore, this study provides insights into the optimal AI implementation strategy to ensure that this technology improves the accuracy and transparency of decision making while maintaining financial accounting accountability.

This study examines the effect of leverage on the profitability of PT Pabrik Kertas Tjiwi Kimia Tbk during the 2020–2024 period. Using a causal research method with secondary data obtained from financial reports published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), the study analyzes the relationship between Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) as the leverage indicator and Return on Assets (ROA) as the profitability indicator. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between leverage and profitability. Increased DER is associated with a decrease in ROA, suggesting that excessive debt reduces financial performance due to higher interest costs and financial risks. This study contributes to the understanding of leverage's impact on profitability in the manufacturing sector, offering valuable insights for corporate management, investors, and academics. Recommendations include enhancing operational efficiency and optimizing debt management strategies to improve long-term profitability

The implementation of MYOB Accounting at the Blue Campus Prosperous Employee Cooperative is a strategic step to increase efficiency and accuracy in financial management. Previously, this cooperative used a manual system which was prone to errors and took time in the process of recording transactions. By switching to MYOB Accounting, cooperatives can automate various financial processes, from recording daily transactions to monthly financial reports. This implementation not only speeds up the administrative process, but also increases the transparency and accountability of financial reports. As a result, the Biru Sejahtera Campus Employee Cooperative has experienced an increase in data-based decision making, as well as making it easier for members to access financial information. It is hoped that the implementation of this software-based accounting system can become a model for other cooperatives in improving financial management professionally and efficiently.

Performance is a measure or assessment of the extent to which a company can achieve the desired goals and results. One way to assess the financial performance of a company is to carry out financial report analysis. This research aims to determine financial performance using financial ratios at PT. Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk which occurred before the disaster that hit the world, namely the Covid 19 pandemic, during the Covid 19 pandemic and after the Covid 19 pandemic. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods with analysis techniques using liquidity, solvency, activity and profitability ratios. The information and data for this research come from the annual financial report on the official website of PT. Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk. The results of this research are measurements of liquidity, solvency, activity and profitability ratios at PT. Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk from 2018 to 2023 which obtained an average performance score with conditions tending to be unhealthy.

The purpose of this study is to find out the form of financial statements and to find out the implementation of ISAK No.35 in the Financial Statements at the Great Mosque of Surakarta. The method used is descriptive qualitative data analysis. The data source uses primary and secondary data collected by researchers using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The researcher conducts data analysis by collecting data, reduce, presenting with the final stage of drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the financial records of the Great Mosque of Surakarta are known to have a surplus and cash deficit every month. Analysis of the implementation of ISAK No.35 for the preparation of mosque financial statements was not found in the presentation standards carried out in 2023. At the end of the research to prepare the financial statements of the Great Mosque of Surakarta through the implementation of ISAK No.35, a more structured and detailed financial report was made for the entire mosque's finances, not only in terms of cash income and expenditure in the research.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the financial performance of the furniture industry and comparing it using the cross-sectional analysis method. The research method applied was qualitative research, with the research subjects being PT Cahaya Bintang Medan Furniture Tbk, PT ACE Hardware Indonesia Tbk, PT Boston Furniture Industri Tbk, and PT Hero Supermarket Tbk. The data source used was secondary data, consisting of annual financial reports of the companies from the period 2019-2022 obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The findings of this research indicate that PT ACE Hardware Indonesia Tbk stands out as superior among the other companies.

BeAbdurrohim Gresik Orphanage Dusun Bunut, Randegansari, Kec. Driyorejo, Gresik Regency, East Java. The orphanage is a non-profit organization, where the orphanage management has full responsibility in matters of trust. which has been given in terms of running the operations of the orphanage. As a form of public sector non-profit organization, one of the sources of funding for orphanages is in the form of donations from regular donors or incidental donors. This research aims to identify the implementation of the Financial Reports of the BeAdburrahim orphanage when viewed from ISAK 35 regarding non-profit organizations. The research was carried out using primary data, namely interviews and field observations, as well as secondary data in the form of financial reports at orphanages. The type of research that will be used is using a descriptive qualitative method by describing the state of the research object and then comparing it with existing standards.

This research aims to analyze the calculation of cost of goods sold and profit determination at UD Han Petshop Lamongan. The approach used in this research is a case study in accordance with the problem formulation and research objectives. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this research are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, using data validity techniques used, namely source triangulation and method triangulation. The results of this research show that UD Han Petshop Lamongan in calculating the cost of goods sold has complied with the calculation procedure by entering initial inventory data plus net purchases then minus ending inventory. In determining profit, the company has included all the data required in the profit and loss financial report. The data used in determining net profit before tax is net sales minus the cost of goods sold and operating costs.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Fee Based Income and Minimum Statutory Reserves on the Profitability of PT. Indonesian Sharia Bank. The population used in this research is the financial statements of PT. Indonesian Sharia Bank. Meanwhile, samples were taken from the monthly financial reports of Bank Syariah Indonesia for 2020 - 2022 using purpusive sampling techniques. The results of this research show that the value of Tcount > Ttable or 5.865 > 2.03452 and the significant value of the Fee Based Income variable (X1) is 0.000 < 0.050, stating that partially the Fee Based Income variable has a significant effect on Profitability. The value of Tcount > Ttable or 7.901 > 2.03452 and the significant value of the Minimum Statutory Reserve variable (X2) is 0.000 < 0.050. Minimum Statutory Reserves have a significant effect on Profitability. Fcount > Ftable or 51,929 > 2.90 with a probability value of 0.000 < 0.050, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that Fee Based Income and Minimum Statutory Reserves simultaneously influence Profitability.