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As a strategic public policy, the Free Nutritious Meal program serves as a long-term social investment aimed at enhancing the quality of human resources. This study is directed to examine and map the positive contributions of the MBG initiative to the pillars of health, discipline levels, and academic achievement of students through a literature review method. The article search, utilizing keywords such as "Makan Bergizi Gratis," "Implementasi MBG," and "Dampak MBG," yielded 10 relevant scientific articles, which were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the MBG program exerts a significant positive impact on various dimensions of student development. In the academic aspect, this program improves students' focus, concentration, motivation, and active learning engagement. Health-wise, MBG contributes to improving nutritional status, which supports children's physical and psychological readiness, whereas, in terms of discipline, this intervention is proven to increase attendance rates while reducing tardiness at school. Overall, it is concluded that the MBG program does not merely function to fulfill essential nutritional intake, but also acts to maximize learning effectiveness and student academic performance across all education levels.

This article examines the relationship between Islam and the local traditions of the Minangkabau community in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The focus covers three main issues: the historical process of Islamization, the philosophy of Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK), and the coexistence of the matrilineal kinship system with Islamic inheritance law. Using a qualitative approach through systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journals published between 2020 and 2025, the study synthesizes findings from multiple academic sources. The results reveal that Islam entered Minangkabau gradually through trade and the surau educational institution, rather than through forced conversion. The resulting ABS-SBK philosophy meaning customary law is grounded in Islamic law, which is grounded in the Quran serves as a comprehensive life guide integrating religious norms with adat practices. The matrilineal inheritance system (pusaka tinggi) coexists with Islamic inheritance law (faraid) through a functional distinction: communal ancestral property follows adat, while individually acquired property follows Islamic law. Contemporary challenges such as globalization, urbanization, and weakened institutional roles of adat leaders threaten the vitality of ABS-SBK, though cultural revitalization efforts show promising resilience. This study concludes that Minangkabau represents a unique model of Islam-culture integration in the Indonesian archipelago.

This study aims to examine the historical origins and development of the sociology of education, explore the biographies and ideas of key scholars from both Islamic and Western traditions, and analyze their relevance in the context of modern education. The development of education has always been closely linked to social, political, and economic dynamics, which gave rise to the sociology of education as a discipline that investigates the relationship between education and social change. Contemporary challenges such as social inequality, the impacts of globalization and technological advancement, and the growing demand for the democratization of education require a comprehensive examination of the major sociological theories that have emerged over time. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method through the analysis of relevant books and scholarly journal articles. The findings indicate that the ideas of scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Herbert Spencer, George Herbert Mead, Talcott Parsons, and Ali Shariati have made significant contributions to understanding the functions, conflicts, and interactions within education. Structural functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories provide complementary analytical frameworks for explaining education’s role as a means of social integration, an arena for the reproduction of inequality, and a space for the construction of meaning and identity. By adopting a comparative approach across different intellectual traditions, this study offers a holistic perspective for the development of the sociology of education in the modern era.

The exponential growth of digital technology has profoundly reshaped the communicative landscape of Muslim communities across the globe, fundamentally altering how they access information, forge religious identities, and engage in collective discourse. This study examines the imperative of building an Islamic and ethical digital ecosystem grounded in three foundational pillars of Islamic thought: theological monotheism (tawhid), Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), and moral excellence (akhlakul karimah). Employing a qualitative methodology through systematic literature review and critical discourse analysis, this research synthesizes perspectives drawn from Islamic studies, digital ethics, communication theory, and social informatics. The findings demonstrate that Islamic moral principles encompassing truthfulness (sidq), integrity (amanah), wisdom (hikmah), and justice (adl) constitute a robust and coherent normative framework for governing conduct in digital spaces. The study maps four interconnected dimensions of an Islamic digital ecosystem: theological grounding for online behavior, ethical interaction in social media environments, creative dakwah through positive content generation, and collective approaches to countering moral hazards including misinformation, cyberbullying, and digital addiction. The research concludes that without deliberate, coordinated engagement from religious scholars, educators, content creators, and policymakers, digital spaces risk amplifying moral degradation rather than fostering spiritual development. The paper proposes a multi-stakeholder model for constructing an Islamic digital culture that is genuinely value-driven, participatory, and adaptive to the evolving technological landscape rather than merely rule-compliant.

