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This study aims to analyze inventory control of catfish seeds at ABC Company by comparing the conventional inventory method represented by the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) approach and the Just In Time (JIT) system in order to improve cost efficiency. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with company management, and documentation of inventory and cost records for the 2024 operational period. The analysis method involved calculating optimal order quantities, ordering frequency, delivery frequency, and total inventory costs using EOQ and JIT formulas, followed by a comparative cost efficiency analysis. The results show that the conventional method resulted in a total inventory cost of Rp 75,050,000 per year with high ordering frequency. In contrast, the implementation of the JIT system reduced inventory costs to Rp 18,762,500 per year, achieving a cost efficiency of 72%. These findings indicate that the JIT system is more cost-efficient than the conventional method; however, its implementation requires careful consideration of supplier capacity, logistics readiness, and biological risks associated with live inventory. This study contributes empirical evidence on the applicability of JIT in the aquaculture sector, which has different characteristics from manufacturing industries.

This study aims to analyze the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee productivity at the Semarak Dana Mojokerto Savings and Loan Cooperative.  The problem of low discipline and performance of marketing staff is an important background, given the limited empirical studies on human resource factors in micro cooperatives in Indonesia.  This study uses a quantitative approach with a total sampling technique on 35 respondents.  The instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, consisted of 28 statement items measured on a 1–5 Likert scale, with validity and reliability tests showing good results (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.70). Multiple linear regression analysis was used with the help of SPSS 26. The results of the study show that job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on productivity (β = 0.723, p < 0.05), as does organizational commitment (β = 0.555, p < 0.05). Simultaneously, these two variables contribute to an increase in employee productivity with a coefficient of determination of 77.8%.  These findings support the theories of Locke (1976) and Meyer & Allen (1991) and are in line with previous studies, although the context of micro cooperatives provides unique characteristics. The practical implications of this study encourage cooperatives to strengthen their reward systems, provide training, and improve work SOPs, particularly in marketing services. The limitations of this study lie in the small sample size and cross-sectional design. Future research is recommended to use a larger sample, a longitudinal approach, and include moderator variables such as work motivation or organizational culture.

This study centers on examining the impact of digital literacy, entrepreneurial characteristics, and competitive advantage on entrepreneurial success. In the rapidly evolving digital era, the ability to utilize information technology has grown to be a crucial aspect in supporting business activities, specifically for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This analysis employs a quantitative method using surveys aimed at MSME entrepreneurs. Multiple linear regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. The outcomes reveal that digital literacy, entrepreneurial characteristics, and competitive advantage have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial success. These findings suggest that enhancing digital literacy, entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors, and strategies to build competitive advantage are key factors in achieving business success.

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in global economic growth. However, not all entrepreneurs achieve success. This study aims to deeply examine the mindset and character that serve as the fundamental basis for entrepreneurial success, as well as the influencing factors and strategies for fostering these qualities based on a literature review. Through a literature review method, it was found that successful entrepreneurs possess a growth mindset, are solution-oriented, and adaptive, supported by specific thinking methods like BETSCA (Bricolage, Effectuation, Think Structurally, Cognitive Adaptability). Furthermore, key characters such as commitment, creativity, resilience, risk-taking propensity, and networking ability are crucial elements. The study also identified various driving factors and types of motivation (intrinsic-extrinsic) in entrepreneurship. Another important finding is that the entrepreneurial spirit and character can be learned and developed through personal commitment, a supportive environment, education, and continuous learning processes. The conclusion of this study asserts that the combination of the right mindset and strong character, along with the ability to continuously develop both, is essential for increasing the chances of success in the world of entrepreneurship.

Companies face new challenges in maintaining compliance with business ethics in the digital era which is characterized by technological advancements and globalization. It is essential to implement business laws to ensure that the company's practices not only comply with applicable regulations but also follow high moral standards. The study looks at how business law can help with ethical compliance in the digital environment, including data protection, transparency, and social responsibility. Using case studies from various industries, this study shows that consistent application of business laws and ongoing ethical counseling can create a strong culture of compliance. As a result, the company can not only reduce legal risks but also build a good reputation in the eyes of the public and consumers.

