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Arabic language instruction in various educational institutions today is still dominated by the structuralist paradigm, which emphasizes the mechanical memorization of patterns and repetition without addressing aspects of linguistic creativity. This study aims to explore the essence of Generative-Transformational Linguistic Theory proposed by Noam Chomsky and to formulate innovative ways to implement it in Arabic language learning. The approach taken in this study is qualitative, specifically a literature review (library research). Data were collected through primary and secondary literature, which were then examined using content analysis methods through the steps of simplification., categorization, and interpretation. The research findings indicate that Generative-Transformative Theory shifts the focus of learning from imitation to creation through the use of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Through the dichotomy of deep structure and surface structure, students are guided to perform various transformational operations such as substitution (al-ibdal), expansion (al-ittisa’), elision (al-hadzf), and addition (al-ziyadah). This principle is also found to align with the classical linguist Ibn Jinni’s thoughts on the concepts of Asl and Furu’. This research suggests that teachers of grammar and word structure should change how they teach strategies into a cognitive-creative process that enables students to independently and authentically generate an unlimited number of new utterances.

Fatherlessness is a condition in which individuals grow up without adequate paternal presence or involvement, either physically or emotionally. This condition is not only related to the absence of a father figure within the family structure, but also to the limited role of fathers in providing emotional support, moral guidance, and a sense of security for their children. The phenomenon of fatherlessness has the potential to cause various psychological wounds that affect personality development and mental well-being. This study aims to explore in depth the psychological experiences and forms of emotional distress experienced by fatherless individuals within the environment of Universitas Nasional Pasim Bandung. The study employed a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with ten informants who had fatherless backgrounds due to divorce, death, or emotional unavailability of the father. The data were analyzed through processes of reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding. The findings indicate that the absence of a father has a significant impact on various aspects of psychological development, particularly self-esteem, emotional regulation, identity formation, and patterns of social relationships. Informants tended to experience self-doubt, heightened sensitivity to criticism, confusion regarding life direction, and difficulties in expressing and managing emotions. However, the experience of fatherlessness did not produce uniform effects across individuals. Informants who received strong emotional support from mothers, extended family members, or supportive social environments demonstrated better adaptive abilities in coping with emotional stress and building healthy interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize that fatherlessness is not merely an issue of a father’s physical absence, but a long-term psychological experience that shapes how individuals perceive themselves, others, and their surroundings.

This study aims to analyze the adaptation of new students to academic workload in higher education and to identify the factors that influence their success or failure. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study. Data were analyzed thematically thru the stages of reduction, display, and conclusion drawing, resulting in key patterns regarding the dynamics of new student adaptation. The results show that the majority of new students experience difficulties in their first semester, especially when the credit load exceeds 20 credits and they are faced with complex assignment demands, periodic exams, and independent time management. This condition triggers academic stress, emotional exhaustion, decreased motivation, and even burnout, contributing to the high dropout rate in the first year. On the other hand, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence have been shown to act as protective factors capable of reducing stress levels and improving the effectiveness of coping strategies. Additionally, comprehensive orientation programs, time management workshops, academic advising, and a supportive campus environment have been proven to improve retention and accelerate the adaptation process. This research concludes that the adaptation of new students is a multidimensional process that requires both personal capacity building and systemic support from the university. The proposed recommendations include phased curriculum design, the development of instrument-based adaptation counselling services, and the implementation of a continuous mentoring program to reduce the risk of adaptation failure and optimize the academic potential of new students.

The phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing among university students has become increasingly prevalent alongside the rapid growth of social media. This article aims to analyze the challenges and implications of mixed language practices in students’ digital interactions, while reflecting on their significance for the development of the Indonesian language in the global era. The study applies a literature-based analytical approach, using thematic synthesis to identify patterns, motivations, and functions of code-switching across various social media platforms. Findings show that students’ code-switching practices vary depending on the digital ecology of each platform. On Instagram, code-mixing often reflects prestige and modern identity construction. Twitter or X emphasizes communicative efficiency and community solidarity, while TikTok highlights creativity, humor, and stance-taking. The main driving factors include identity expression, practicality, prestige, and online community norms. At a global level, this phenomenon resonates with the trend of digital translanguaging, which broadens the linguistic repertoire of young generations. The study concludes that code-switching in digital spaces presents a dual implication: a potential erosion of Indonesian language norms on one hand, and an opportunity for multilingual enrichment on the other. Therefore, adaptive language policies and digital-linguistic literacy strategies are necessary to safeguard the Indonesian language while embracing creative multilingual practices among students.

The objectives of this study are: (1) To analyze the extent to which the effectiveness of online business contributes to increasing sales turnover, and to analyze the factors that influence the success of online business strategies in increasing company profits. (2) To optimize market reach through appropriate digital marketing strategies. (3) To create added value or unique products to compete in the market. (4) Increase sales through a variety of products that suit market needs.The type of research that the author uses in this study is field research where to obtain accurate data, the author comes directly to the research location, namely the Zareen kebaya rental shop, Jalan Poros Kabo, Swarga Bara housing complex, extension block I no. 2, North Sangatta. The informants in this study were the shop owner and employees of the Zareen kebaya rental shop. In data collection, the researcher used interview, observation, documentation techniques and the data obtained, collected and processed descriptively qualitatively.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that online promotion at zareen kebaya rental is effective in increasing turnover through social media strategies, attractive promotions through video and photo content, customer testimonials, and responsive services that build loyalty. This method has been running well even though there are still obstacles. The obstacles experienced by the store are up and down sales, namely, monitoring demand patterns through social media, working with suppliers to increase stock, providing collections that can be worn at many events, and adjusting collections based on market trends. This strategy allows the store to continue to meet customer needs and increase sales.

Gender socialization in the family environment plays an important role in the formation of children's gender identity from an early age. Parents as the main agents of socialization play a significant role through daily interactions, providing examples, and parenting patterns that shape children's understanding of gender roles. This study aims to determine the importance of parents' reflective awareness in supporting a more inclusive and equitable understanding of gender. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine how parents in Medan City introduce gender values ​​and norms in daily activities. The findings show that the gender socialization process is still influenced by traditional values ​​and fairly rigid gender stereotypes. The division of roles based on gender applied by parents often gives rise to the perception that gender roles are fixed and cannot be changed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the way people communicate, especially in the world of education. Learning that previously took place face-to-face has shifted to a virtual system in response to government policies regarding social distancing. This study aims to examine the culture of virtual communication during the COVID-19 pandemic using a literature study approach and secondary data analysis from various trusted sources, including national journals. The results of the study show that virtual communication has become an important part of the learning process during the pandemic. Various platforms such as Zoom Meetings, Google Classroom, and Google Meet are widely used by educators and students to support interaction and the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. This study also highlights changes in communication patterns, challenges faced by users, and the importance of technological readiness and digital literacy in supporting effective virtual learning during a crisis such as a pandemic.

Cyberbullying is an increasingly worrying social problem in the digital era, especially among adolescents and students. This study aims to examine the behavior patterns, trigger factors, and psychological impact of cyberbullying behavior. The method used was literature review. The samples used were journals published on googlescholar, researchgate and garuda (national reference garba). Article findings are limited from 2020-2025. The results of the research reviewed show that cyberbullying is mostly influenced by social conformity, where a person tends to follow along without thinking. In addition, external factors such as the rapid development of technology and weak social control also exacerbate this phenomenon. The impact can be very serious, ranging from decreased self-confidence, excessive anxiety, to psychological disorders such as depression and a tendency to isolate oneself. Furthermore, an understanding of the behavior patterns, triggering factors, and psychological impact can be the basis for designing more effective interventions to prevent and address cyberbullying in the future. 

