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Anxiety before childbirth is a common psychological condition experienced by pregnant women, particularly those who are primigravida. Such anxiety can be influenced by various factors, including lack of knowledge, fear of pain, and uncertainty about the childbirth process. Prenatal classes are educational programs designed to improve pregnant women’s understanding, confidence, and readiness in facing labor. These classes typically provide information about pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum care, and newborn care. However, the extent to which prenatal classes effectively reduce anxiety before childbirth requires further investigation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the implementation of prenatal classes and labor anxiety levels among pregnant women. A quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach was used. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using standardized anxiety questionnaires administered before and after participants attended prenatal classes. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The findings revealed a significant relationship between participation in prenatal classes and a reduction in labor anxiety, with a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that prenatal classes can play an important role in preparing pregnant women mentally and emotionally for the childbirth process. The interactive education and supportive environment provided during these sessions help participants gain confidence and reduce fear. It is recommended that healthcare providers in health facilities continue to optimize the delivery of prenatal classes by incorporating more interactive methods and involving family members. Family support, in combination with structured prenatal education, can further enhance the effectiveness of these programs in reducing childbirth-related anxiety.

Anxiety before childbirth is a common psychological condition experienced by pregnant women, particularly those who are primigravida. Such anxiety can be influenced by various factors, including lack of knowledge, fear of pain, and uncertainty about the childbirth process. Prenatal classes are educational programs designed to improve pregnant women’s understanding, confidence, and readiness in facing labor. These classes typically provide information about pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum care, and newborn care. However, the extent to which prenatal classes effectively reduce anxiety before childbirth requires further investigation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the implementation of prenatal classes and labor anxiety levels among pregnant women. A quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach was used. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using standardized anxiety questionnaires administered before and after participants attended prenatal classes. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The findings revealed a significant relationship between participation in prenatal classes and a reduction in labor anxiety, with a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that prenatal classes can play an important role in preparing pregnant women mentally and emotionally for the childbirth process. The interactive education and supportive environment provided during these sessions help participants gain confidence and reduce fear. It is recommended that healthcare providers in health facilities continue to optimize the delivery of prenatal classes by incorporating more interactive methods and involving family members. Family support, in combination with structured prenatal education, can further enhance the effectiveness of these programs in reducing childbirth-related anxiety.

Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women, particularly during the third trimester, due to physiological changes such as increased body weight, shifting of the body’s center of gravity, and hormonal influences that loosen ligaments, as well as biomechanical changes in posture and gait. If not managed properly, back pain can negatively affect maternal comfort, mobility, and quality of life during pregnancy. One non-pharmacological method that has been shown to alleviate such discomfort is prenatal massage, which aims to reduce muscle tension, improve circulation, and promote relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal massage on back pain in third-trimester pregnancy at PHC Bulango. A quantitative approach was applied using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 30 pregnant women in their third trimester participated as respondents, selected based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected through observation and structured interviews using a standardized pain scale to measure back pain intensity before and after the intervention. Prenatal massage was administered following recommended maternal health protocols to ensure safety and comfort. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test to compare mean pain scores before and after the intervention. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in pain levels, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that prenatal massage had a meaningful effect in alleviating back pain among participants. The findings support the conclusion that prenatal massage is an effective, safe, and easily applicable non-pharmacological intervention for reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. Based on these results, prenatal massage can be recommended as a complementary practice in antenatal care services to enhance maternal comfort and well-being during pregnancy, alongside other supportive health interventions.

Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women, particularly during the third trimester, due to physiological changes such as increased body weight, shifting of the body’s center of gravity, and hormonal influences that loosen ligaments, as well as biomechanical changes in posture and gait. If not managed properly, back pain can negatively affect maternal comfort, mobility, and quality of life during pregnancy. One non-pharmacological method that has been shown to alleviate such discomfort is prenatal massage, which aims to reduce muscle tension, improve circulation, and promote relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal massage on back pain in third-trimester pregnancy at PHC Bulango. A quantitative approach was applied using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 30 pregnant women in their third trimester participated as respondents, selected based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected through observation and structured interviews using a standardized pain scale to measure back pain intensity before and after the intervention. Prenatal massage was administered following recommended maternal health protocols to ensure safety and comfort. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test to compare mean pain scores before and after the intervention. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in pain levels, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that prenatal massage had a meaningful effect in alleviating back pain among participants. The findings support the conclusion that prenatal massage is an effective, safe, and easily applicable non-pharmacological intervention for reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. Based on these results, prenatal massage can be recommended as a complementary practice in antenatal care services to enhance maternal comfort and well-being during pregnancy, alongside other supportive health interventions.