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Assessment practices in Indonesian language learning at vocational high schools are still predominantly oriented toward written tests and cognitive achievement, resulting in limited measurement of communicative competence, language politeness, and self-control. This condition is not fully aligned with the characteristics of vocational education, which prepares students to meet workplace demands through professional communication skills and strong personal character. This study aims to develop an integrative authentic assessment model based on language politeness and self-control in Indonesian language learning at vocational high schools. The study employed a qualitative approach using library research by analyzing 16 relevant references consisting of journal articles, policy documents, and supporting academic sources. Data were analyzed through identification, classification, comparison, interpretation, and conceptual synthesis. The findings reveal that the proposed model should integrate four principal dimensions: linguistic knowledge, language skills, language politeness, and self-control. The model may be implemented through contextual assessment tasks such as presentations, job interview simulations, customer service practices, digital portfolios, peer assessment, and reflective evaluation. This model offers a more comprehensive assessment framework and may serve as a practical guideline for teachers in evaluating students’ academic competence, communication ethics, and work readiness. The study contributes to the development of character-based assessment innovation in vocational education..

This paper examines the paradigm of Islamic philosophy of education from postmodern and reconstructivist perspectives as an effort to construct a critical, humanistic, and transformative educational framework. The dominance of modernism, characterized by instrumental rationality and an excessive emphasis on technical efficiency, has contributed to spiritual crises, alienation, and dehumanization within educational practices. As a response, postmodernism challenges rational absolutism and creates space for spirituality, intercultural dialogue, ethical reflection, and value pluralism. In this context, Islamic education possesses significant potential to function as a liberating and enlightening movement through the integration of tawhid-based principles, human dignity, and social justice. Meanwhile, reconstructivism views education not merely as the transmission of knowledge but as a dynamic process of social reconstruction aimed at fostering ethical awareness and collective responsibility. This study proposes a synthesis between Islamic philosophical foundations and contemporary thought—postmodernism, critical theory, and reconstructivism—to formulate a renewed and globally relevant direction for Islamic education in the modern era.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the education sector has undergone major changes. These changes bring great opportunities to change the learning process to be more personal, effective, and inclusive. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the potential and challenges that need to be faced in the application of AI in education so that it can run optimally. The method used in this study is the literature review method of various recent studies that discuss the use of AI in education, The results of the study show that AI has great potential to improve the personalization of learning and educational efficiency. However, there are number of significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, privacy and data security issues, resistance from educators and students, and the digital divide that still occurs in several regions. Therefore, a strategy is needed that includes a academic laziness that reduces learning motivation, constraints on AI contextual knowledge, Inability to process complex information, loss of literacy skills, amd the risk of addiction to AI technology. With a planned and sustainable strategy, AI has great potential to improve the quality of national education and also reduce the dangers that may arise from the modern technological era.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness, challenges, and solutions of the application of the Indonesian teaching module of biographical text material in grade X students of SMK Negeri Simpang Empat Tanah Bumbu in the Independent Curriculum. Teaching modules, which are essential for systematic planning, are often difficult for teachers to compile. This module focuses on the development of listening and speaking skills, as well as the cultivation of the Pancasila Student Profile (independent, critical, creative), supported by students' initial knowledge, various media, and a Creative-Productive learning model. With qualitative methods, the study found that although the teaching modules succeeded in creating planned learning (through activities such as goal negotiations, video exploration, and group discussions), there were major challenges in integrating all elements effectively, optimizing students' initial knowledge, developing independence/critical thinking, and overcoming media constraints and classroom dynamics. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for teacher innovation in compiling and implementing modules so that learning becomes even, interesting, and in accordance with the spirit of the Independent Curriculum.

Analyzing procedural texts is an essential competence in Indonesian language learning at the junior high school level, as it requires students to apply analytical thinking and understand textual structures systematically. However, in classroom practice, students often experience difficulties in identifying text structure, linguistic features, and communicative purposes of procedural texts. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model in teaching procedural text analysis to ninth-grade students at SMPN 2 Sukaluyu Cianjur and to examine its role in developing students’ analytical abilities. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving students and an Indonesian language teacher as research subjects. Data were collected through classroom observation, analysis of students’ work, and documentation of learning activities. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of Problem Based Learning increased students’ engagement in the learning process, encouraged active discussion and collaboration, and supported students in understanding and analyzing the structure and linguistic features of procedural texts more effectively. Students were not only able to comprehend procedural text concepts theoretically but also demonstrated the ability to apply analytical skills in evaluating and revising texts. The learning process became more meaningful as students actively constructed knowledge through problem-solving activities related to real-life contexts. The results of this study imply that Problem Based Learning can serve as an effective alternative instructional model for Indonesian language learning, particularly in fostering analytical skills, learner autonomy, and meaningful engagement in procedural text instruction at the junior high school level.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a cultural practice among several communities in Indonesia despite global health warnings and international commitments to abolish harmful traditional practices. This article investigates three major aspects: (1) parental knowledge and perception regarding FGM, (2) challenges educators face when providing awareness to parents, and (3) effective strategies within the framework of nonformal education especially PAUD to reduce FGM practice in early childhood. This study uses a systematic literature review approach, integrating national scholarly works particularly journals from Universitas Negeri Padang international research evidence (WHO, UNICEF, BMJ Global Health), and socio-cultural analysis. Findings reveal that parents generally have low health literacy regarding the dangers of FGM and deeply rely on cultural and religious interpretations inherited across generations. The continuity of FGM is influenced by social pressure, traditional authority, and limited trust in formal information. Within the nonformal education domain, PAUD serves as a strategic institution to build dialogue, involve community leaders, and enhance parental awareness through community-based education. This study emphasizes that culturally sensitive, dialogic, and collaborative educational strategies are required to address FGM within communities.

