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Picky eating is a prevalent issue among preschool children, often leading to nutritional deficiencies, disrupted growth, and increased parental stress. This systematic literature review aims to explore the management of picky eating through complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) and compares these findings with contemporary interventions. Picky eating behaviors can significantly affect children’s eating patterns, leading to challenges in maintaining a balanced diet. Although traditional medical interventions focus on behavioral modification and nutritional counseling, many parents are seeking alternative approaches to manage these behaviors in a more holistic and natural manner. This review encompasses studies published between 2015 and 2025, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "Alternative Therapy," "Picky Eating," and "Preschool Children." The review population consists of 20 articles, and the sample includes 5 selected studies that meet the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of complementary and alternative therapies in managing picky eating behaviors. Data analysis utilized thematic analysis, with the findings analyzed thematically to draw conclusions regarding the efficacy of CAT. The results indicated that mindfulness practices, dietary practices, Tuina massage as a traditional therapy, taste exposure, sensory learning, and nutrition education were all effective in reducing picky eating behavior among children aged 1 to 5 years. These approaches not only helped to improve children’s acceptance of a wider variety of foods but also contributed to the reduction of stress for both children and parents. The findings suggest that integrating these alternative therapies into conventional practices can provide a comprehensive and effective strategy to address picky eating in preschool children. Future research is needed to further explore the long-term impacts of these therapies and to identify the most suitable combinations for different individual needs.

This study presents a cross-national analysis of adolescent mental health and academic stress to explore their interrelations and broader implications for global educational policies. Using data from Bangladesh, Gambia, and Indonesia, the research examines how academic expectations, pressure to perform, and school environments affect students' psychological well-being in diverse cultural, educational, and socioeconomic contexts. The study identifies significant patterns and disparities in mental health outcomes, revealing that stress levels and psychological challenges vary significantly between countries. In Bangladesh, medical students face a critical mental health burden, with high levels of anxiety, stress, digital addiction, and sleep deprivation being common issues. This situation underscores the pressing need for mental health interventions in the education sector, particularly within high-pressure fields such as medical studies. Conversely, in Gambia, there has been a notable increase in inpatient mental health admissions, suggesting a growing awareness of mental health issues and improved access to institutional care. However, the decline in community-based mental health services presents a critical challenge, as these services are essential for sustainable mental health support outside of hospital settings. In Indonesia, while academic stress is prevalent, the focus has been on improving institutional care and psychological support for students, yet there remains a gap in addressing stressors within the school environment. This study emphasizes the urgent need for inclusive, student-centered educational reforms that prioritize mental health support systems and advocate for the integration of mental health services into educational settings. The findings suggest that global educational policies must consider these country-specific challenges and trends in order to create more balanced academic environments that foster both mental well-being and academic success

Picky eating is a prevalent issue among preschool children, often leading to nutritional deficiencies, disrupted growth, and increased parental stress. This systematic literature review aims to explore the management of picky eating through complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) and compares these findings with contemporary interventions. Picky eating behaviors can significantly affect children’s eating patterns, leading to challenges in maintaining a balanced diet. Although traditional medical interventions focus on behavioral modification and nutritional counseling, many parents are seeking alternative approaches to manage these behaviors in a more holistic and natural manner. This review encompasses studies published between 2015 and 2025, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "Alternative Therapy," "Picky Eating," and "Preschool Children." The review population consists of 20 articles, and the sample includes 5 selected studies that meet the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of complementary and alternative therapies in managing picky eating behaviors. Data analysis utilized thematic analysis, with the findings analyzed thematically to draw conclusions regarding the efficacy of CAT. The results indicated that mindfulness practices, dietary practices, Tuina massage as a traditional therapy, taste exposure, sensory learning, and nutrition education were all effective in reducing picky eating behavior among children aged 1 to 5 years. These approaches not only helped to improve children’s acceptance of a wider variety of foods but also contributed to the reduction of stress for both children and parents. The findings suggest that integrating these alternative therapies into conventional practices can provide a comprehensive and effective strategy to address picky eating in preschool children. Future research is needed to further explore the long-term impacts of these therapies and to identify the most suitable combinations for different individual needs.

