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Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is used as an important issue for both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this UHC is to protect the health budget for the community so that their needs and welfare can be met. UHC is given to all people, whether they are able or not economically able. One of the reasons why Indonesia's health quality is still not good is the cost of health services which are considered expensive. Therefore, the UHC program in Indonesia is quite important to deal with this problem. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing UHC in improving health services in Indonesia. The research design used in this study was a literature review using Google scholar and Pubmed to search for previous related articles. The criteria for related articles used are those published from 2019-2023 and a total of 6 journals have been collected. Based on the six related journals, the results show that UHC appears to be effective in improving the quality of health services in Indonesia. Universal Health Coverage System (UHC) Plan The UHC system has been modified by the government to meet the conditions and goals of a professional, efficient, effective and long-term National Health Coverage. the embodiment of UHC goals carried out by Indonesia, namely the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) which is a concrete step embodiment of the National Social Security System (SJSN).

Healthy behaviours are formed because individuals make decisions and commit to continuing habits that support the improvement or maintenance of health. Self-efficacy gives confidence to individuals to achieve goals to achieve good health conditions, but it is not uncommon for individuals to experience barriers in the commitment process. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and barrier to healthy behaviour. Researchers used cross section as a research design to take parameters of 186 respondents taken randomly which then the data will be analyzed in descriptive and inferential correlations. The results showed that there was a significant moderate positive relationship between self-efficacy and obstacles to healthy behaviour. Therefore, it is recommended to provide health services that focus on increasing confidence in individuals in order to reduce the constraints felt and prescribed by individuals and can study other factors that can also reduce barriers in healthy behaviour.

Regurgitation or often called spitting up is the passage of refluxed gastric contents into the pharynx or mouth, sometimes with expulsion from the mouth. Complications that occur when excessive spitting up causes Gastroesophageal Reflux, which is backflow from the stomach to the esophagus which causes damage to the esophageal wall. In Indonesia, the incidence of spitting up in infants aged 2 months is higher than other countries. 25% of babies spit up >4 times during the first month, 50% spit up 1-4 times a day until 3 months of age. 30% of mothers also experience anxiety about spitting up, where anxiety is related to spitting up frequency of 66% and spitting up volume of 9%. As well as symptoms that accompany spitting up such as crying and fussing. (IDAI, 2016). This type of research is experimental (experimental research) with a one shot case study/post test only design approach. The population in this study were all infants aged 0-6 months. The sampling technique in this study was carried out using a non-probability sampling technique, namely the type of purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 16 people. The instrument used is the observation sheet. The univariate analysis aims to explain or describe the distribution of spitting up frequencies in infants before and after massage. For numerical data, the mean or average value is used, and for categorical data, the chi-square is used. This study uses the Shapiro Wilk normality test to determine whether the data is normally distributed or not. Then a paired sample T-test was performed. The average value of spitting up before baby massage is 0.500 with a standard deviation of 0.516. The average value of spitting up after baby massage is done with an average value of 0.686 with a standard deviation of 0.479. The results of the statistical test using the Paired T-Test obtained a p value of 0.003, which means that Ho was rejected, so it can be concluded that there is a difference in the frequency of spitting up before and after baby massage. There are differences in spitting up disorders in babies who are massaged and not massaged. Where the average baby who was massaged did not spit up while the baby who was not massaged had spit up.

Background: Regional anesthesia is a major factor in safety patients during labor by Sectio Caesaria (SC). The rise of spinal anesthesia as a popular technique in use made possible by the development of a small needle with a tip pencil and has become the anesthetic method of choice for elective surgery and for multiple emergency cesarean deliveries if an epidural catheter not there yet. Research method: This research is an experimental analytic observational study with a cross sectional study approach. Result: Known Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.734 because the value of asymp. Sig (2-tailed) > 0.05 or 0.0734 > 0.05, it can be concluded that H0 is accepted, Ha is rejected, so no. Comparison between the use of hyperbaric bupivacaine and isobaric levobupivacaine in cesarean section patients with spinal anesthesia. Conclusion: There is no comparison between the use of hyperbaric bupivacaine and isobaric levobupivacaine in cesarean section patients with spinal anesthesia.

ABSTRACT. Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a common and widely performed operation on pregnant women and its prevalence is increasing every year. The incidence of cesarean section in Indonesia is around 22.8% of all deliveries. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section is very beneficial because of the simplicity of the technique, fast onset, reduced systemic toxicity but has the risk of complications that often occur after anesthesia and surgery are pain, nausea and vomiting. Objective: To analyze the comparison of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PON-V) between fasting and non-fasting in patients with caesarean section who underwent regional anesthesia. Research Methods: Experimental research with clinical trials and including quantitative research. It will be held in March 2021 at IBS RSUD Caruban, Madiun Regency. The sampling technique was probability sampling using consecutive sampling where the sample consisted of 30 SC surgery patients who were divided into two groups, namely 15 fasting and non-fasting patients with spinal anesthesia. Data analysis using Paired Sample T Test with SPSS 22.00 for windows. Result : Post operative nausea and vomiting occurred in both groups . The difference in the incidence of PON-V in both fasting and non-fasting groups in cesarean section patients, the T test (independent T Test) showed a p value of 0.380 (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in the comparison of PON-V between fasting and non-fasting patients in sectio cesarean surgery patients at Caruban Hospital, Madiun Regency in 2021.  