This article discusses the importance of ethics, morals and morals in the context of sharia banking in Indonesia. With increasing public awareness of sharia values, sharia banking strives to provide financial services that meet the principles of justice, transparency and social responsibility. Sharia-based business ethics not only require bankers to behave honestly, but also understand the moral norms that govern social and business interactions. Morality rooted in religious and cultural values ​​is a guideline in maintaining the integrity of financial institutions. Meanwhile, morals reflect individual character which is formed through education and experience, which is very important in maintaining the public's reputation and trust in financial institutions. This article also identifies the challenges of implementing ethics and morals in sharia banking, and provides suggestions for increasing the understanding and application of these values ​​among banking professionals. By understanding ethics, morals and manners, it is hoped that more ethical and sustainable business practices can be created so that they can make a positive contribution to society.

Social and economic welfare reflects the quality of life in a region and is influenced by local social, economic, and environmental factors. East Java, as the second most populous province in Indonesia, faces challenges in improving the welfare of its residents, particularly due to varying regional characteristics such as employment, education, and population demographics. To understand the patterns of interrelationships among factors affecting welfare, this study conducted a klaster analysis to group regions based on similar characteristics. The klaster analysis employed both hierarchical (complete linkage) and non-hierarchical (K-means) approaches to determine the optimal number of klasters. The results revealed that the level of diversity across regions in East Java tends to be homogeneous in social and economic aspects, with average values exceeding standard deviations. Assumption tests for the klaster analysis confirmed that the data met the assumptions of multivariate normal distribution and dependency.Through hierarchical (complete linkage) and non-hierarchical (K-means) klaster analysis, two main klasters were formed, dividing districts/cities in East Java based on welfare characteristics. Using the complete linkage method, 27 regions were grouped into klaster 1, and 11 regions into klaster 2, while K-means grouped 26 regions into klaster 1 and 12 regions into klaster 2. Out of the six variables used, one variable was found to be insignificant in influencing the klastering results. Based on the mapping results, the grouping aligns with similar criteria, where urban areas predominantly fall into one klaster, and the other klaster is dominated by rural areas.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the work environment, individual characteristics and employee performance at Bank Syariah Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach using literature study and technical content analysis. In the work environment at Bank Syariah Indonesia there is a huge support for the creation of a company's activity processes. With a good working environment, good and pleasant working conditions will be created, this can provide employee morale. According to (Rahmawanti et al., 2014). a work environment that is always around workers who are able to influence them in carrying out the tasks they have been burdened with. Meanwhile, individual characteristics are that each person must have different views, goals, abilities and needs from each other. These differences will bring habits into the world of work, which will cause self-satisfaction and cause differences between each other even though they work in the same place. An employee's performance is the result of a person's work during the period of work, for example standards, targets or target criteria that have been determined in advance and have been mutually agreed upon.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) refers to voluntary actions that are not directly rewarded by the formal reward system but that contribute to organizational effectiveness. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a reflection of the added value of employees and contributes to job performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. PT Erindo Mandiri is a company engaged in the production of bottled mineral water. This study aims to evaluate the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) at PT Erindo Mandiri, as well as to ascertain how HR management can improve company effectiveness through OCB. In this case, the researcher employs an associative method with the objective of discerning the impact of job satisfaction (X1) and organizational commitment (X2) on the organizational citizenship behavior variable (Y) at PT Erindo Madiri. The results of the research conducted at PT Erindo Mandiri indicate that job satisfaction and organizational commitment exert a positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The conjunction of these two variables engenders augmented individual and collective efficacy, as well as organizational systems that culminate in superior HR performance, characterized by minimal absenteeism and negligible deviations.

This study analyzes the characteristics, risk, and return of stocks and bonds in Indonesia. The data used is historical data on stock and bond prices traded on the IDX during a 10-year period, from 2014 to 2024. The analysis methods used are descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that stocks offer the potential for higher returns than bonds, but also with higher risk. Bonds offer better income stability and lower risk than stocks. The investment decision between stocks and bonds depends on the individual's risk profile and investment goals. Diversification remains an important investment strategy, regardless of risk profile.

This research explores the impact of implementing incentives at the Bu Ira basic food agency in Krian, Sidoarjo on employee performance, with a focus on sales bonuses and non-financial incentives. The research results show that sales bonuses related to target achievement provide additional motivation for employees to increase sales, especially when bonuses are linked to certain products that have higher profits. Additionally, non-financial incentives such as recognition for good performance have proven effective in building team spirit and increasing job satisfaction. The discussion involved understanding that incentive design must be tailored to the grocery store context, taking into account the unique characteristics of this industry. Sales bonuses, when tied to specific types of products, can provide a greater motivational boost for employees. Recognition of good performance can be realized in the form of promotion or additional training, providing added value in employee career development. Flexibility in incentive design, effective communication, and continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of incentive programs are the keys to success. The results of this research provide insight for business owners and managers in the grocery agency industry to design incentive programs that suit employee needs and business goals, as well as accommodate changes in the industrial environment.