This study aims to analyze word formation errors found on the Telegram platform, especially in job vacancy announcements in Surabaya. This study focuses on identifying and describing the types of language errors that often appear, such as inappropriate use of capital letters, incorrect writing of loan words, and incorrect use of punctuation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis approach. Data were collected through screenshots of conversations and job vacancy announcements uploaded in Telegram groups related to job vacancies in Surabaya. The analysis process was carried out through in-depth observation of the data, by identifying error patterns that often appear in job vacancy announcement texts in Telegram groups. The results of the study show that errors in the use of capital letters are the most dominant type of error. Examples include inappropriate placement of capital letters, such as in words that should begin with a lowercase letter or excessive use of capital letters. These errors often reflect a lack of understanding of formal and professional writing rules. In addition, various errors were found in the writing of loan words that do not follow Indonesian language rules. For example, words that come from foreign languages ​​are often written with incorrect spelling or are not adjusted to standard rules. This can reduce the accuracy of the message to be conveyed, especially in formal contexts such as job vacancies. Punctuation errors are also a significant finding in this study. Omission of important punctuation, such as commas and periods, or improper use of punctuation often causes ambiguity in message delivery. As a result, the information conveyed is less clear and can cause misunderstandings for the recipient.    

This research aims to analyze politeness strategies in online comments on social media, with a focus on the application of Brown and Levinson's politeness theory. Social media as a virtual public space presents challenges in maintaining communication ethics, especially regarding user anonymity and spontaneity. Research data is obtained from online comments on platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube, which are relevant to certain public topics. A qualitative approach with pragmatic discourse analysis is used to identify forms of positive politeness, negative politeness and politeness violations.  The research results show that positive politeness strategies are more dominant than negative politeness, especially on emotional topics. Speech act patterns that are often found include illocutionary acts in the form of support or praise, as well as perlocutionary acts that create an emotional response. Cultural factors, discussion topic, level of anonymity, and age of the user influence the application of politeness. The findings also revealed that politeness violations occurred more frequently in controversial discussions.  This research provides practical implications in increasing social media users' awareness of communicating politely. In addition, digital platforms are expected to strengthen moderation features to create a healthier communication space. Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between language politeness and digital conflict in various cultural contexts. 

This research examines the existence of social care in building ukhuwah wathaniyah in the community of Tanjung Beringin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Ukhuwah wathaniyah, as a concept of brotherhood that transcends ethnic and religious barriers, is an important foundation in strengthening social relations in a diverse society. This research focuses on how forms of social care, such as gotong royong, humanitarian assistance, and cooperation between citizens play a role in creating harmony and solidarity in the midst of society. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analytical method to describe the patterns of social interaction that support ukhuwah wathaniyah. The research findings show that social care in Tanjung Beringin Sub-district is a key factor in strengthening ukhuwah wathaniyah. The local community shows a strong commitment to maintaining and improving social harmony through various activities that involve all levels of society. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the importance of social care in building ukhuwah wathaniyah in a multicultural society. It is hoped that this research can serve as a reference for policy makers and related parties in formulating inclusive and sustainable social development strategies in Tanjung Beringin Sub-district as well as other areas with similar social characteristics.

Everyone must have the ability to speak, especially a leader. When writing speech texts, you are expected to be able to write sentence patterns correctly and understandably. The aim of writing this article is to study the function patterns of sentences in the text of the 2024 RI presidential candidate's speech in the online news Detik News to broaden the insight of researchers and readers, especially as a reading source for grade 10 high school students. This research was conducted so that researchers and readers could compose speech texts and deliver speeches with a correct and appropriate structure. This research uses a pragmatic approach and carries out analysis by identifying sentence patterns in the text of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidate's speech published in the online news Detik News. Information about the data taken is text that contains the sentence structure of speech texts in Indonesian language learning for class X students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and a syntactic method. The data collection technique uses listening and taking note techniques. After researching the text of the 2023 Indonesian presidential candidate's speech on the online news Detik News, various sentence patterns were found. These sentence patterns consist of, among others, single sentence patterns, equivalent compound sentence patterns, multilevel compound sentence patterns, and mixed compound sentence patterns. It is hoped that the results of the analysis from this article will increase students' knowledge in writing and analyzing speech texts well and correctly, and also not only writing and analyzing but also hopefully being able to give public speeches well and of course correctly.