This study examines how digital literacy influences students’ critical thinking skills in the educational process during the digital era. The research used a literature review method by analyzing various scientific publications related to digital literacy and critical thinking. The findings indicate that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on students’ critical thinking abilities. Students with higher digital literacy skills are more capable of accessing, analyzing, evaluating, and using information effectively. Digitally literate students can also identify reliable information sources, avoid misinformation and scams, and make logical decisions and plans. In addition, technologies such as social media and artificial intelligence can support learning when accompanied by strong analytical skills. Therefore, the ability to use digital tools effectively is essential for modern educators who aim to improve learning quality and enhance student achievement in today’s digital learning environment. These findings highlight the importance of integrating digital literacy instruction into educational practices at all learning levels.

This literature study examines the procedures for developing creativity test instruments based on creative thinking indicators in educational assessment. The background of this study is driven by the limited availability of appropriate instruments that can accurately measure students’ creative thinking skills, as most existing assessments still emphasize lower-order thinking. The objective of this study is to analyze systematic procedures in developing valid and reliable creativity test instruments. The method used is a qualitative literature review of various studies on instrument development, particularly those applying Research and Development (R&D) approaches such as 4-D models. The findings show that the development process generally involves several stages, including needs analysis, formulation of test specifications, construction of items based on creative thinking indicators (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration), expert validation, limited trials, and statistical analysis of validity and reliability. These indicators represent core dimensions of creative thinking that must be integrated into the instrument to ensure comprehensive measurement . The implications of this study highlight that systematic and theory-based procedures are essential to produce high-quality instruments that are valid, reliable, and practical, thereby supporting effective evaluation and fostering students’ creative thinking skills.

This study aims to analyze the role of educational psychology management in improving students' emotional well-being through a literature review approach. The study is motivated by the increasing emotional problems experienced by students due to academic pressures, social demands, and technological developments in the digital era. Research data were obtained from various relevant scientific articles published between 2022 and 2025 and accessed through academic databases. The analysis process was conducted by reviewing, comparing, and synthesizing research findings related to educational psychology management and students' emotional well-being. The results of the review indicate that effective educational psychology management can be implemented through empathetic approaches in learning, academic stress management, the development of emotional regulation skills, and the integration of spiritual values into the educational process. These approaches have been proven to create a conducive, safe, and supportive learning environment that optimally promotes students' emotional development. In addition, guidance and counseling services, as well as the implementation of humanistic learning management, play a significant role in maintaining students' psychological stability. Therefore, educational psychology management serves as an important strategy in realizing an educational system that is not only oriented toward academic achievement but also focused on enhancing students' overall emotional well-being.

Arabic language instruction in various educational institutions today is still dominated by the structuralist paradigm, which emphasizes the mechanical memorization of patterns and repetition without addressing aspects of linguistic creativity. This study aims to explore the essence of Generative-Transformational Linguistic Theory proposed by Noam Chomsky and to formulate innovative ways to implement it in Arabic language learning. The approach taken in this study is qualitative, specifically a literature review (library research). Data were collected through primary and secondary literature, which were then examined using content analysis methods through the steps of simplification., categorization, and interpretation. The research findings indicate that Generative-Transformative Theory shifts the focus of learning from imitation to creation through the use of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Through the dichotomy of deep structure and surface structure, students are guided to perform various transformational operations such as substitution (al-ibdal), expansion (al-ittisa’), elision (al-hadzf), and addition (al-ziyadah). This principle is also found to align with the classical linguist Ibn Jinni’s thoughts on the concepts of Asl and Furu’. This research suggests that teachers of grammar and word structure should change how they teach strategies into a cognitive-creative process that enables students to independently and authentically generate an unlimited number of new utterances.

The quality of learning is one of the important factors in the success of the educational process. Teachers and principals have a very important role in creating effective and quality learning. Therefore, appropriate psychological strategies are needed in managing learning as well as improving teacher motivation and performance. This study aims to determine the psychological strategies used by teachers and principals in improving the quality of learning. The research method used in this study is a literature review by analyzing several journals related to educational management and educational psychology. The results of the study show that psychological strategies such as teacher work motivation, principal leadership, effective communication, and organizational conflict management can improve the quality of learning in educational institutions. In addition, the application of psychological approaches can create a more positive school climate, strengthen cooperation among educational stakeholders, and support the development of professional teacher behavior. The findings indicate that the success of learning quality improvement depends not only on instructional techniques, but also on emotional, motivational, and leadership factors within the school environment.

