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This article discusses the comparison of education in two countries, namely Turkey and Indonesia, where the majority of the population is Muslim. As well as explaining the education system in elementary schools, middle schools and universities. Apart from that, this article examines education system policies, education management and education curriculum. These two countries have several similarities, each country implements a compulsory education policy and divides education levels into three levels. Another similarity is that students have a high interest in continuing their studies in foreign universities. The approach used by the author in conducting this research is a descriptive qualitative method by searching various data from documents and literature in the form of; literature, articles, books, journals, other supporting websites.

Education is a window of knowledge that is beneficial for everyone. High and low levels of education are very important to a country's economic growth. Importantly, take advantage of a country's competitiveness. Based on some evidence the country of China became one of the countries that had the best education in the world. China has a trans-centralized education system, meaning that it starts from the central, provincial, municipal, district level, and includes regional autonomous regions. Then education in China consists of four sectors (1) basc education, (2) technical & vacational education, (3) higher education, and (4) adult education. In addition to these four sectors there are also non-formal education, namely literacy education in order to eradicate illiteracy. The educational curriculum in China is more flexible with the needs of its students and the welfare of teachers being given more attention.

Cultural identity which is formed in life within a society can also influence the self-perception of each member within a society. Cultural identity in a context of social change is also a symptom where there is a social structural change in cultural patterns in a society with social changes which can cause a culture in Indonesia to experience a change in it. Cultural identity is also a characteristic which can connect a communication system, but with social change itself it can also make the change occur due to an essence or basic human nature of that society.

Curriculum development at SDIT Ananda Prabumulih is important to study from various perspectives. This study will discuss two fundamental aspects of basic curriculum development and curriculum objectives. A discussion of the literature reveals that the curriculum provided by schools is not only limited to subject units and teaching and learning processes but also to all processes that influence the development and formation of students' character as required by national education goals. Curriculum development aims to adapt education and social change and explore untapped knowledge. The curriculum is one of the most crucial components in an education system, therefore the curriculum is a tool for achieving educational goals and at the same time as a guideline in the implementation of teaching at the initial type and level of education. In Islam, the concept of curriculum means manhaj, namely the clear path traversed by educators and their students to develop their knowledge, skills and attitudes. Islamic education curriculum is Islamic educational materials in the form of activities, knowledge and experiences that are deliberately and systematically given to students. in order to achieve the goals of Islamic education.  

In this study using a qualitative research method by descriptive approach with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. While the research subjects were school principals and teachers. While the research location was carried out at SDN Aengdake II, Bluto District, Sumenep Regency.The results showed that the school principal at SDN Aengdake II, Bluto District, Sumenep Regency had a significant role in strengthening the teacher's work ethic. The principal uses a leadership model with a system of openness and democracy. adopt a collaborative approach by establishing open communication, providing ongoing support, and empowering teachers to participate in decision-making.    

The aim of this research is to determine research trends and describe relevant research results regarding cooperative learning models on the mathematical representation abilities of students at the junior high school/MTs level. The method used in this research is literature study or generally known as Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to answer the problem formulation in the research. This research consists of five stages, namely formulation of research questions (Research Question), literature search (Search Process), determination of inclusion criteria (Inclusion Criteria), assessment of literature sources (Quality Assessment), and data analysis (Data Analysis). The study literature search process was carried out by accessing Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, and Garuda. Data was obtained related to keywords and based on the inclusion criteria, namely 22 articles that met the criteria. The research results from reviewing the 22 articles show that the cooperative learning models most widely used to improve representation abilities are cooperative learning models with the STAD and TPS types. The most published articles regarding cooperative learning models on representational abilities were in 2019. The description of research results related to cooperative learning models on representational abilities is that they are able to improve the mathematical representational abilities of students at the SMP/MTs level and equivalent. The cooperative learning model can be combined with appropriate media, strategies and approaches so that it can improve students' mathematical representation abilities.

This research investigates the perspectives of 240 Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta) cadets regarding knowledge representation in navigational decision support systems. Grounded in a qualitative descriptive approach, the study unfolds over three semesters, examining academic self-checked intelligence, professional competences, motivations, and the cadets' viewpoints on the complexities of maritime education. The cadets, enrolled in an international programme, undergo extensive preparation for internships within the global shipping industry, necessitating proficiency in English communication aligned with International Maritime Organization standards. The findings reveal a positive correlation between academic self-checked intelligence and professional competences, underscoring the significance of metacognitive strategies in shaping technical proficiency. Motivations, both intrinsic and extrinsic, emerge as crucial influencers shaping cadets' perspectives on knowledge representation. The study also highlights the evolving confidence of cadets in English maritime literacy, emphasising the necessity of tailored language instruction strategies. Recommendations for enhancing maritime education include promoting metacognitive strategies, integrating real-world applications, tailoring language instruction, providing continuous motivational support, and ensuring regular curriculum reviews. These recommendations offer practical insights for educators and administrators to refine instructional practices and align curricula with industry demands.While acknowledging limitations such as reliance on self-reported data and the focus on a specific cohort, this research contributes to the discourse on maritime education. It serves as a foundation for future studies, urging a diversified methodology and extending the scope to include multiple maritime institutions for a more comprehensive understanding. As STIP Jakarta continues to prepare cadets for global maritime challenges, the insights gleaned from this study are integral for adapting and advancing educational practices.

The purpose of this study was to find out how well grade 5 students at SDN 037 Bakau Aceh understand mathematics subjects. This research uses a type of qualitative research known as a case study. The validity test showed that 15 questionnaire questions from the questionnaire based on respondents' answers were invalid and 5 questionnaire questions had a correlation value greater than 0.05. In addition, reliability determines that all questions in the questionnaire based on respondents' answers are reliable with a significance level of 5%. Among students' understanding in mathematics subjects is that students have the ability to explain back learning outcomes, are able to develop concepts that have been learned in a structured manner, are able to provide examples to their friends related to learning material according to the context of discussion, and are able to interpret concepts systematically so that they can relate them to each other in everyday life.