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Traditional association rule analysis is effective at uncovering co-purchase patterns but fails to provide a global structural view of the market, which often results in fragmented and isolated insights. This study proposes a hybrid framework that integrates the Apriori algorithm with a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) in order to validate and contextualize association rules within a single structural backbone. Transaction data from a retail store are transformed into a weighted, undirected product graph using an inverse-support function, and an MST is then extracted to represent the market backbone, while frequent itemsets and strong rules are obtained using Apriori. Experimental results on 236 multi-item transactions show that the MST backbone comprises 10 products and 9 fundamental links, with 66.67% of these links being confirmed by strong association rules, indicating a substantial coherence between statistical and structural evidence. The proposed model identifies 41 Apriori patterns that can be embedded in the MST and ranks them using a new metric, Structural Distance, which enables the categorization of Core Patterns, Bridge Patterns, and Complex Patterns according to their structural tightness. This hybrid perspective distinguishes dense, strategically meaningful bundles from anomalous but frequent combinations that are structurally peripheral, thereby offering a more holistic and actionable alternative to conventional Market Basket Analysis. The validated framework can support various applications, including store layout optimization, cross-selling strategies, and the design of path-based recommender systems, and it opens avenues for future extensions based on dynamic graphs and Graph Neural Networks.

Relational databases store information in interconnected tables and are widely used for data management and retrieval. However, in certain environments, the original values stored in a relational database cannot be exposed during data retrieval. This limitation creates a challenge because common encryption methods only transform data for storage and do not support mathematical operations needed for value matching. Partially Homomorphic Encryption is a cryptographic approach that allows specific mathematical operations to be performed directly on transformed data without restoring it to its original form. This study proposes the use of Partially Homomorphic Encryption to enable value-based data retrieval while keeping all stored values in their transformed form throughout the entire process. The method relies on homomorphic properties that allow mathematical comparison to be conducted on encrypted data, making the retrieval process possible without revealing the original values. The results show that this approach can perform data retrieval operations in a relational database while preserving the transformed structure of the stored data. The proposed method offers an alternative for environments that require data retrieval without exposing original values and demonstrates the potential of homomorphic techniques in supporting secure and functional data processing in relational database contexts.

Keterbatasan akses sumber listrik di wilayah terpencil atau situasi darurat sering kali menghambat ketersediaan daya bagi perangkat telekomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang bangun alat pengisi daya (charger) hibrida yang mengintegrasikan penyimpanan energi kimia baterai dan konversi energi mekanik dinamo sebagai solusi alternatif. Metode penelitian menggunakan Research and Development (R&D) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menguji stabilitas tegangan dan efektivitas pengisian daya. Prototipe dirancang menggunakan baterai 18650, dinamo 12V, dan modul regulator tegangan untuk menstabilkan luaran. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi regulator berhasil menstabilkan fluktuasi tegangan dinamo (rentang 5–12V) menjadi tegangan konstan 5V yang aman bagi ponsel. Pengujian efektivitas selama 15 menit menunjukkan kenaikan kapasitas baterai ponsel sebesar 5–10% pada mode baterai dan 2–4% pada mode dinamo. Disimpulkan bahwa meskipun mode dinamo memiliki efisiensi yang lebih rendah akibat variabilitas putaran manual, alat ini layak diimplementasikan sebagai solusi catu daya darurat (emergency kit) yang portabel, ekonomis, dan memiliki redundansi energi yang andal.

This study presents a machine learning approach for predicting the dimensions of microstrip antenna slots based on antenna performance parameters such as frequency, gain, directivity, return loss (S11), radiation efficiency, and VSWR. A two-phase methodology was employed. In the first phase, ten regression algorithms were evaluated, and Random Forest was identified as the most effective model based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and R-squared (R²) scores. In the second phase, hyperparameter tuning was conducted using Grid Search to further improve the model’s performance. The optimized Random Forest model demonstrated consistent improvements in predictive accuracy, with R² values increasing across all output variables. These results indicate that the combination of regression-based modeling and systematic hyperparameter tuning is effective for capturing complex relationships in antenna design tasks. The proposed approach offers a promising data-driven alternative for geometric prediction in microstrip antenna development, particularly when analytical models are insufficient.

This research aims to design and test a genset fuel conversion system from gasoline to HHO gas (brown gas) as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Conventional fossil-fueled generators face challenges in theform of limited resources and the impact of environmental pollution. In this study, HHO gas is produced through a water electrolysis process using an HHO generator that separates water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using electric current. The test results show that increasing the voltage from 2.58 V to 5.12 V significantly increases the volume of gas produced. At a voltage of 2.58 V, the gas volume reached 110 ml, and increased to 750 ml at a voltage of 4.72 V. The generator set was successfully operated for 1 minute 15 seconds with HHO gas using a separate battery power source. These results demonstrate the potential of HHO gas as an efficient alternative fuel for generator sets. This study recommends further testing with voltage and current variations to find the optimal configuration, as well as the use of a larger power source to increase the efficiency of HHO gas electrolysis.

