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This study aims to analyze the economic and social impacts within the environmental context on the sustainability of catfish farming in Basanah Village. Environmental issues such as water quality, land availability, and land-use changes have significantly affected aquaculture practices. Moreover, the social dynamics of the surrounding community, including patterns of cooperation, public perception of catfish farming, and economic impacts on farmers’ income and welfare, are central to the investigation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving local farmers, community leaders, and relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that economic aspects, such as production cost efficiency and income improvement, are highly dependent on stable environmental conditions and strong social support. Conversely, environmental degradation and weak social participation hinder business development. Therefore, participatory-based policies integrating sustainable environmental management with the strengthening of local socioeconomic capacities are urgently needed. This study offers a significant contribution as a foundation for formulating empowerment strategies for environmentally and socially-based small-scale aquaculture enterprises at the village level.

By exploring international cooperation between Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia in the use of local currency through the Local Currency Settlement (LCS) framework, this research details the deeper context regarding concerns regarding dependence on the US Dollar after the 2016-2017 financial crisis. with an emphasis on the development of the use of local currencies after the Asian crisis of 1997-1998. This research reveals that one of the main criteria for establishing an optimal currency area (OCA) is exchange rate stability. In looking at the research results, a positive evolution of the use of local currencies in post-crisis ASEAN cooperation is illustrated, especially through the LCS initiative involving Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. Although LCS implementation trends show positivity, further improvement is identified as an urgent need to bring it in line with total trade between countries. Hope lies in the LCS collaboration which is expected to strengthen currency stability, spur economic growth and increase trade activity in the region. Thus, this research provides valuable insight into the urgency of regional cooperation in managing dependence on global currencies, especially the US Dollar.

This article examines the role of the agricultural sector in efforts to reduce poverty and enhance welfare in developing countries. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the extent to which the agricultural sector can contribute to the improvement of social and economic conditions in these nations. The research method involves the analysis of secondary data from various sources, including agricultural production data, food consumption patterns, and socio-economic and policy factors that influence the agricultural sector. The results of the study indicate that the agricultural sector plays a significant role in reducing poverty and enhancing welfare in developing countries. Firstly, the agricultural sector provides employment opportunities for a significant portion of the rural population, often the most vulnerable to poverty. Consequently, the agricultural sector contributes to increased income and access to economic resources for rural communities. Secondly, the agricultural sector also plays a crucial role in providing sufficient and affordable food for the population in developing countries. This positively impacts nutrition and public health, subsequently affecting the quality of life and overall welfare. By improving productivity and access to food resources, the agricultural sector can help reduce hunger and malnutrition. Thirdly, the agricultural sector has the potential to support national economic growth by supplying raw materials to the food processing and textile industries. This creates additional economic opportunities and enhances the competitiveness of developing countries in the global market.