Hydrotherapy also called hydrothermal therapy, is the use of water,in any of its forms, for the maintanance of health or the treatment of disease (Wardle, 2013). Footbath is a kind of hydrotherapy. There are many benefits of footbath hydrotherapy for patients with heart failure such as to improve and/or maintain functional ability and quality of life. The aim of this research is to identification the effectiveness of hydrotherapy for oxigen saturation of patients with heart failure. The methodology of this research is use quantitative design with one group pretest and posttest with intervention group design. This research did Maret 2023 in The Integrated Heart Centre Haji Adam Malik Medan Hospital. 16 Responden of this group. According demografi charachteristic results in intervention group found that according of age patients majority (62.5%) are older age with 56-65 years mean 55.06+ 8.71.  Second half three respondent (62,5%) is men. According to education level majority respondent is Senior High School (62.5%). More than hal of respondent (62.5%) is Heart Failure Chronic > 60 months (5 years) (Mean + SD= 31,44 + 26,63). Almost all respondents (87,5%) had a family with history heart failure too. Pre and Post Paired t-test results are significant different for oxygen saturation at intervention groups (p<0,05) (SpO2: t= -1.581, p= 0.004  ). It means the effectiveness of hydrotherapy significantly can increase spO2.  This research has found that significant different of oxigen saturation of patients with heart failure after hydrotherapy in intervention group.

Gout Arthritis is a disease characterized by pain that occurs repeatedly caused by deposits of monosodium urate crystals that accumulate in the joints as a result of high levels of uric acid in the blood. One of the complementary therapeutic measures is a warm red ginger compress in gout arthritis patients. The purpose of this research is to determine the Effect of Giving Warm Red Ginger Compresses to Pain in Gout Arthritis Patients in Mahawu Village, Manado. The design of this study used a pre- experimental (one-group, pre-post test design). The sample in this study was 35 respondents taken using a total sampling instrument. The study used observation sheets and SOPs for measurement using the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). The data were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon statistical test with a significance level of = 0.05. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of giving red ginger warm compresses to pain in gout arthritis patients with p value = 0.000 <0.05 so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving red ginger warm compresses to reducing pain in gout arthritis patients in Mahawu Village, Manado. The conclusion of the study is that there is an effect of warm red ginger compresses on Gout Arthritis patients in Mahawu Village, Manad.

Entering elementary school age is a very important time for the continuity of a child's development. Children have many activities that are often directly related to a dirty environment that causes children to be susceptible to disease. Parental support in terms that are very important for children's independence, especially in personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to find out if there is a relationship between parental parenting and personal hygiene independence in elementary school children in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Manado. The design of this study uses a cross sectional approach. . This type of research is observational. The sample in this study was 50 respondents. Respondents with the measuring tool used in this study is questionnaires and then data collected and processed using the SPSS computer program,, to be analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results of the study using the Chi-square test found that the value of p value was less than a significant value (0.01<0.05) the results of this study showed that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. The conclusion that can be taken is the parenting of parents have a relationship to personal hygiene independence in elementary school children. The results of this study can be a means of education for parents in improving the independence of children's personal hygiene.

Hypertension is a condition where systolic blood pressure is more than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure is more than 80 mmHg which can be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). In addition to pharmacological therapy, hypertension management can also use non-pharmacological therapies, one of which is foot soak therapy in warm water. The purpose of this research is to determine effect of warm water foot soak therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension at Bailang Health Center Manado City. This study uses a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design without a comparison group. The population with the result that 165 people patients diagnosed with hypertension. The sampling process used a probability sampling technique  with the result that 15 respondents. Data collection was observations. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance value (?) of 0.05. From the results of the study was that there was an effect of warm water foot soak therapy on blood pressurein patients with hypertension at Bailang Health Center Manado City with a value of p = 0.008. This p value is smaller than the value of a = 0.05. The conclusion of this study was that there was an effect of warm water foot soak therapy on blood pressurein patients with hypertension. This p value is smaller than the value of a = 0.05. It is hoped that the respondents will be able to take advantage of warm water foot soak therapy as an alternative in lowering blood pressure and this can also be done regularly.

Discharge planning needs to be implemented from the time the patient enters the hospital until the day of discharge. Providing effective information can increase the knowledge and skills of patients and families to carry out independent care at home which is assumed to be ready for discharge so that it is hoped that rehospitalization events will not occur. This study aims to see whether there is an influence of Discharge planning model five on readiness to go home and family. The research design used a quasi experiment with a two group pre and post test using a purposive sampling approach carried out on inpatient students. The research instrument used the Readiness For Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) questionnaire. Data analysis used the Paired T test. The results of research on 30 respondents using the Independent T test on the average readiness to go home after (posttest) patients in the Intervention and Control groups obtained P value = 0.000 < ? (0.05) there was a difference in the average stress after (posttest) in the Intervention group with the control group. Based on this research, Discharge planning model five is able to increase patient readiness to go home and it is hoped that it can provide input to hospitals so that they can make Discharge planning model five as a method that can be given to patients when the patient is admitted until the patient wants to prepare to go home.