This study aims to analyze the effect of gravitational resistance on the motion of falling objects through the use of a simple parachute. The experiment was conducted by dropping objects with and without parachutes from the same height, then observing and comparing the movement patterns and characteristics of the falling objects. The method used is descriptive analysis to understand the mechanism and dynamics of air drag caused by a simple parachute. The results show that the use of a simple parachute can clearly slow down the free fall rate of the object and change its movement pattern. This is due to the air drag generated by the parachute opposing the force of gravity, thereby controlling and controlling the fall of the object. These findings provide a deep qualitative understanding of the role of parachutes in reducing the effects of gravity, which can be utilized in various applications, such as aircraft design, transportation equipment development, and other fields that require controlling the force of gravity.                                                                                                  

In the context of the Industrial Era 4.0, which is characterized by the rapid development of digital technology and automation, consideration of individual physical fitness is becoming increasingly important. Physical health and fitness have a major impact on personal productivity in an ever-changing, digitally connected work environment. This article examines the relationship between fitness fitness and personal productivity during this period. Empirical studies and research literature support the assumption that fitness has a positive impact on individual productivity. People who maintain physical health tend to have higher energy levels, better stress tolerance, and better cognitive abilities. These factors are becoming increasingly important in a competitive, technology-driven work environment. However, there are challenges to implementing this concept effectively in the Industrial Era 4.0. Changes in work patterns, time pressures and the tendency to be attached to digital devices can hinder maintaining physical fitness. Therefore, organizations and individuals need to adopt a holistic approach, including healthy lifestyle habits, smart planning, and the use of technology to support work-life balance. Understanding the relationship between physical fitness and personal productivity in the Industry 4.0 Era allows companies to take proactive steps to improve the health and well-being of their employees, resulting in improved overall company performance and competitiveness.

Social distancing as a measure to prevent the spread of disease has significantly changed the paradigm of social interaction in society. The impact is visible in various aspects of daily life, including interpersonal relationships, social activities, and community dynamics. This research discusses the impact of social distancing on social interactions in society. First, social distancing practices change the way individuals communicate. Physical restrictions have caused a shift from face-to-face interactions to virtual interactions via digital platforms. Although technology has made connectivity possible, some people have difficulty expressing emotions and building deep relationships in virtual environments. Second, social distancing also affects people's social life. Social events which are usually places for meetings and cultural exchanges have had to be canceled or adjusted to comply with health protocol regulations. This can cause a breakdown in social ties and a lack of sense of solidarity among community members. Apart from that, the economic impact can also be felt socially. Restrictions on economic activities result in reduced incomes and increased uncertainty, which can trigger stress and tension in social relationships. Economically vulnerable groups of society suffer more from these restrictions. In this context, it is important for society to find new ways to establish and maintain healthy social relationships. Strengthening virtual communication, innovation in social activities, and mental support are the keys to overcoming the negative impact of social distancing on social interactions in society. Adopting a qualitative approach, this research involves in-depth interviews, participant observation, and social media content analysis to understand changes in interaction patterns as social distancing is implemented. Key findings include paradigm shifts in forms of social interaction, psychological impacts on individuals, and adaptation strategies used by society to maintain connectivity. The results of this research provide in-depth insight into the dynamics of social change amidst the pandemic, providing a basis for formulating better policies in dealing with similar situations in the future. By documenting people's experiences, this research has the potential to contribute to our collective understanding of social adaptation during crises in society.

Cultural identity which is formed in life within a society can also influence the self-perception of each member within a society. Cultural identity in a context of social change is also a symptom where there is a social structural change in cultural patterns in a society with social changes which can cause a culture in Indonesia to experience a change in it. Cultural identity is also a characteristic which can connect a communication system, but with social change itself it can also make the change occur due to an essence or basic human nature of that society.