Implant contraception is one of the long-term birth control methods that is effective in preventing pregnancy. However, the use of implant contraception is often associated with side effects, one of which is weight gain. This weight gain can affect compliance and sustainability of the use of implant contraception in the community. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between the use of implant contraception and weight gain in the Bolaang Mongondow area. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of implant contraception and weight gain in acceptors in the Bolaang Mongondow area. Method: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were 30 respondents who were acceptors of implant contraception in the Bolaang Mongondow area. Data collection was carried out through interviews and weight measurements before and after using implant contraception. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The results showed that most respondents experienced weight gain after using implant contraception. Statistical analysis with the chi-square test produced a p-value = 0.009, which means that there is a significant relationship between the use of implant contraception and weight gain. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the use of contraceptive implants and weight gain in acceptors in the Bolaang Mongondow area. This weight gain is likely caused by hormonal changes that occur due to the use of contraceptive implants. Suggestion: Further education is needed for prospective acceptors of contraceptive implants regarding possible side effects, including weight gain. In addition, health workers need to provide assistance and weight management strategies, such as education on healthy eating patterns and physical activity, to reduce the impact of contraceptive implant use.

This study presents a cross-national analysis of adolescent mental health and academic stress to explore their interrelations and broader implications for global educational policies. Using data from Bangladesh, Gambia, and Indonesia, the research examines how academic expectations, pressure to perform, and school environments affect students' psychological well-being in diverse cultural, educational, and socioeconomic contexts. The study identifies significant patterns and disparities in mental health outcomes, revealing that stress levels and psychological challenges vary significantly between countries. In Bangladesh, medical students face a critical mental health burden, with high levels of anxiety, stress, digital addiction, and sleep deprivation being common issues. This situation underscores the pressing need for mental health interventions in the education sector, particularly within high-pressure fields such as medical studies. Conversely, in Gambia, there has been a notable increase in inpatient mental health admissions, suggesting a growing awareness of mental health issues and improved access to institutional care. However, the decline in community-based mental health services presents a critical challenge, as these services are essential for sustainable mental health support outside of hospital settings. In Indonesia, while academic stress is prevalent, the focus has been on improving institutional care and psychological support for students, yet there remains a gap in addressing stressors within the school environment. This study emphasizes the urgent need for inclusive, student-centered educational reforms that prioritize mental health support systems and advocate for the integration of mental health services into educational settings. The findings suggest that global educational policies must consider these country-specific challenges and trends in order to create more balanced academic environments that foster both mental well-being and academic success

Implant contraception is one of the long-term birth control methods that is effective in preventing pregnancy. However, the use of implant contraception is often associated with side effects, one of which is weight gain. This weight gain can affect compliance and sustainability of the use of implant contraception in the community. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between the use of implant contraception and weight gain in the Bolaang Mongondow area. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of implant contraception and weight gain in acceptors in the Bolaang Mongondow area. Method: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were 30 respondents who were acceptors of implant contraception in the Bolaang Mongondow area. Data collection was carried out through interviews and weight measurements before and after using implant contraception. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The results showed that most respondents experienced weight gain after using implant contraception. Statistical analysis with the chi-square test produced a p-value = 0.009, which means that there is a significant relationship between the use of implant contraception and weight gain. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the use of contraceptive implants and weight gain in acceptors in the Bolaang Mongondow area. This weight gain is likely caused by hormonal changes that occur due to the use of contraceptive implants. Suggestion: Further education is needed for prospective acceptors of contraceptive implants regarding possible side effects, including weight gain. In addition, health workers need to provide assistance and weight management strategies, such as education on healthy eating patterns and physical activity, to reduce the impact of contraceptive implant use.