This study aims to describe the effect of the cooperative learning model of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. The research method used was experimental with a quasi-experimental approach. The research design employed was a non-equivalent control group design. The study involved two classes: the experimental class (VA), which was taught using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model, and the control class (VB), which was taught without using the TGT model. The sample consisted of 50 students from classes VA and VB at SD YPI Darussalam. The data collection technique used was a learning outcomes test, designed to measure students’ mastery of the learning material. Data analysis was conducted using the Independent Sample T-test to determine differences in learning outcomes between the two groups. The analysis results showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05, which is less than the significance threshold of 0.05. Therefore, H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted, indicating that the cooperative learning model of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type has a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes. The findings of this study highlight that the TGT model can create an engaging and competitive learning atmosphere, enhancing student participation and motivation in the learning process. Furthermore, the structured stages in the TGT model—comprising presentation, group formation, game sessions, and tournaments—allow students to interact more actively, share knowledge, and strengthen their understanding of the material collaboratively. Thus, the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model is recommended as an effective alternative strategy for improving learning outcomes in elementary schools, especially for fifth-grade students.

This journal studies Project Based Learning (PjBL) as one of the innovative learning strategies that use projects or activities as a means of learning to improve students' learning motivation, learning outcomes, knowledge, and skills. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with literature studies, namely by collecting and analyzing data from various scientific journals, articles, and relevant literature that discuss PjBL, active learning strategies, student learning motivation, and achievement of learning outcomes at various levels of education, especially at the elementary school level. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL has proven to be effective in increasing students' learning motivation because this approach emphasizes active involvement, collaboration, a sense of responsibility, and the development of students' creativity during the learning process. More than that, this strategy allows students to learn through hands-on experience and real-world problem-solving, thus making the learning process more contextual, fun, and meaningful. In addition to increasing motivation, PjBL also contributes significantly to improving learning outcomes, because students understand the material more easily when it is associated with daily life. These findings affirm the importance of implementing project-based learning strategies as an alternative learning model relevant to the needs of the 21st century, emphasizing critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity (4C) skills. Therefore, this study recommends that teachers and educators integrate the PjBL approach systematically and structurally in learning planning and in the curriculum to improve the quality of education, student involvement, and learning outcomes in a comprehensive, effective, and sustainable manner.

A biography book is a written work that is compiled based on factual events about a person's life, but writers are often faced with the choice of how to represent the reality surrounding the characters they are telling. In the process of writing, a writer not only gathers facts, but also interprets and highlights certain aspects of the character's life. This can be seen through the way language is used, including standard markers, which reflect the author's attitude and position towards the facts raised. This research aims to analyze the author's attitude towards this reality, as reflected through the use of stationary markers in the biography of President Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) by Greg Barton. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a content (text) analysis method. The source of research data is in the form of Gus Dur's biographical text which is analyzed by referring to five categories of standard markers, namely hedges, boosters, attitude markers, self-mentions, and engagement markers. Each category provides an overview of how the author conveys an argument, expresses an attitude, and builds a closeness with the reader. The results of the study show that the use of boosters dominates, which illustrates the author's firm attitude in emphasizing facts and assessments of Gus Dur. In addition, the word "like" is found 253 times and serves as a means of building common knowledge and creating an inclusive delivery style. This analysis also shows that Greg Barton tried to maintain a balance between scientific objectivity and personal closeness to the characters he wrote. This research has relevance in Indonesian language learning in high school, especially class X, because biographical texts are part of the teaching material. These findings can be used as evaluation and learning materials about the author's language style, as well as helping students hone critical reading skills and writing narrative discourse by understanding the meaning behind the language choices used.

