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The Qur'an al-Karīm employs at least four principal terms in referring to human beings, namely al-basyar, al-insān, al-nās, and banī Ādam. These terms are not merely synonymous; rather, each represents distinct yet complementary dimensions of humanity in constructing a holistic concept of the human being. This study aims to: (1) analyze the semantic meanings of these four terms based on mufrodat studies, Makkiyah-Madaniyah classification, and asbābun nuzūl; (2) compare the interpretations of classical scholars - Al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, Al-Qurṭubī, and Fakhr Al-Rāzī - with those of contemporary scholars - Sayyid Quṭb, Ibn ‘Āshūr, M. Quraish Shihab, and Buya Hamka; and (3) formulate their implications for Islamic education. This research employs a library research method using the tafsīr maudhū‘ī approach integrated with Izutsu’s semantic analysis model. The findings reveal that al-basyar represents the physical-biological dimension of human beings; al-insān represents the spiritual dimension in relation to ‘ubūdiyyah toward Allah; al-nās represents the social-collective dimension; and banī Ādam represents the intellectual-rational dimension inherited from Adam through the divine gift of teaching al-asmā’ (Qur'an 2:31). Collectively, these four dimensions provide fundamental implications for the development of objectives, curriculum, methodology, and evaluation within holistic and comprehensive Islamic education.

Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.

The inner conflict of the main character in the novel entitled Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan is interesting to research through the study of literary psychology. The inner conflict experienced by the main character in the novel begins when the main character finds the woman of his dreams and searches for an identity that he has not yet believed in. The aim of this research is to describe the inner conflict experienced by the main character of the novel Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan. This type of research is a literature study. The approach used is a literary psychology approach. The method used is a qualitative method. The data collection technique used is a documentation technique in three ways, namely, literature study, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The instrument used is a data card for the classification of intrinsic elements and forms of inner conflict. The analysis technique used is content analysis technique. The presentation of the results of data analysis is carried out descriptively. The results of this research found intrinsic elements in the form of characters and characterization, plot and setting. The second thing was found to be 47 data on the form of inner conflict in the form of (6) anxiety, (1) obsession, (3) frustration, (12) guilt, (7) hurt, (1) fear, (5) inability, (12) angry. This research can be used as an alternative teaching material at the high school/vocational school level.

The purpose of this research is to provide understanding of English phonology to the learners who are new with English phonology. The method used in this research is literature review. This discussion explores the study of English sounds, known as English phonology. It covers important topics for beginners, such as understanding the basic units of sounds (phonemes) and their variations (allophones). The chat also introduces processes like assimilation, dissimilation, and deletion that affect how sounds change in spoken English. Additionally, it explains vowel and consonant reduction, which impact how certain sounds are pronounced. Lastly, the chat provides an overview of classifying consonant and vowel sounds based on their characteristics. By learning about these aspects, beginners can improve their pronunciation, understand different sound patterns, and enhance their overall communication skills in English.

The purpose of this research is that researchers want to see language acquisition in the field of syntax for a 6-year-old child named Rizky Ramadhan. The source of the data that is the object of this research is the speech or oral utterance of a 6-year-old child named Rizky Ramadhan in the field of syntax. The method used in this research is descriptive research with qualitative data analysis. Data collection techniques carried out by researchers in this study used listening, interviewing and recording techniques. The results of this study indicate that a 6-year-old child named Rizky is able to produce words and sentences in every activity. This can be proven from his daily speech with his interlocutor, namely the researcher, biological mother, and also the child's brother. The theory used in analyzing Rizky's speech refers to Abdul Chaer about sentence classification which includes news sentences (declarative), interrogative sentences (interrogative), imperative sentences, and exclamation sentences (interjective). The results of this study are that Rizky has been able to utter 22 declarative sentences, 15 interrogative sentences, 9 imperative sentences, and 8 interrogative sentences. sentence form as shown in the results.