Website is an existing facility on the internet, and is one of the alternative means of information and promotional media used to get new news. The purpose of making the site of SMK Negeri 1 OKU Selatan is to assist in promoting and informing the School so that it is easy to access by all people wherever they are. Therefore this study took the initiative to Build a School Website at SMK NEGERI 1 OKU SELATAN using PHP & MYSQL as a means of promotion and information. The research subjects in this thesis are South OKU 1 Public Vocational School The software used in making South Oku 1 South Vocational School website is Adobe Photoshop CS3, XAMPP, PHP, Sublime Text and MySQL. The result of this final project is a website for SMK Negeri 1 Oku Selatan, the website was developed using PHP and MySQL. The contents contained in the website are in the form of information about agencies such as: profile, department, gallery and contact that can be contacted at the SMK NEGERI 1 OKU SELATAN institution.

Based on the observations that have been made at the Arri’ayah Islamic Boarding School in Lembak Village, Lembak District,Muara Enim Regency, the problems found are. Teaching and learning activities that are less interactive, in learning the law of tajwid in hidayatus sibyan’s book, students are still difficlut to understandt the material and there needs to be other alternatives to help students understand the materia being studied, one alternative is the use of technology for education, namely by using learning media. Especially now that may students are not interested in learning to use books, they reason that learning to use book is boring which ultimately impacts on students’ lack of understanding of the material that has been presend, tharefore that researcher designed learning media for the law of tajwid hidayatus sibyan, so that students are more interested when study, in collecting data researchers used descriptive qualitativ methods including conducting interviews, direct observation, and literature study and are built using UML (Unifield Modelling Language).

Achievement ability is a pinnacle of the learning process, at this stage students prove the success of learning at school SD Negeri 17 Gunung Megang. However, as the learning process progresses, several things occur that can affect this success. One of them is the problem of declining achievement scores, both academic and non-academic scores. The value of achievement that decreases or increases can be influenced by various factors. All problems need to be resolved so that the school can find a solution to increase or maintain the value of student achievement for the next period. Based on these problems, a Decision Support System is needed that can help the school in seeing the effect of student achievement. The method used in making decisions on the effect of student achievement is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. AHP can be compiled based on a hierarchical model that is made together with decision makers in order to provide solutions through the highest weight value in each criterion and alternative that is served. The decision support system with the AHP method can determine the priority weight of the criteria.

Covid-19 has spread widely with various variants, disrupting human social activities, the activities in question include the implementation of events, but there are other alternatives by utilizing technology, events can still be held online. However, the number of events that are held online makes it difficult for someone to find the event they want because there are too many events on the website so someone experiences information overload. Therefore, the authors conduct research with the goal to make it easier for someone to find the event they want by implementing a recommendation system on the website. In this study, the authors make a recommendation system using the Content-Based Filtering method in recommending an online event. The results of this study obtained an accuracy of 86% of the performance of the model carried out by SVM.

The behavior of changing the use of technology for business actors is very rapid. Information of system is form of data that has been processed through a certain model into information that can be used by the recipient in making decisions. Some MSME actors with a Data List of product images and detailed information on their products to be marketed to customers using laminated paper. Marketing information using the Website implements CMS with E-Catalog as an alternative solution. Reader and Viewers can view the Catalog privately or together. The treatment of the Plugin model with the CMS that has been embedded on the website is reliable because it is online. Several list images are displayed on WhatsApp Status and social media to introduce products to the public with the aim of increasing sales volume and selling in the market. This is an obstacle if one day people need pictures but do not have complete detailed information. High purchasing power is expected to be created from the spread of E-Catalog regarding products from MSMEs that have been installed on the E-Catalog website. Websites with online CMS can be opened on any device by requiring an internet connection, making it easier for marketing and complete information for consumers, customers and MSME business players.

Football School (SSB) is a supporting facility for children who have potential in the field of soccer in order to improve their skills. Football is a large ball game played in teams with a team of 10 players and 1 goalkeeper. In this game, teamwork is an important value that must be possessed to achieve competitive victory. However, along with problems in the form of discrepancies in operational standardization in soccer schools, causing negative public perceptions of the existence of this school. Therefore, a research was conducted to build a decision-making model in determining the choice of soccer schools in accordance with legal standards for children, namely using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The AHP method is one method that can solve a problem because there is a hierarchy where there are several important aspects, namely Objects, Criteria, Sub Criteria, and Alternatives. By combining data and knowledge, it can increase effectiveness in decision makers. It is hoped that in the future, this research can help the community to support their children in the field of soccer by determining the appropriate soccer school.