West Java is a province rich in history, culture, and traditions that form an essential part of Indonesia's national identity. Culture-based education plays a strategic role in shaping the character and cultural appreciation of younger generations toward the nation's heritage. This study employs a qualitative approach by introducing elements of West Javanese culture to students at SDN Sepang, Serang City, through visual learning media. The visuals depict cultural elements such as Jaipong dance, Wayang Golek puppetry, Angklung musical instruments, traditional clothing, and regional cuisine. The findings indicate that visual media effectively enhances students' interest and understanding of local culture while fostering a sense of pride and love for cultural heritage. The pedagogical approach, inspired by the Montessori method, offers students the freedom to explore, thereby promoting creativity and independence in learning about culture. This cultural learning not only preserves traditional values but also serves as a means of social transformation in addressing the challenges of globalization. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating local culture into the formal education curriculum, the need for teacher training, and community involvement to support sustainable cultural education. Therefore, culture-based education can serve as a strong foundation for cultivating knowledgeable, culturally-rooted, and character-driven future generations, contributing to sustainable national development.

Basic knowledge of first aid is an essential competency that must be possessed by prospective elementary school teachers, as teachers often act as first responders in medical emergencies at school. This study aims to analyze the function of the pulse in the early identification of cardiac core function as part of the first aid system. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review from scientific sources related to cardiac anatomy and physiology, pulse examination techniques, and international first aid guidelines. The findings indicate that the pulse is a vital indicator reflecting the performance of the heart's core system, particularly the sinoatrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node. The absence of a detectable pulse signifies a serious disruption in the circulatory system and serves as the basis for emergency interventions such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In the context of elementary education, teachers need the skills to recognize and assess the pulse to make quick and accurate decisions during critical situations. Therefore, training in first aid skills, including pulse assessment, should be integrated into PGSD (Primary School Teacher Education) programs to prepare responsive and capable educators for emergency situations.

Technological developments and changes in the global world are driving rapid transformation in various aspects.The education system needs to undergo fundamental changes to prepare the next generation to face the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. A new curriculum needs to be designed to teach students the essential skills of this century, such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and understanding digital literacy. The conventional curriculum model that focuses on mastering factual knowledge and basic skills is no longer sufficient.In order to change education, all aspects of the education ecosystem must be evaluated comprehensively, including the government, educational institutions, teachers, parents, and society as a whole. The curriculum must be updated to support project-based learning methods, cross-disciplinary research, and an emphasis on developing 21st century skills. In addition, the way of teaching must shift from a teacher-dominated approach to a student-focused approach, with the help of digital technology.

This article delves into the challenges of low reading interest and comprehension skills among primary school students, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to address these issues. Reading interest plays a pivotal role in academic development, making its enhancement a shared responsibility among students, teachers, and parents. Through a comprehensive literature review of relevant journals sourced from Google Scholar, the article identifies effective strategies to foster reading interest and improve comprehension skills. Key findings suggest that employing engaging instructional techniques can significantly boost students' reading interest and comprehension abilities. Additionally, cultivating reading habits from an early age by providing appealing reading materials has been shown to establish lasting reading habits into adulthood. Proficient reading skills not only broaden knowledge but also stimulate imagination and creativity. Consequently, educators are encouraged to actively implement effective reading strategies to support literacy development in primary schools.

This study focuses on the development of reading comprehension skills through the implementation of critical thinking strategies in Grade V elementary school students. Reading comprehension is not merely about decoding texts but involves understanding, interpreting, and analyzing the content. The integration of critical thinking aims to encourage students to become active readers who can question, evaluate, and make inferences based on the information they read. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach by observing teaching practices and student responses in the classroom setting. Findings reveal that using critical thinking techniques—such as asking higher-order questions, making predictions, and drawing conclusions—helps students engage more deeply with the text. These strategies also improve their ability to connect prior knowledge with new information, fostering a more meaningful reading experience. Teachers play a vital role in guiding students to think reflectively and independently. The study concludes that consistent application of critical thinking in reading lessons significantly enhances students’ comprehension and supports the development of lifelong learning skills.

An effective educational process involves three main components: learning, teaching, and learning. Learning is defined as the modification of behavior through experience, which includes changes in individual abilities. Teaching is an activity carried out by educators to transfer knowledge and skills to students, while learning is the interaction between educators and students in creating a conducive learning environment. This article discusses the definition, principles, and general procedures in learning, teaching, and learning. These principles include attention, motivation, activeness, direct involvement, repetition, reinforcement, and use of teaching materials. The learning procedure consists of introductory components, core activities, and closing. By understanding and applying these principles and procedures, it is hoped that the learning process can take place optimally and produce positive changes in students.    

