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Good study habits are an important factor in achieving success in elementary school learning. However, based on observations in class 3 of SDN 1 Bugel, it was found that students still show less disciplined behavior during the learning process, especially during group activities, such as talking without permission, not paying attention, and not following classroom rules. This study aims to improve students' study discipline in grade 3 of SDN 1 Bugel by using the Star Rewards system within the cooperative learning model called Numbered Heads Together (NHT). This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach with a two-cycle design following the Kemmis and McTaggart model. The research subject is 17 third-grade students from SDN 1 Bugel. Data collection was done through observation, questionnaires, documentation, field notes, and interviews. Data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The research results show that using the Star Rewards system in cooperative learning type NHT has significantly improved students' discipline in studying. The average score on the discipline questionnaire increased from 69.5 in cycle I to 85.5 in cycle II, showing an increase of 16.03 points. The minimum score for students has gone up from 50 to 75, showing that all students have improved in terms of discipline. Giving positive reinforcement through stars has been proven to motivate students to be more disciplined, focused, and responsible during learning. This finding suggests that combining the NHT model with the Star Rewards system can be an effective strategy for helping build discipline in elementary school students.

This study aims to describe the effect of the cooperative learning model of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. The research method used was experimental with a quasi-experimental approach. The research design employed was a non-equivalent control group design. The study involved two classes: the experimental class (VA), which was taught using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model, and the control class (VB), which was taught without using the TGT model. The sample consisted of 50 students from classes VA and VB at SD YPI Darussalam. The data collection technique used was a learning outcomes test, designed to measure students’ mastery of the learning material. Data analysis was conducted using the Independent Sample T-test to determine differences in learning outcomes between the two groups. The analysis results showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05, which is less than the significance threshold of 0.05. Therefore, H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted, indicating that the cooperative learning model of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type has a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes. The findings of this study highlight that the TGT model can create an engaging and competitive learning atmosphere, enhancing student participation and motivation in the learning process. Furthermore, the structured stages in the TGT model—comprising presentation, group formation, game sessions, and tournaments—allow students to interact more actively, share knowledge, and strengthen their understanding of the material collaboratively. Thus, the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model is recommended as an effective alternative strategy for improving learning outcomes in elementary schools, especially for fifth-grade students.

This research is motivated by the fact that the history learning process in schools is often considered boring and less relevant to students' lives. Initial observations at SMPN 3 Srengat Blitar showed that the dominant lecture method makes students less focused, tend to be passive, and learning outcomes are less than optimal. This condition demands learning innovations that can involve students actively and meaningfully. One alternative used is the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model. The focus of this research is to describe the application of the STAD model to improve the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students on the history of the arrival of Western nations to Indonesia. The research objectives include: (1) outlining the steps for implementing the STAD model, (2) identifying supporting and inhibiting factors, and (3) determining the impact of STAD implementation on improving student learning outcomes. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with a naturalistic approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects were eighth-grade students of SMPN 3 Srengat Blitar in the 2023/2024 academic year. The researcher was directly involved in the data collection and analysis process using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The research results show that the implementation of STAD can improve student learning outcomes. Students become more active, motivated, and have a better understanding of the material. The main supporting factors are solid teamwork and the teacher's active role in facilitating learning. Challenges faced include time constraints and students' initial adaptation to the new method. Overall, STAD has proven effective in creating a fun, interactive, and meaningful learning environment for students.

Learning motivation is a fundamental pillar of educational success, especially at the elementary level where children’s curiosity and enthusiasm must be nurtured continuously. This study aims to explore the strategies employed by teachers to foster and enhance students’ learning motivation in the IPAS subject at SDIT Al-Manar Pekanbaru. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that teachers implemented a variety of strategies not only focused on academic achievement but also attentive to the emotional and individual needs of each student. Contextual learning, cooperative group activities, and the use of rewards and positive reinforcement effectively encouraged students to be more active and confident in their learning. Parental support and a supportive learning environment also played a crucial role in creating an enjoyable and meaningful learning experience. This study highlights that a humanistic and holistic approach by educators not only enhances students’ learning motivation but also fosters meaningful relationships in the educational process.

This research aims to analyze the application of the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model to improve science learning outcomes for Class IV Students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. This research is classroom action research carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this research were Class IV students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. This research was carried out in the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year in Class IV of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. The results of this research are (1) the application of the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative Learning Model to improve the learning process of Class IV MIN 2 Tebo Regency students, carried out through the planning, implementation and evaluation stages of learning, (2) the application of the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative Learning Model (TPS) can improve the science learning outcomes of Class IV students as seen from the increase in teacher observation data from the average value of Cycle I, namely 78.12 in the "Quite Good" category to 90.62 "Very Good" in Cycle II. Furthermore, the increase in student observation scores with the average score in cycle I, namely 77.35 "Quite Good" increased in Cycle II to 88.25 "Good". The increase in the value of learning outcomes for the Pre-Cycle stage, namely 68.6 in the "Not Good" category, increased in Cycle I to 79.1 in the "Good" category. In Cycle II there was also an increase to 85.5 in the "Good" category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model can improve science learning outcomes for Class IV MIN 2 Students in Tebo Regency.