Dependence on social media among students has become a phenomenon that negatively impacts their critical thinking abilities, including difficulties in analyzing information, evaluating sources, and drawing logical conclusions. This study aims to examine contextual learning strategies as an effort to overcome the decline in critical thinking skills caused by social media dependence. The method used is a library research approach by reviewing various scientific sources such as books, journals, and previous studies relevant to contextual learning and critical thinking. The results of the study indicate that contextual learning can improve students’ critical thinking skills by linking learning materials to real-life situations, using authentic problems, and encouraging active student involvement in the learning process. This strategy promotes students to become more reflective, analytical, and independent in responding to information, including content obtained from social media. In addition, contextual learning helps students develop the ability to filter information and build deeper understanding. The implication of this study suggests that the consistent implementation of contextual learning strategies can serve as an effective solution to enhance students’ critical thinking skills and reduce the negative effects of social media dependence in the learning process.  

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has brought significant transformation alongside a serious threat of dehumanization, namely the erosion of human values such as empathy, social interaction, and pedagogical relationships in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the role of humanistic character education in realizing quality education amid the threat of AI-driven dehumanization. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review technique through the examination of relevant, credible, and up-to-date scientific literature. The findings reveal that AI has the potential to create digital heteronomy that undermines students' learning autonomy and triggers a decline in character and morality, thereby hindering the achievement of quality education in accordance with SDGs 2030. Humanistic character education emerges as a solution that positions students as whole individuals to be developed cognitively, affectively, morally, and spiritually through a teacher-AI collaboration model grounded in Pancasila values. Its implementation requires an integrated strategy involving national policy, the role of teachers as facilitators and moral guides, as well as the active involvement of families and communities. This research implies the importance of balancing technological advancement with the strengthening of human values so that education can continue to produce generations that are intellectually competent, emotionally mature, and morally resilient.

Neologism refer to creation of new word or expression in language plus are widely recognized as important part of language development together with cultural change. This article reviews emergence of new vocabulary in popular culture as well as shows that popular culture provide dynamic environment for linguistic creativity. It examines study discussing neologism that originate from film, especially blockbuster movie, television series, music, along with social media. These study demonstrate important role of popular culture in introducing new expression into language plus spreading them to wider audience. Although many scholars have examined neologism, only limited number have explored popular culture as broad together with interconnected domain. Popular culture include music, film, television program, video game, social media, internet trend, in addition to other cultural activity that influence everyday life. In recent year, it become major source of new vocabulary, continuously producing modern plus widely used expression. This study apply qualitative library research approach through systematic review of literature obtained from journal, book, along with academic database. Finding indicate that popular culture plays major role in accelerating spread together with acceptance of neologism, particularly through digital communication. In addition, social media platform as well as entertainment industry serve as important channel for introducing new term, contributing to language development, identity formation, plus intercultural communication in modern society.

The development of digital technology in the Society 5.0 era has significant implications for the education system, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. This era places humans at the center of technological development, thus demanding Islamic education to remain relevant, adaptive, and oriented towards humanitarian values. This study aims to analyze and reconstruct the objectives, materials, and strategies of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning to align with the characteristics and challenges of the Society 5.0 era. This study uses a literature review approach through a review of various scientific sources in the form of books, articles, and other sources. The results of the study indicate that the reconstruction of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning encompasses three main aspects. First, the learning objectives are directed at developing students who are faithful, have noble character, possess 21st-century competencies, and are able to utilize technology wisely. Second, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning materials need to be developed adaptively, contextually, and integrated with digital technology without eliminating the foundation of the Qur'an and Hadith. Third, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategies in the Society 5.0 era emphasize a humanistic, participatory approach, discovery learning, and blended learning that combines face-to-face and digital learning. This reconstruction is expected to produce a relevant, innovative Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning model that is oriented toward character building and strengthening Islamic values ​​amidst modern technological developments.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the education sector has undergone major changes. These changes bring great opportunities to change the learning process to be more personal, effective, and inclusive. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the potential and challenges that need to be faced in the application of AI in education so that it can run optimally. The method used in this study is the literature review method of various recent studies that discuss the use of AI in education, The results of the study show that AI has great potential to improve the personalization of learning and educational efficiency. However, there are number of significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, privacy and data security issues, resistance from educators and students, and the digital divide that still occurs in several regions. Therefore, a strategy is needed that includes a academic laziness that reduces learning motivation, constraints on AI contextual knowledge, Inability to process complex information, loss of literacy skills, amd the risk of addiction to AI technology. With a planned and sustainable strategy, AI has great potential to improve the quality of national education and also reduce the dangers that may arise from the modern technological era.  

