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Human resources are the driving force of animal husbandry in Indonesia, because the role of human resources is important and aligned with qualified work skills will create sustainable dairy farms. This Literature Review aims to examine the effect of increasing productivity and sustainability of dairy farms through optimizing human resource management. This study used a systematic review method. After collecting information from 13 SINTA accredited journals and SCOPUS indexed journals, it was found that optimizing human resource management plays an important role in realizing productivity and sustainability of dairy cows, as found in this literature review that empowering farmers by providing training, knowledge and skills is a key factor in increasing production yields that support business sustainability.

This study aims to analyze the economic and social impacts within the environmental context on the sustainability of catfish farming in Basanah Village. Environmental issues such as water quality, land availability, and land-use changes have significantly affected aquaculture practices. Moreover, the social dynamics of the surrounding community, including patterns of cooperation, public perception of catfish farming, and economic impacts on farmers’ income and welfare, are central to the investigation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving local farmers, community leaders, and relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that economic aspects, such as production cost efficiency and income improvement, are highly dependent on stable environmental conditions and strong social support. Conversely, environmental degradation and weak social participation hinder business development. Therefore, participatory-based policies integrating sustainable environmental management with the strengthening of local socioeconomic capacities are urgently needed. This study offers a significant contribution as a foundation for formulating empowerment strategies for environmentally and socially-based small-scale aquaculture enterprises at the village level.

According to the Central Statistics Agency for 2019-2021, the harvested area and area of ​​corn plants according to districts/cities, corn production comes from five districts, namely Bualemo district, Gorontalo district, Pohuwato district, Bone Bolango district, North Gorontalo district and Gorontalo city with a total of 377 432.00 ha in 2019, 304 945.00 ha in 2020, and 334 945.00 ha in 2021. By the end of 2022 it is predicted that 340,500 hectares or 27.38 percent of the entire Gorontalo land area will be planted with hybrid corn with a total harvest estimated at 1.61 million tons. This research uses qualitative methods, with primary data sources and secondary data. Corn productivity affects the net income of corn farmers apart from the selling price, where low productivity causes minimal harvest results, so the farmer's income is also low. Apart from that, fluctuations in corn prices are also an obstacle in increasing net income, when corn prices are high farmers get bigger profits. However, when the price of corn falls, farmers' income will also decrease. To increase the competitiveness of corn commodities in Gorontalo Province, it is necessary to invest in improving agricultural technology, opening wider market access, and providing greater government policy support. In this way, corn commodities in Gorontalo Province can become more competitive in both local and international markets.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hasil analisis rasio solvabilitas menggunakan Total DAR, DER, LTDtER, TIER, dan FCC kinerja keuangan perusahaan PT. Kimia Farma Tbk periode 2018 – 2020. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui nilai variabel mandiri satu atau lebih tanpa perbandingan variabel mandiri. Penelitian menggunakan sumber data sekunder laporan keuangan PT. Kimia Farma (persero) Tbk periode 2018 – 2020. Penelitian dengan menganalisa rasio solvabilitas kemudian dideskripsikan secara kuantitatif dengan standar kriteria yang telah dipilih peneliti berdasarkan ketentuan para ahli. Sesuai dengan standar kriteria industri yang ditetapkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Debt To Aset Ratio (DAR) 61,8% dan Debt To Equity Ratio (DER) mengalami kenaikan liabilitas jangka pendek dan jangka panjang sehingga keduanya dalam kondisi cukup/insolvable (3) Long Term Debt To Equity Ratio (LTDtER) memperoleh hasil 56,2 kali berarti dalam kondisi cukup/insolvable (4) Time Interest Earned Ratio (TIER) diperolehan hasil perputaran 12,46 kali sehingga dalam kondisi baik.(5) Fixed Charge Coverage (FCC) diperoleh hasil 0,53 kali sehingga dalam kondisi cukup.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh current ratio, debt equity ratio, return on equity terhadap harga saham. Jenis penelitian ini adalah  metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling, sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 8 perusahaan dengan menggunakan laporan tahunan 2016-2020 sehingga, data penelitian ini berjumlah 40. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) current ratio berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020; (2) debt equity ratio berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020; (3) return on equity berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020; dan (4) current ratio, debt equity ratio, return on equity secara simultan bepengaruh dan signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020.