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This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Bravo PUPR Online attendance system in improving the work discipline of Civil Servants (ASN) at the National Road Implementation Center of East Nusa Tenggara. The research focuses on punctuality of attendance, consistency in fulfilling working hours, task completion, compliance with attendance procedures, alignment between recorded data and actual conditions, and acceptance of consequences for violations. The study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, documentation, and interviews with leaders, system operators, and ASN as direct users. The results indicate that the implementation of the Bravo PUPR Online attendance system has improved administrative order in attendance and increased ASN awareness of time discipline. However, work discipline has not been fully optimal, as several issues remain, such as inconsistent attendance, suboptimal fulfillment of working hours, and discrepancies between attendance data and actual field conditions. In addition, technical constraints such as internet connectivity and GPS accuracy, as well as behavioral factors like negligence and lack of supervision, also affect system effectiveness. In terms of compliance, the Bravo system integrated with e-HRM is considered effective in detecting violations and enforcing strict consequences, ranging from warnings to administrative sanctions. This demonstrates that the attendance system functions not only as a recording tool but also as an instrument for monitoring discipline.

This study examines eschatology within the framework of Catholic faith as a reflection of faith and hope of salvation, not merely as a depiction of the end times. The background highlights the need to avoid reducing eschatology to a sole event of judgment day, by emphasizing the close relationship between eschatology, Christology, and soteriology, as well as the role of faith in the daily life of Catholic believers. The aim of the study is to articulate eschatology as an integrative framework that connects faith, hope, love, sacraments, liturgy, and inculturation in the Church’s praxis, and to consolidate the active participation of the faithful in the Kingdom of God, which has been initiated but not yet completed. The research method is descriptive-analytical literature review, comparing the views of experts, the Church Magisterium, and contemporary liturgical and theological documents to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework. The main findings indicate that Catholic eschatology functions as a moral and spiritual engine: (1) it integrates the “already and not yet” in the experience of faith; (2) it links eschatological hope with the actions of love, justice, and social liberation; (3) it bridges private faith with sacramental practice and inculturation. Theological and pastoral implications include strengthening faith formation, participation in liturgy, and an imaginative response to present-day social and environmental challenges. This narrative affirms a living, inclusive, and relevant eschatology for the Church’s life of faith in the contemporary era.

The problem of stunting is still a serious issue in health development in Indonesia because it has an impact on the quality of human resources. This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Pagomogo Village Government in handling stunting. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants were determined using purposive sampling consisting of village governments, health workers, cadres, and the community. The results of the study show that the village government has implemented various programs, such as Supplementary Feeding (PMT), strengthening Human Development Cadres (KPM), improving services through community institutions, and sanitation development. However, the implementation of the program has not been optimal because it is still constrained by economic factors, low public awareness, limited counseling, and access to clean water. This study concludes that the main problem does not lie in the availability of programs, but in the implementation and sustainability aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen community empowerment, improve education, and evaluate results-based programs.

Amid the accelerating rhythm of digital culture, academic competition, and the changing patterns of student life in higher education, the formation of Muslim student character has become an increasingly urgent concern. A campus mosque can no longer be viewed merely as a place of worship; it must also be understood as a strategic nonformal Islamic educational space that nurtures spirituality, morality, social awareness, and student identity in a more contextual way. This study aims to analyze the role of the campus mosque as a space for shaping Muslim student character through the Islamic mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum, Telkom University. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach based on document study and thematic analysis of scholarly articles, mentoring program documents, and relevant works on campus mosques, religious moderation, and student character education. The findings show that the mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum is systematically designed through a clear structure, curriculum, methods, evaluation tools, and mentor regeneration, all of which are integrated with the institutional values of Harmony, Excellence, and Integrity. Socioculturally, the program functions not only as a medium for religious instruction but also as a process of value internalization, habituation of religious practice, strengthening of moderation, and construction of Muslim student identity within a technology-oriented university environment. This study proposes a conceptual understanding that the campus mosque can serve as a strategic space for shaping Muslim students who are religious, moderate, collaborative, and adaptive in the digital era.