The purpose of this study is to examine the values of local wisdom when used in cooperative learning in fourth grade elementary school classrooms. Contextual learning that aligns with students’ cultural environment plays a crucial role in enhancing their engagement in the learning process. This study uses qualitative and descriptive methods. Data collection methods include documentation, in-depth interviews, and observation. This study explores the integration of local cultural values—such as consultation, mutual assistance, mutual respect, and traditional games in cooperative learning. The results show that applying local wisdom in cooperative learning can improve the learning atmosphere, create better social interaction, and increase student participation. The results indicate that local wisdom can serve as a strong foundation for building learning that is relevant, contextual, and rooted in students' culture.  

This article discusses the use of technology and learning models on student learning outcomes and interests in elementary schools. In elementary schools, learning innovation is very important to improve education and student learning outcomes. Using technology and implementing innovative learning models as a strategy to make learning more effective, interesting, and meaningful. Interactive applications, digital devices, and online platforms are some of the technologies that help students be more actively involved in class, such as quizz application training, digital dictionaries, educational games, learning videos, and so on that make learning more fun and interactive. In addition, learning models such as project-based learning (also known as Project-Based Learning), cooperative learning Think Pair Share, and problem-based learning are used to improve student learning outcomes and increase their interest in learning in elementary schools. An effective combination of appropriate teaching techniques and technological support has been shown to improve student understanding, enthusiasm, and learning outcomes at the elementary school level. Thus, educators must continue to innovate and keep up with technological advances in order to provide optimal learning experiences for their students.

Fertilization is one of the essential aspects of plant care. It should be carried out in a balanced manner, adjusted to the nutritional needs of the plant. A balanced fertilizer application can positively affect plant growth. This study used the Classroom Action Research method developed by Stephen Kemmis and Robin McTaggart. It was conducted in class XI ATPH 3 at SMKN 1 Purwosari, focusing on the fertilization component of the Fertilization Needs material. The results showed that the Index Card Match Cooperative Learning Model can increase students' learning motivation. Students became more active in every learning activity, including solving problems, discussing with peers, and asking questions to the teacher. Regarding learning outcomes, the Index Card Match Cooperative Learning Model improved the percentage of students who passed classically—from 30.30% in the pre-cycle, to 69.70% in cycle 1, and further increased to 84.85% in cycle 2.

This study aims to explore the importance of learning media in increasing students' interest and motivation to learn at SDN Pasirbatang. The method used is descriptive qualitative with semi-structured interviews as the main instrument. The results show that varied, creative, and innovative learning media, such as videos, interactive apps, and other aids, can significantly increase students' interest and motivation to learn. Teachers at SDN Pasirbatang implement technology-based learning strategies and methods such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Cooperative Learning to create an interesting and relevant learning atmosphere. However, limited facilities, technology constraints and senior teachers' lack of skills in using technology are the main challenges. Solutions implemented include individualized approaches, learning media innovation, and student empowerment in media making. Based on the questionnaire results, 82% of students supported the use of learning media, showing the effectiveness of visual and interactive media in improving students' understanding and participation. This research confirms the importance of the role of teachers in utilizing learning media to create more meaningful, effective, and efficient learning, so as to improve the quality of education in primary schools, especially in areas with limited facilities.

This research focuses on the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model to enhance student participation at SMAN 6 Pandeglang. This topic is significant because many students exhibit low engagement in collaborative learning environments. TGT, as a cooperative model, involves students in competitive games that encourage their active involvement. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, following five steps of TGT implementation: information delivery, team formation, games, tournaments, and group awards. The findings indicate that the application of the TGT model successfully improved student participation and motivation. Students reported feeling more engaged and enthusiastic during the learning process. In conclusion, the TGT model is effective not only in increasing student participation but also in fostering 21st-century skills such as collaboration and communication.    

The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving elementary school studeny learning outcomes using a literature study methodology. The main focus of this research is onincreasing students understanding of sosial studies lesson the shortcomings and complexity of the STAD model,as well as problems that arise during its implementation. The STAD model encourages small groups to work together to improve understanding of the material. This research has been conducted using qualitative methods equipped with a descriptive approach, relying on data obtained from a literature review. Data sources include relevant scientific articles, books, and journals that support previous findings and are in line with the main topic of the study. The results of the analysis show that the STAD model has advantages such as encouraging social interaction, increasing group collaboraction, creating a conducive learning environment. However, there are shortcomings such as lack of teacher attention, difficulties in group work. As well as abstacles such as learning preparation  and mastery of the material by teachers. In short the STAD model affectively improves learning outcomes and student participation.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of cooperative learning strategies in developing students' collaboration skills in learning in SD/MI based on a literature review. Cooperative learning is considered relevant because learning requires students to work together in groups to find solutions to problems given to them. The method used in this research is a literature study, where researchers collect and analyze various literature sources related to contextual learning and its application in learning. These sources include books, scientific journals, and previous research that supports contextual learning theory and practice. The results of this literature review show that cooperative learning strategies can increase student involvement and student collaboration skills in learning. Thus, this strategy can encourage student involvement in group activities and collaboration, forming a learning environment that supports the development of various crucial skills.