The World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the Ministry of Health strongly advocate for the initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and continued breastfeeding up to two years alongside safe and nutritious complementary feeding. Despite these recommendations, one of the main barriers to achieving exclusive breastfeeding is insufficient breast milk production. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding frequency and milk production adequacy among postpartum mothers. To achieve this, an analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 38 participants. Data was collected through questionnaires that assessed breastfeeding patterns, milk production, and other related factors. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to determine any significant associations. The univariate analysis revealed that the majority of postpartum mothers (60.5%) reported irregular breastfeeding patterns, and more than half (55.3%) of the participants stated that they experienced inadequate milk production. Further analysis through bivariate tests showed a significant association between the frequency of breastfeeding and the adequacy of milk production, with a p-value of 0.003. This suggests that mothers who breastfeed more regularly may experience better milk production, which can contribute to healthier infant nutrition. These findings highlight the importance of encouraging regular breastfeeding practices in the early postpartum period to enhance milk supply. Improving awareness and providing support for mothers in establishing a consistent breastfeeding routine could play a crucial role in overcoming challenges related to inadequate milk production and achieving the recommended exclusive breastfeeding practices. Further research may be needed to explore other factors that contribute to successful breastfeeding and milk production.

The World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the Ministry of Health strongly advocate for the initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and continued breastfeeding up to two years alongside safe and nutritious complementary feeding. Despite these recommendations, one of the main barriers to achieving exclusive breastfeeding is insufficient breast milk production. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding frequency and milk production adequacy among postpartum mothers. To achieve this, an analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 38 participants. Data was collected through questionnaires that assessed breastfeeding patterns, milk production, and other related factors. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to determine any significant associations. The univariate analysis revealed that the majority of postpartum mothers (60.5%) reported irregular breastfeeding patterns, and more than half (55.3%) of the participants stated that they experienced inadequate milk production. Further analysis through bivariate tests showed a significant association between the frequency of breastfeeding and the adequacy of milk production, with a p-value of 0.003. This suggests that mothers who breastfeed more regularly may experience better milk production, which can contribute to healthier infant nutrition. These findings highlight the importance of encouraging regular breastfeeding practices in the early postpartum period to enhance milk supply. Improving awareness and providing support for mothers in establishing a consistent breastfeeding routine could play a crucial role in overcoming challenges related to inadequate milk production and achieving the recommended exclusive breastfeeding practices. Further research may be needed to explore other factors that contribute to successful breastfeeding and milk production.

Mistrust in healthcare settings presents a substantial obstacle to achieving health equity, particularly in regions with unique socio-cultural contexts. This qualitative study explores the multifaceted role of patient trust in enhancing health equity within general hospitals in the Aceh Province, Indonesia, a region with a complex history and distinct cultural norms. Through a review of recent literature (2020-2025), this analysis focuses on how trust influences patient engagement, healthcare utilization patterns following the implementation of Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA), and ultimately, health outcomes across the province. The study reveals that while JKA has improved overall healthcare access, geographical disparities and financial constraints beyond insurance coverage continue to hinder equitable healthcare utilization. Furthermore, the crucial role of healthcare providers in building trust through cultural competence, effective communication, and empathy is highlighted. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that address the root causes of medical mistrust, promote culturally sensitive care, and reduce the social and economic barriers to accessing quality healthcare. This research emphasizes the critical need for healthcare providers and institutions to actively build and maintain trust, especially with under-represented groups, to ensure equitable access and quality of care and improve health equity in Aceh. Future research should evaluate interventions designed to strengthen patient-provider trust and address social determinants of health.

Mistrust in healthcare settings presents a substantial obstacle to achieving health equity, particularly in regions with unique socio-cultural contexts. This qualitative study explores the multifaceted role of patient trust in enhancing health equity within general hospitals in the Aceh Province, Indonesia, a region with a complex history and distinct cultural norms. Through a review of recent literature (2020-2025), this analysis focuses on how trust influences patient engagement, healthcare utilization patterns following the implementation of Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA), and ultimately, health outcomes across the province. The study reveals that while JKA has improved overall healthcare access, geographical disparities and financial constraints beyond insurance coverage continue to hinder equitable healthcare utilization. Furthermore, the crucial role of healthcare providers in building trust through cultural competence, effective communication, and empathy is highlighted. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that address the root causes of medical mistrust, promote culturally sensitive care, and reduce the social and economic barriers to accessing quality healthcare. This research emphasizes the critical need for healthcare providers and institutions to actively build and maintain trust, especially with under-represented groups, to ensure equitable access and quality of care and improve health equity in Aceh. Future research should evaluate interventions designed to strengthen patient-provider trust and address social determinants of health.