The novel The Last Shoe tells the story of the life of a father named Pak Marwan. The character Pak Marwan in the novel The Last Shoe is the main character of the story. Mr, Marwan is a shoe craftsman whose name is known as the “father of shoes”. Pak Marwan opened a shoe business and made the name of his village known to many people. This type of research is qualitative research which aims to understand social phenomena, including the phenomenon being studied. The descriptive method of analysis is to describe the facts followed by content analysis. The data in this research is in the form of discourse related to the object of research is the novel The Last Shoe by Toni Tegar Sahidi. The primary data source in this research is the next of the novel The Last Shoe. Data collection techniques use heuristic and hermeneutic reading methods. The results of this research are to find out the characterizations contained in the novel The Last Shoes by Toni Tegar Sahidi, namely responsible, hardworking, business style, and teaching employees to be independent.

This research aims to describe the application of the precautionary principle in dealing with bad credit and to determine the assessment in providing financing to PT. BSM Kcp Script. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques use interviews and documentation, data analysis uses qualitative data analysis techniques using inductive thinking, and this research data uses primary data sources obtained from supporting sources, namely books, the internet and literature. other. PT. BSM Kcp Aksara has applied the precautionary principle in bad credit using the 5C principle analysis, which includes Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Colliteral as well as producers that customers must go through in submitting financing applications, providing financing, paying financing installments and obstacles to bad credit. . The results of this research, PT. BSM Kcp Aksara in implementing the principle of prudence in the financing that has been carried out is not good enough, BSM provides financing by emphasizing the 5C principle which includes Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Collateral. The important thing in providing financing to customers is Collateral (Guarantee). Judging from the results of customer data, the 5C principle has not been able to completely prevent bad credit due to the Account Office (AO) being less careful in analyzing financing. However, BSM's consistency in handling problematic financing customers has been carried out according to producers by collecting them periodically and providing warning letters I, II and III in stages.  

The background of this research is that in an institution engaged in the health sector, because in an institution human resources are very important in achieving success. The aim of this research is to explain the influence of work ethic and individual characteristics on employee performance. This research uses purposive sampling. The sample in this study was 41 employees from a population of 71 Prambon Health Center employees. In this study, the results showed that work ethic and individual characteristics partially had a significant effect on the performance of Prambon Health Center employees. While simultaneously the two variables have a significant effect on the performance of Prambon Health Center employees.

Training and development of human resources (HR) is very important for every company to maximize the skills of its employees. The quantitative approach focuses on symptoms that have certain characteristics in order to observe the relationship between 2 or more variables. According to the results of the study with the PLS SEM test, descriptive analysis, and hypothesis testing, the results can be seen: training has a significant positive effect on employee performance when viewed from the results of p values, namely 0.019 <0.05. HR development has a significant positive effect on employee performance if you look at the p values of 0.000 <0.05. Job training has a significant positive effect on motivation from the hypothesis test, namely p values 0.002 <0.05. HR development has a significant positive effect on work motivation seen from the results of the hypothesis test, namely the p value of 0.000 <0.05. Motivation has a significant positive effect on employee performance seen from the hypothesis test, namely the p value of 0.002 <0.05    

In this era of globalization, marketing is more of an information warfare between different parties with the aim of making sales. The marketing environment is rapidly changing, and with these changes, the need for information, latest products, shifts in buyer attitudes and behaviors towards decision-making and product acquisition, as well as the ability to identify opportunities in appropriate marketing, becomes essential. This paper is a literature review using a qualitative descriptive approach, aiming to describe product mix strategies. The methodology employed for data collection is documentation, along with various articles and books, followed by content analysis. The findings of this paper reveal that studying consumers can provide insights for the development of new products, product uniqueness, pricing, distribution channels, advertising messages, and other new marketing elements. A focal point for understanding behavior is the stimulus-response model. Buyer characteristics and decision-making processes lead to specific buyer decisions. The marketing task involves comprehending what occurs in the buyer’s consciousness from external stimuli to the emergence of the buyer's purchasing decision.