Teeth are one of human‘s organs that feeds on food. As an organ, the tooth definitely can be attacked by some disease. There are many cases of dental disease that occur from dental diseases common to people to chronic dental diseases that can be dangerous. The low level of public concern about dental disease is a problem faced today. Evidenced by the small number of people who diligently consult with dentists about the health of their teeth. An alternative option is needed that can make it easier for people to be able to consult or diagnose dental health and disease without having to see a doctor of dental health. Therefore, in this essay an expert system was created to provide alternative choices for people. This expert system was created with the php hypertext preprocessor programming language. Using the forward chaining method as a tracking method. The purpose of making this expert system is to be able to be a substitute for a dental expert so that people can already do the diagnosis of dental disease anywhere and anytime.

Online shopping is the process of purchasing goods / services by consumers to realtime sellers, without services, and through the internet. The development of online business in Indonesia is now very rapid, one of them by shopping online. Online stores or we often call e-commerce is a form of change that is presented by the internet in terms of innovation in shopping by providing various facilities in the transaction process. The aim of the writer is to determine the best e-commerce, therefore the author uses the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method because the method is able to make a more precise assessment because it is based on the value of criteria and preference weights that have been determined, besides that the SAW method also can select the best alternative from a number of alternatives because there is a ranking process after determining the weights for each attribute.

The waste processing and renewable energy are being the issues in the industrial 4.0 era. Kitchen and organic trash in the rural areas will become a disaster if there is no solutions. On the other hand, kitchen and organic waste have a positive side, that they can be converted into biogas which can be converted into electricity. On the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 27 of 2014, supports the development of biogas and will buy electricity from the biogas conversion. The potential for biogas that obtained by the organic trash per 1000 people is 7619.8 liters of biogas, it meas that the energy contained is still abundant and the production can still be increased if processed with a modern digester system. This research produces a tool in the form of a portable digester that named GenBIoT (IoT-based Biogas Generator) which can be used by the public to produce biogas that  used by home industries or general factories. This research used the research method that similar to System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), this tool is built with several stages starting from planning analysis, designing, functional testing, data analysis and reporting of the results or implementing this tool that can be used as an alternative, as a cheap and easy source energy. This tool is based on the Internet of Things so that this tool can be monitored regarding gas pressure in the reactor, biogas volume and it will detect if there is a biogas leak so it will displayed on the system. To produce the maximum biogas composition, 50% of cow dung is required, 40% of kitchen trash and 10% of water with a ratio of 5: 4: 1 so it will produce 40 kg of biogas with a volume of methane gas (VGM) 0.11 m3 of biogas for cow dung. and 0.04 m3. The third experiment becomes the basis of future biogas production with energy produced from biogas per day of 716.39 Wh

The community's need for electricity is getting higher, so alternative energy sources such as solar heat are needed to replace energy sources from fossil fuels in meeting electricity needs. In this paper we design a two-axis solar tracker with an LDR sensor. A sun tracking system is a unit that is combined into one to control the position of the tracking device with the aim of making the surface of the solar panel module always facing the direction of sunlight. This research discusses the Prototype of the Sun Tracking System in Arduino Based Solar Power Generation Systems to get maximum solar energy. This system will make solar panels move automatically so that sunlight absorption can be maximized. The main control uses Arduino nano which gets input values ​​from the LDR sensor then is processed to the output system. With the control system method can automatically be seen the difference in the results of a fixed solar panel with a solar panel with a tracker, from the comparison we get a solar panel with a tracker to get more optimal results.  

The increase in motorized vehicles in urban areas is followed by an increase in cases of motorcycle theft due to the lack of public awareness about the motorcycle security system. The intensity of motorcycle theft with its disclosure is still far in comparison. Crime will also increase, such as cases of theft of motor vehicles, especially motorbikes. Cases of motorcycle theft still often occur, this happens because there is still a lack of security systems contained in motorized vehicles that only use ignition. the existence of an alternative safety system is needed because the average key of a conventional motorcycle is easily penetrated by thieves. A double motorcycle safety device (Doble Smart Lock) composed of an RFID and Personal Identification Number (PIN) and an ATMega microcontroller. This system serves to provide two-stage security. The first stage is a microcontroller in the form of a PIN and the second stage is an RFID system. If the first stage breaks then it will enter the second stage, namely the RFID system The results in the form of a main tool for motorcycle management consists of: Power supply, RFID Card, RFID Reader, Personal Identification Number (PIN), IC / Microcontroller ATMega and already running. The system testing process shows the number 3 in the expert validation test and the number 3 in the expert validation trial. Based on the above calculation, it can be concluded that the validation results from the expert show that the value of 3 is between 2 - 3, which is classified in the valid category. The system process shows the number 3 in the expert validation and the number 2.9 in the validation trial of the user. Based on the above calculation, it can be concluded that the validation results from the user point to a value of 2.9 between 2 - 3 which is classified in the valid category.