In the digital era, communication technology enhances interaction quality across various sectors, including healthcare. Communication between doctors and patients can be improved through innovative digital media platforms. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness and implementation of digital media in doctor-patient interactions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital media platforms on doctor-patient communication and identify factors influencing the effectiveness of such communication. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach over six months, with inclusion criteria comprising doctors and patients actively using digital media. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling, involving 20 doctors and 50 patients. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify critical patterns and themes. The findings indicate that digital media usage enhances the accessibility and responsiveness of communication, enables real-time health monitoring, and increases patient satisfaction through more personal and interactive communication. Factors such as doctors' digital skills, patients' preferences, and institutional support play significant roles in communication effectiveness. Digital media also reduce communication errors and improve the efficiency of health information delivery. The implications of this study suggest that integrating digital technology in medical communication enhances interaction quality and accelerates digital transformation in the healthcare sector.

In the digital era, communication technology enhances interaction quality across various sectors, including healthcare. Communication between doctors and patients can be improved through innovative digital media platforms. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness and implementation of digital media in doctor-patient interactions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital media platforms on doctor-patient communication and identify factors influencing the effectiveness of such communication. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach over six months, with inclusion criteria comprising doctors and patients actively using digital media. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling, involving 20 doctors and 50 patients. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify critical patterns and themes. The findings indicate that digital media usage enhances the accessibility and responsiveness of communication, enables real-time health monitoring, and increases patient satisfaction through more personal and interactive communication. Factors such as doctors' digital skills, patients' preferences, and institutional support play significant roles in communication effectiveness. Digital media also reduce communication errors and improve the efficiency of health information delivery. The implications of this study suggest that integrating digital technology in medical communication enhances interaction quality and accelerates digital transformation in the healthcare sector.

Akidah Akhlak as a subject in Islamic education at MI PSM Gedoro often faces challenges in student engagement due to its perceived monotony. In this study, the Jigsaw learning model is applied to address this issue, with the aim of clarifying the teacher's presentation of the material, addressing active student participation, and overcoming space limitations to make learning more effective. In this model, the teacher provides each student with the opportunity to study a portion of the material so that they become experts in their respective areas. This expertise is then taught to their peers in other groups. Peers in other groups also study different parts of the material and become experts in their areas. The interaction that occurs is a sharing pattern of learning, where each student gains high confidence due to having unique expertise needed by others. Each student will feel interdependent and reliant on others. The choice of the Jigsaw learning model for the Akidah Akhlak subject is intentionally made to engage students actively during the learning process, review previously learned material, gain a detailed understanding of the content, and build good cooperation among peers. Classroom Action Research (CAR) is used as the research methodology. The results of the first cycle show that 34.78% of students scored above 75, which increased to 82.61% in the second cycle. This indicates that the Jigsaw learning model effectively enhances student engagement and learning result.

Akidah Akhlak as a subject in Islamic education at MI PSM Gedoro often faces challenges in student engagement due to its perceived monotony. In this study, the Jigsaw learning model is applied to address this issue, with the aim of clarifying the teacher's presentation of the material, addressing active student participation, and overcoming space limitations to make learning more effective. In this model, the teacher provides each student with the opportunity to study a portion of the material so that they become experts in their respective areas. This expertise is then taught to their peers in other groups. Peers in other groups also study different parts of the material and become experts in their areas. The interaction that occurs is a sharing pattern of learning, where each student gains high confidence due to having unique expertise needed by others. Each student will feel interdependent and reliant on others. The choice of the Jigsaw learning model for the Akidah Akhlak subject is intentionally made to engage students actively during the learning process, review previously learned material, gain a detailed understanding of the content, and build good cooperation among peers. Classroom Action Research (CAR) is used as the research methodology. The results of the first cycle show that 34.78% of students scored above 75, which increased to 82.61% in the second cycle. This indicates that the Jigsaw learning model effectively enhances student engagement and learning result.