Sectio caesarea (SC) is a labor process in which the baby is removed from a mother's stomach by incision of the abdomen. Complications that often arise are nausea and vomiting. For nonpharmacological therapies include aromatherapy. Lemon aromatherapy has been widely used by women as much as 40% to relieve nausea, vomiting, and 26.5% of them have been reported as an effective way to control the symptoms of nausea, vomiting. Objective : to determine the effect of aromatherapy lemon essential oil nausea vomiting post sectio caesarea patients with spinal anesthesia at RST Slamet Riyadi Surakarta. Research Method : using quantitative research form one group pre-post test design. The study population was all secsio saesarea surgery patients with a sample of 30 respondents. The sampling technique is Purposive Sampling. Results : The effect of lemon essential oil aromatherapy on the response to nausea and vomiting in post-sectio caesarea patients with spinal anesthesia, in postoperative sectio caesarea patients with spinal anesthesia at RST Slamet Riyadi Surakarta (p <0.001 < 0.05) which means Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Sub Arachnoid Block (SAB) regional anesthesia produces a sympathetic block of muscle relaxation, and a sensory block against peripheral temperature receptors thereby inhibiting the compensatory response to temperature. A factor that can cause a decrease in core temperature and disruption of the information pathways coming from the first receptor is a sympathetic blockage that causes peripheral vasodilation. This research is a non-experimental quantitative research with correlational analytical research methods and cross sectional research design. The study sample amounted to 72 respondents of spinal anesthesia patients. Sampling with consequential sampling techniques, the statistical test used is distribution frekuency. Of the 16 people who experienced high blocks, (75%) experienced shivering and (25%) did not experience shivering. Of the 36 respondents who experienced moderate blocking, (58.3%) experienced shivering and (41.7%) did not shivering. Of the 20 respondents who experienced low spinal block, (70%) did not experience shivering and (30%) experienced shivering.. In conclusion, there is the height of the anesthetic spinal block and the incidence of intraoperative shivering at the Central Surgical Installation of RSUD Jombang.

Data Nasional Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 berjumlah 110.921 kasus dengan incedence rate DBD tertinggi di Jawa dan Bali sebesar 61.071 kasus, Pulau Sumatera sebesar 21.896 kasus, Jawa Barat sebesar 19.240 kasus, Jawa Timur sebesar 16.699 kasus. Kemudian untuk Incendence Rate terendah yaitu Jawa Tengah sebesar 8.501, Jakarta 8.408, Sumatera Utara sebesar 5.721, dan Lampung sebesar 5.369 kasus. Pada tahun 2020 total kasus DBD yaitu sebesar 95.893 kasus. Kasus DBD terbesar di 472 Kabupaten di 34 Provinsi terdapat 51 penambahan kasus DBD dan 1 kasus kematian sebanyak 73.35 persen atau 377 Kabupaten telah mencapai Incedence Rate kurang dari 49 per 100.000 penduduk. Kemenkes melaporkan terdapat 5 Kabupaten dengan kasus DBD tertinggi Buleleng sebesar 3.313 kasus, Bandung sebesar 2.547 kasus, Kota Bandung sebesar 2.363 kasus, Sikka sebesar 1.786 kasus, dan Gianyar sebesar 1.717 kasus

Pada lansia terdapat masalah kesehatan, salah satunya adalah hipertensi. Hipertensi merupakan kondisi peningkatan tekanan darah seseorang di atas normal yang dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan angka kesakitan (morbiditas) dan angka kesakitan (mortalitas) dan hingga saat ini hipertensi masi menjadi masalah kesehatan yang cukup besar untuk tetap diatasi pada seseorang yang sudah lanjut usia.

Kebutuhan spiritual adalah kebutuhan dasar manusia yang harus dipenuhi. Kebutuhan spiritual menunjukkan iman dalam pendekatan, harapan dan keyakinan kepada Tuhan dan kebutuhan untuk melatih agama yang di anut, yang harus dihargai dan dimaafkan oleh Tuhan yang sepenuhnya di katakan dan harus di pertahankan oleh individu secara konsisten untuk mendapatkan bantuan, kedamaian, keamanan, kekuatan, penghiburan dan pemulihan (Hardianto, 2017)

World Health Organization (WHO) mencatat pada tahun 2014 jumlah penderita kusta sebanyak 213.899 penemuan kasus baru kusta terdeteksi di seluruh dunia dengan kasus tertinggi berada di regional Asia Tenggara yakni sebesar 154.834 kasus. Prevalensi kusta pada awal 2015 didapatkan sebesar 0,31 per 100.000 penduduk. Indonesia menduduki peringkat ketiga Negara dengan endemik kusta terbanyak setelah India dan Brazil, profil kesehatan Republik Indonesia mencatat angka penemuan kasus baru kusta pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 16.856 kasus. Sebesar 83,4% kasus di antaranya merupakan tipe Multy Basiler dan 35,7% kasus berjenis kelamin perempuan.