This research aims to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning Model for Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo Students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year" The research method uses Classroom Action Research which is carried out in two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings, with four stages of research: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study are students of Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo in Semester 1 of the 202/2023 Academic Year with a total of 36 students. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The data analysis used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study is to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning model. The results of the success in this study are evidenced by the increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle of students who managed to get KKM scores, an increase from the initial condition of 18 students (50%) to 23 students (64%) or there was an increase of 14% compared to the initial condition. Meanwhile, in the second cycle, it increased to 32 students (88.8%) or there was an increase of 24.8% from before. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of the STAD Learning Model can improve the learning outcomes of Writing Simple Descriptive Texts in Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year.    

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model on learning motivation for Christian Religious Education & Character Education in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is all class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely class XI IIS-1 students totaling 32 people as the experimental class and XI IIS-3 totaling 32 people as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 > ttable (=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that students' motivation to learn Christian Religion & Character Education taught using the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model is higher than that taught using the conventional learning model in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant effect of the application of the Team Assisted Individualization type cooperative learning model on Christian Religious Education learning motivation of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung in the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The research method used is quantitative method with the type of pre-experimental design research with the form of “One Shot Case Study”. The population was all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung who were Protestant Christians totaling 175 people and a sample of 32 people was determined using Purposive Sample technique. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 20 items for variable X and an observation sheet of 22 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis are shown through: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.560 > rtable (=0.05, n=32) = 0.349. b) significant relationship test obtained tcount = 3.704 > ttable (=0.05, dk=n-2=30) = 2.042. 2) Effect test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂ = “33.23”+0.58X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 31.4%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fhitung> Ftabel = (=0.05, dk numerator k = 21, dk denominator = n-2 = 32-2 = 30), namely 13.70> 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So, the study concluded that there is a positive and significant effect of the Application of Team Assisted Individualization Type Cooperative Learning Model on Christian Religious Education Learning Motivation of Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung Learning Year 2023/2024.

The aim of this research is to determine research trends and describe relevant research results regarding cooperative learning models on the mathematical representation abilities of students at the junior high school/MTs level. The method used in this research is literature study or generally known as Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to answer the problem formulation in the research. This research consists of five stages, namely formulation of research questions (Research Question), literature search (Search Process), determination of inclusion criteria (Inclusion Criteria), assessment of literature sources (Quality Assessment), and data analysis (Data Analysis). The study literature search process was carried out by accessing Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, and Garuda. Data was obtained related to keywords and based on the inclusion criteria, namely 22 articles that met the criteria. The research results from reviewing the 22 articles show that the cooperative learning models most widely used to improve representation abilities are cooperative learning models with the STAD and TPS types. The most published articles regarding cooperative learning models on representational abilities were in 2019. The description of research results related to cooperative learning models on representational abilities is that they are able to improve the mathematical representational abilities of students at the SMP/MTs level and equivalent. The cooperative learning model can be combined with appropriate media, strategies and approaches so that it can improve students' mathematical representation abilities.

This classroom action research aims to improve reading skills through Jigsaw type cooperative learning for class VI students at SD Inpres, Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. The subjects of this research were 40 grade VI students at SD Inpres Multilevel Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. Academic Year 2023/2024. This PTK consists of 2 cycles, each consisting of 3 meetings. Data collection was carried out using the results of students' work when carrying out actions and observation sheets. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The results achieved were: (1) students' reading ability before the action was held was in the low category with an average score of 4.88 from the highest possible score of 10. (2) Students' reading ability after taking action in the form of Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle I was in the high category with an average score of 8.04 from the highest possible score of 10. (3) Students' reading ability after taking action, in the form of learning by applying models Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle II was in the very high category with an average score of 8.84 from the highest possible score of 10. (4) There was an increase in the percentage of student attendance. (5) Students' interest, attention and motivation in participating in the learning process using the Jigsaw cooperative model has also increased, this can be seen from the increase in student activity in the learning process. The results of this research also show changes on the teacher's side, initially teachers were less creative in using various Jigsaw type cooperative learning strategies, which had a good impact, apparently being able to motivate and increase teacher interest in developing effective learning.

The study aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the jigsaw-type cooperative learning model on the learning activity of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Ronggurnihuta for the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the jigsaw-type cooperative learning model on the learning activity of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Ronggurnihuta, Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year. Descriptive quantitative research methods of inferential statistics. The population of all grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Ronggurnihuta for the 2023/2024 Learning Year who are Protestant Christians is 174 people. Random sampling is 30% of the total population, which is 52 people. The research instrument is in the form of a closed questionnaire. The results of the analysis requirements obtained a value of rxy=0.791>rtabel=0.226 and tcalc=9.142>ttabel=2.000 showed a relationship between the jigsaw-type cooperative learning model and the learning activity of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Ronggurnihuta Learning Year 2023/2024 and obtained a regression equation. Test the hypothesis obtained Fcalculate = 83.776 > Ftable = 1.39 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the jigsaw-type cooperative learning model on the learning activity of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Ronggurnihuta, Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year of 62.57%.