Advances in information and communication technology have encouraged governments to integrate digital systems into public service delivery through e-government initiatives. In Riau Province, the Riau application at the Soeman H.S. Library exemplifies this implementation. This study examines how the Riau application enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of public services within the library. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Findings show that the application provides convenient online access to library information and services. However, challenges remain, including limited financial resources, dependence on external parties, and insufficient feature development to meet user needs fully. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, improving infrastructure, and formulating strategic plans to sustain digital library services. In line with Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution, regional governments possess autonomy to manage local affairs, aiming to improve public welfare through enhanced services, community empowerment, and civic participation while promoting regional competitiveness with attention to equity and democratic values. Following Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003, digital governance transformation is necessary to reduce bureaucratic barriers, integrate workflows, and support inter-institutional collaboration.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of Don’s character in the film Jumbo using K.M. Weiland’s character arc framework. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-interpretative approach. Data were collected through repeated viewing of selected scenes that represent character development, and analyzed based on narrative structure, including exposition, inciting incident, rising conflict, climax, and resolution, as well as supported by visual elements such as facial expressions, gestures, and cinematic composition. The findings reveal that Don’s character undergoes a dynamic and gradual transformation. Initially, he is driven by a strong need for social validation, which develops into a negative change arc as he reinforces false beliefs and exhibits increasingly egoistic behavior. At the climax, Don reaches a critical turning point that triggers self-reflection. Ultimately, he transitions into a positive change arc, demonstrated through empathy, responsibility, and concern for others. This study highlights that character development in film is constructed through the interplay of conflict, social relationships, and a structured narrative process.

Self-development is a crucial competence for navigating the professional world; however, many individuals face significant barriers in optimizing this potential. This study aims to formulate an integrative model of Quranic Tadabur and bibliotherapy as a professional therapeutic intervention in counseling, addressing gaps in existing literature. Using a library research method with content analysis, the findings indicate that Quranic Tadabur effectively enhances essential self-development skills, including self-awareness, work motivation, problem-solving, time management, emotional regulation, critical and creative thinking, and social collaboration. Within the bibliotherapy framework, the self-development process is structured through stages of motivation, incubation, follow-up, and evaluation. Furthermore, several counseling techniques are proposed, such as self-management, minimal contact, counselor-led management, and directed counseling, to support individual growth. This integrative approach highlights the role of spirituality in fostering holistic personal and professional development. The study contributes theoretically to the advancement of spirituality-based counseling models, particularly in the context of modern career development, and offers a conceptual foundation for future empirical research.

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are an important legal tool for trademark ownership, protecting business quality, and protecting a company's economic interests. Consumers build trust in trademarks because they signal distinct product quality and reflect a positive and consistent corporate image. Trademark protection is regulated by national law under Trademark Law No. 20 of 2016, which provides legal certainty for trademark owners. This law stipulates that a trademark is only valid if it has distinctive elements, is not imitative, and has been officially registered with an authorized institution. The "first come, first served" principle in Indonesian trademark law can be interpreted as a mechanism that grants rights to the first party to file a valid application. However, the application of this principle in practice often raises complex legal issues, particularly when a trademark has already gained widespread public recognition prior to its formal registration. This study focuses on evaluating this legal protection through a normative legal research method by examining applicable laws, regulations, and court decisions related to trademark disputes in Indonesia. The Geprek Bensu dispute has attracted public attention because it highlights the conflict between legal provisions regarding trademark ownership and public perception. This case demonstrates that the existing legal framework still requires further refinement to balance the interests of trademark registrants with those of parties who have built public reputation through prior commercial use. Therefore, legal reform and consistent law enforcement are essential to ensure fair and comprehensive trademark protection in Indonesia.

Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.

Copyright is a key pillar of the Intellectual Property Rights system, providing legal protection for creative works in the arts sector, particularly musical works. Within the copyright framework, the most crucial aspect is economic rights, namely the exclusive right of creators to derive financial benefit from any use of their works. However, the reality on the ground demonstrates the rampant use of songs for commercial purposes without proper authorization, which directly harms creators. This article analyzes economic rights violations in the context of commercial use, using the case study of the song "Akad" by Payung Teduh as a case study. This research uses normative legal methods through a statutory and legal conceptual approach. The research findings indicate that the exploitation of songs for material gain without the explicit consent of the rights holder constitutes a clear violation of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Such violations carry serious legal consequences, including civil liability in the form of compensation payments and criminal sanctions. Therefore, synergy between firm law enforcement and increased collective public awareness is necessary. These efforts are vital to guaranteeing the protection of creators' economic rights while creating a healthy, fair, and sustainable creative industry ecosystem in Indonesia for all arts stakeholders.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a strategic initiative by the Indonesian government to address the long-standing issues of malnutrition and stunting, which have significantly hindered human resource (HR) development in Indonesia. The program aims to improve children's nutrition and reduce stunting by providing free nutritious meals, particularly in areas with limited access to healthy food. This study aims to analyze the legal framework of MBG, its effectiveness in achieving its goals, and its impact on national development. Using a qualitative approach, the study analyzes the implementation of MBG through document analysis, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and field observations. The findings highlight challenges within the program, including imbalanced food distribution, inadequate infrastructure in remote areas, and suboptimal food quality control, which resulted in several food poisoning incidents in 2025. Nevertheless, the program has a positive economic impact by empowering micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) involved in food supply. The study suggests strengthening the monitoring system, improving budget management, and better coordination between government sectors and communities to maximize the success of MBG. It also emphasizes the importance of nutrition education campaigns to support the program's goals. Overall, MBG is a crucial step toward creating a healthier and more productive generation, supporting the achievement of Indonesia's Golden Generation by 2045..