The child's relationship with his parents is very important and influences the child's development, including how his mental health. In Indonesia in 2011, toddlers who usually temper tantrums this in one year, 23 - 83% of children aged 2 to 4 years. From the preliminary study results obtained population of research is 65 couples parents and children. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether there is a Parent Parenting Relationship Against Temper Tantrum In Pre-School Children In TK PGRI 2 Malang. Method: This research is analytic research and research design that used is cross sectional research design. Sampling technique in this research is using purposive sampling technique, using questionnaire instrument with sample 55 people. This research uses non parametric data analysis method with statistical test used Chi square table and degress of freedom (DF). Result: From statistic analysis using SPSS calculation with Chi square table and degress of freedom (DF) with 5% significance level(13,341 ≥ 3,481) so that H0 in rejected means there is relation between parenting parenting with temper tantrum in pre school children in TK PGRI 2 Malang City Year 2017. Conclusion: Increase knowledge about parenting parenting and temper taantrum in children through  follow counseling, reading books, brochures and leaflets.

The child's relationship with his parents is very important and influences the child's development, including how his mental health. In Indonesia in 2011, toddlers who usually temper tantrums this in one year, 23 - 83% of children aged 2 to 4 years. From the preliminary study results obtained population of research is 65 couples parents and children. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether there is a Parent Parenting Relationship Against Temper Tantrum In Pre-School Children In TK PGRI 2 Malang. Method: This research is analytic research and research design that used is cross sectional research design. Sampling technique in this research is using purposive sampling technique, using questionnaire instrument with sample 55 people. This research uses non parametric data analysis method with statistical test used Chi square table and degress of freedom (DF). Result: From statistic analysis using SPSS calculation with Chi square table and degress of freedom (DF) with 5% significance level(13,341 ≥ 3,481) so that H0 in rejected means there is relation between parenting parenting with temper tantrum in pre school children in TK PGRI 2 Malang City Year 2017. Conclusion: Increase knowledge about parenting parenting and temper taantrum in children through  follow counseling, reading books, brochures and leaflets.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2019 is still high, namely 27.7%, still far from the WHO standard which should be below 20%. Stunting threatens the productivity of Indonesia's human resources. Overcoming it is part of an effort to protect children. The nutritional status of pregnant women and children under five is a central point in preventing stunting. The mother's knowledge about healthy food and a nutritious, diverse, balanced, and safe diet (B2SA) determines the nutritional intake of the family. This paper is intended to reveal local functional foods that have the potential to produce healthy, healthy food to prevent stunting in the community. This paper is prepared based on a Meta-Analysis of literature studies and community good practices. The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is not caused by food security, indicators of availability and accessibility, but rather by utilization. The utilization of local food diversity, both vegetable and animal, in Indonesia has the potential to be developed into functional food as healthy food to prevent stunting. It takes knowledge, technology, and assistance for the community to develop it.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2019 is still high, namely 27.7%, still far from the WHO standard which should be below 20%. Stunting threatens the productivity of Indonesia's human resources. Overcoming it is part of an effort to protect children. The nutritional status of pregnant women and children under five is a central point in preventing stunting. The mother's knowledge about healthy food and a nutritious, diverse, balanced, and safe diet (B2SA) determines the nutritional intake of the family. This paper is intended to reveal local functional foods that have the potential to produce healthy, healthy food to prevent stunting in the community. This paper is prepared based on a Meta-Analysis of literature studies and community good practices. The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is not caused by food security, indicators of availability and accessibility, but rather by utilization. The utilization of local food diversity, both vegetable and animal, in Indonesia has the potential to be developed into functional food as healthy food to prevent stunting. It takes knowledge, technology, and assistance for the community to develop it.

Behavioral health disorders in children, such as anxiety and depression, are on the rise, and early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This paper explores the use of smart wearable devices to monitor behavioral health in children. By tracking physiological signals such as heart rate, sleep patterns, and stress levels, these devices provide real-time data that can help caregivers and healthcare professionals identify early signs of behavioral health issues and initiate timely treatment.

Behavioral health disorders in children, such as anxiety and depression, are on the rise, and early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This paper explores the use of smart wearable devices to monitor behavioral health in children. By tracking physiological signals such as heart rate, sleep patterns, and stress levels, these devices provide real-time data that can help caregivers and healthcare professionals identify early signs of behavioral health issues and initiate timely treatment.