This research aims to explore the use of digital maps in enhancing the local geography understanding of elementary school students. (SD). Digital maps, which offer geographic information interactively and visually, have great potential in helping students understand geographic concepts related to their surroundings. The use of digital maps in local geography education in elementary schools is an increasingly popular educational innovation in Indonesia. Digital maps help students understand geography concepts and support educational principles. Local geography learning, which includes knowledge about location, distance, and the relationship between humans and nature in the surrounding area, can be better understood through the use of digital maps. This research uses the Library Research method. The results of the study show that digital maps help students more easily recognize and identify various elements of local geography, such as geographical location, topographical differences, and the distribution of natural and human resources. Additionally, the use of digital maps also increases students' motivation and engagement in learning, as the teaching materials are presented in a more interesting and interactive manner. Thus, this research concludes that the integration of digital maps in local geography learning can enrich students' learning experiences, clarify their understanding of geographical concepts, and improve the quality of geography education at the elementary school level.

Currently, many novels can be read and are available on various social media platforms. These novels are expected to achieve the existing learning objectives and enable students to understand and implement the results of their learning activities well. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of content and direct sentences in the novel to determine whether or not the novel Perfect Couple is suitable as a reading resource for high school students in grade XII. This research will analyze various aspects of the quality of content and direct sentences, such as the level of content with the subject matter, the level of suitability of direct sentences with the level of students' reading ability, and others. The descriptive-qualitative method is used in this study by describing and analyzing the quality of content and direct sentences in the text of the novel Perfect Couple by Asri Aci. So, the researcher finds descriptive data and then looks for findings to be explained in detail. The descriptive method in this study is used to determine the quality of content and direct sentences in the novel Perfect Couple by Asri Aci. The data collected is in the form of words and pictures, not numbers. From the analysis that has been done, there are several quotations from the quality of content and direct sentences in the novel Perfect Couple by Asri Aci. The analysis results in this article are expected to add deeper understanding and knowledge about the quality of content and direct sentences contained in the novel. The first result of this research is that ten positive content qualities provide benefits to readers so that they can be used as reading material for high school students in class XII. The second result of this research is that there are 2,562 direct sentences consisting of 1,401 news sentences, 964 question sentences, and 199 command sentences. 

Everyone must have the ability to speak, especially a leader. When writing speech texts, you are expected to be able to write sentence patterns correctly and understandably. The aim of writing this article is to study the function patterns of sentences in the text of the 2024 RI presidential candidate's speech in the online news Detik News to broaden the insight of researchers and readers, especially as a reading source for grade 10 high school students. This research was conducted so that researchers and readers could compose speech texts and deliver speeches with a correct and appropriate structure. This research uses a pragmatic approach and carries out analysis by identifying sentence patterns in the text of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidate's speech published in the online news Detik News. Information about the data taken is text that contains the sentence structure of speech texts in Indonesian language learning for class X students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and a syntactic method. The data collection technique uses listening and taking note techniques. After researching the text of the 2023 Indonesian presidential candidate's speech on the online news Detik News, various sentence patterns were found. These sentence patterns consist of, among others, single sentence patterns, equivalent compound sentence patterns, multilevel compound sentence patterns, and mixed compound sentence patterns. It is hoped that the results of the analysis from this article will increase students' knowledge in writing and analyzing speech texts well and correctly, and also not only writing and analyzing but also hopefully being able to give public speeches well and of course correctly.

News text is information about things that have happened, presented in various forms such as print media, broadcast, and the Internet, so the news must use language that can be understood by the general public so that the news can be conveyed well and there are no misunderstandings in interpreting the information. existing news. The aim of this research is to describe and imply language and punctuation errors in the February edition of detik.com online news text. In this research, a method used to analyze language errors involves an approach, namely quantitative descriptive. Research data collection techniques are the listening method and the note-taking method. This research also uses the collection method and uses formal methods. Based on the research results, language errors in the February edition of detik.com online news text consist of language errors such as several sentences that are difficult to understand, punctuation errors such as a lack of commas, periods, and other punctuation marks, as well as the use of capital letters and morphological errors. The benefit of this research for society is that it can increase the insight of writers and readers, and it can increase knowledge of information that does not yet exist, namely information related to education. The data taken in this research is an analysis of language errors and punctuation in news texts in the February 2024 edition of detik.com articles as appropriate reading materials and sources of information.

Bullying is described as antagonistic behavior, both physical and verbal, that is frequently demonstrated by someone. The purpose of bullying behavior is to gain acceptance from others. Bullying often occurs regularly, and in some cases, even organized. Bullying has a negative impact on its victims, including depression and trauma, which can disrupt their psychology and even their mental and physical health. This research uses quantitative methodology. Quantitative research is a method of gathering knowledge that uses numerical data to analyze information about a subject of interest. Because the quasi experimental research technique is a component of a quantitative approach with unique characteristics that are not coincidental, the existence of a control group was used in this research. In this research, all topics as they have been developed organically in class are used. There are two classes in this method: control class and experimental class.