Language is a means of communication between individuals and groups to convey ideas, concepts, or insights. Language can be expressed orally or in writing. Spoken language is temporary or contemporary, while written language is permanent. Spoken language is delivered without an intermediary media, whereas writing serves as an academic archive to ensure that the conveyed insights are preserved. Therefore, writing is done, for example, in encyclopedias, which contain collections of information about science, knowledge, history, arts, technology, and others in a broad and easily understandable manner. Writing books is very important in delivering accurate and easily understood information, so the use of language must adhere to linguistic rules. However, errors are often found that can disrupt clarity and accuracy of information. This research aims to identify types of sentence errors in the encyclopedia book titled “Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia.” The study examines the use of language in accordance with linguistic rules using a qualitative method and a descriptive approach, analyzing data from various chapters in the book in depth. The results show errors in sentence structure, punctuation, and incorrect terminology, which can reduce the quality of the information. The benefit of this research is to provide recommendations for writers and publishers to improve the encyclopedia so that it becomes more informative and easier to understand, as well as to enhance the quality of scholarly works in the field of historiography.

This study aims to explain the level of student interest and various aspects that influence their interest in reading poetry among students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM) class of 2024. The research focuses on how students interpret poetry, factors that encourage and inhibit reading interest, and the role of the academic environment in shaping literary appreciation, especially poetry. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews and documentation to gain an in-depth understanding of students' experiences, views, and habits in reading poetry. The results show that students' interest in poetry is in the moderate category. Some students consider poetry to be beautiful and meaningful works, thus helping them to reflect on themselves and increase their interest in reading. However, others find it difficult to understand the implied meaning in poetry and consider poetry a complicated and less interesting genre. Factors that encourage interest in reading poetry include the active role of lecturers in presenting interesting poetry material, campus literary activities such as poetry readings and competitions, and the existence of student communities that focus on writing and literary appreciation. Meanwhile, obstacles found include limited literacy facilities such as reading rooms and poetry book collections, low student personal motivation, and the dominance of digital media which is more practical and entertaining than printed literary works. This research emphasizes the importance of creative learning strategies and support for campus activities to revitalize the culture of reading poetry so that literary appreciation can develop more optimally.

This study examines the words structure of two selected songs, “Kekal” and “Di Akhir Perang”, from Nadin Amizah’s album Untuk Dunia, Cinta, dan Kotornya, with a focus on identifying and interpreting the functions of open class words and closed class words within the lyrical composition. The background of this research lies in the growing interest in understanding how contemporary Indonesian songwriters construct meaning through linguistic choices that contribute to the emotional depth of their works. The objective of this study is to analyze how open class words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs contribute to semantic imagery, while closed class words such as pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and aspects establish grammatical cohesion and narrative continuity. Using qualitative descriptive methods, the lyrics were segmented, categorized, and interpreted based on linguistic theory to reveal the semantic and grammatical roles of each word class. The findings show that open class words dominate the emotional and metaphorical landscape of the songs, functioning as carriers of imagery, personal vulnerability, and symbolic representation of healing, love, and existential reflection. Meanwhile, closed class words serve as structural anchors that link ideas, mark relationships between clauses, and maintain narrative fluidity, particularly in expressing inner conflict and the resolution of emotional war depicted in the lyrics. The study concludes that Nadin Amizah’s lyricism is not only aesthetically expressive but also linguistically strategic, revealing a deliberate interplay between lexical creativity and grammatical precision. These findings imply that linguistic analysis can enrich the appreciation of contemporary Indonesian music and open new perspectives for future studies in stylistics, discourse analysis, and cultural semantics.

Language processing disorders are disorders that arise when someone is under mental stress or experiencing deep emotional trauma. This study aims to analyze the various types of language processing disorders experienced by the character Tari in the film "Bolehkah Sekali Saja Aku Menangis" (May I Cry Once) and to determine the relationship between the character's emotional state and the linguistic symptoms that appear. This study uses a qualitative approach with a naturalistic approach and analytical descriptive methods, where data are collected through observation and recording of dialogues in the film that show signs of language disorders. Samples were taken purposively based on statements that indicate irregularities in sentence structure, long pauses, repetitions, or inappropriate word choices. This analysis compares the results of the study with existing psycholinguistic theories regarding how language processing works and the influence of trauma on speech production. The findings of this study indicate four main types of language processing disorders experienced by the character Tari: unfinished sentences, long pauses, repetitions of words or phrases, and inaccuracies in word choice. These types of disorders are more apparent when the character experiences high emotional stress and when interacting with family members related to her trauma.  The results of this study support the theory that emotional trauma can disrupt verbal working memory function and speech planning processes, ultimately impeding communication skills.

Christology is the theological study of the person, nature, and work of Jesus Christ. This paper traces the development of Christology from the first century to the fifth century, highlighting the theological dynamics that took place in the early church. In the first century, Christology was based on the teachings of the apostles and the New Testament writings, with the main debate being over the humanity and divinity of Christ. The second and third centuries were characterized by the emergence of various theological schools, such as Gnosticism, Docetism, and Monarchianism, which prompted the church to affirm orthodox teachings. In the fourth century, the Council of Nicea (325 AD) and the Council of Constantinople (381 AD) played an important role in rejecting Arianism and affirming the oneness of Christ's essence with the Father. The fifth century witnessed more complex Christological debates, culminating in the Council of Ephesus (431 AD) and the Council of Chalcedon (451 AD), which established that Christ has two natures divine and human in one undivided person. This research confirms that the development of Christology in the first five centuries provided the foundation for Christian doctrine that continues to influence theological thought today.

This research was designed with the aim of examining in depth the motivation in increasing the teaching creativity of tutors at the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution. This research used qualitative methods with a descriptive research model by describing objects as they are. The research results show that motivation in increasing the teaching creativity of tutors at the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution can be said to be good. This can be seen from the system created by the institution so that it can bring out the enthusiasm or intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation that tutors have in teaching so that the tutor's creativity in teaching also increases. Apart from that, the model used by the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution in motivating its tutors is to use a human resources model which focuses on providing feedback not only obtained through material but also immaterial things and meaningfulness in teaching as well as supporting motivation which can increase the teaching creativity of tutors in ASIEQ Educare tutoring agency. The strategies used by the ASIEQ Educare tutoring institution include; a) get to know all members of the ASIEQ Educare family well, b) assign tutors according to their respective interests and abilities, c) all members of the ASIEQ Educare family are considered work friends, d) activate regular discussions in order to carry out self-development with each other in the learning process.

This study discusses citizenship rights within the framework of the rule of law in Indonesia, focusing on both theoretical and practical aspects. Citizenship is a crucial element in the legal system, as it grants individuals legal status, through which they can access civil, political, and social rights. However, despite the constitutional guarantee of citizenship rights, their implementation in Indonesia still faces various challenges, particularly regarding stateless individuals, children from mixed marriages, and limited access to citizenship documents. This research employs a normative juridical and comparative method by analyzing Indonesia's citizenship regulations and comparing them with countries such as Canada and Germany. The findings indicate that Indonesia needs to reform its citizenship policies to be more inclusive and aligned with international standards. Recommendations include addressing statelessness issues, simplifying the administrative process for obtaining citizenship, and aligning policies with international principles. Therefore, it is expected that Indonesia's citizenship policies can provide more equitable and fair protection for all its citizens.

The overarching goal of this study is to gain a deeper familiarity with Pancasila, its guiding principles, and its significance as a national framework. The theory that serves as the basis for this research's discussion is derived from the findings of literature studies conducted with a variety of existing sources, including in-depth expert journals, articles, and books. Given Pancasila's significance as a state, the author is keen on re-examining its application as the foundation of the state. This highlights the significance of Pancasila's implementation for any nation.

The La Galigo epoch is an important literary work that depicts the deep intercultural relationship between the archipelago and China. The story, which focuses on Sawerigading's adventures, not only presents an epic story but also reflects the significant cultural, economic, and political exchanges in Southeast Asia's maritime region. Since the 7th century, the archipelago has been a vital trade route connecting various cultures, with Chinese traders playing a key role in the flow of goods and knowledge. Through the La Galigo Epos, it can be seen how elements of Chinese culture, including shipping technology, trade practices, and social values, have contributed to the development of the archipelago's cultural identity. This integration not only enriches the local culture, but also expands the social and economic horizons of the community. The relationship between the two cultures is the foundation for emerging social and governmental dynamics, demonstrating the positive impact as well as the challenges faced in complex cultural interactions. This epoch is not just a story, but also a historical document that provides important insights into the development of maritime cultural identity in Southeast Asia. By tracing the intercultural relationships established in the La Galigo Epos, we can understand how these interactions shape the region's cultural diversity and richness, as well as provide valuable lessons for future generations in preserving cultural heritage.