Depth perception is a crucial visual ability for humans to judge distance and understand three-dimensional space. However, the brain's distance estimation is not always accurate and is often influenced by external factors such as color. This study aims to examine in depth how orange color influences the acuity of human depth perception. The method applied is a Systematic Literature Review (TLS) by examining 8 research papers from repository data from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases ranging from 2007 to 2025. The results show that orange, as part of the warm color spectrum with a long wavelength, significantly creates an advancing color effect that makes objects perceived as closer than cool colors. The main findings reveal that orange provides superior visual acuity in low-light conditions and has a wide stereoscopic disparity range to help the brain map space. In conclusion, the color orange functions as an effective additional visual cue in strengthening spatial perception. The implications of this research are highly relevant for the development of Augmented Reality (AR) technology and visual safety design, where the use of orange can minimize distance estimation errors by users

The use of technology in learning represents a crucial innovation in education, evolving alongside advancements in science and technology. The utilization of technology allows the learning process to become more interactive, flexible, and capable of adapting to the needs and characteristics of students. However, in practice, the implementation of instructional technology still faces various challenges, such as limited access to technology, low educator competence, and uneven readiness among educational institutions This study aims to examine the utilization of technology in learning, identify the benefits obtained, and analyze the challenges faced during implementation. The research method employed is a literature study with a qualitative approach, conducted through a review of various literary sources including books, scientific articles, and relevant research findings discussing the application of educational technology The results of the study indicate that the use of digital technology such as interactive multimedia, e-learning, and augmented reality is able to enhance learning effectiveness, student motivation, and the quality of learning outcomes. Nevertheless, obstacles remain in the form of technological facility gaps, a lack of teacher training, and the slow adaptation of educational institutions to technological developments. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that the application of technology in learning requires adequate infrastructure support, the improvement of educator competence through continuous training, and supportive educational policies to ensure that technology utilization can function optimally and sustainably.  

Educational businesses face unique challenges because they are not solely oriented toward financial profit, but also toward social values, institutional sustainability, and the improvement of human resource quality. Educational institutions are required to balance educational idealism with professionalism and competitiveness. This study aims to explain growth strategies in the education business sector through a conceptual approach and literature analysis. The main focus of the study includes the concept of growth, the growth cycle of educational businesses, growth strategies, the growing the core approach, and educational marketing strategies. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature review approach. Data were obtained from various literature sources, such as academic journals, educational books, and publications related to educational management. The findings indicate that sustainable growth in educational businesses largely depends on an institution’s ability to strengthen its core values, innovate learning services, improve management quality, expand markets ethically, and build public trust through educational, transparent, and quality-oriented marketing strategies.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a cultural practice among several communities in Indonesia despite global health warnings and international commitments to abolish harmful traditional practices. This article investigates three major aspects: (1) parental knowledge and perception regarding FGM, (2) challenges educators face when providing awareness to parents, and (3) effective strategies within the framework of nonformal education especially PAUD to reduce FGM practice in early childhood. This study uses a systematic literature review approach, integrating national scholarly works particularly journals from Universitas Negeri Padang international research evidence (WHO, UNICEF, BMJ Global Health), and socio-cultural analysis. Findings reveal that parents generally have low health literacy regarding the dangers of FGM and deeply rely on cultural and religious interpretations inherited across generations. The continuity of FGM is influenced by social pressure, traditional authority, and limited trust in formal information. Within the nonformal education domain, PAUD serves as a strategic institution to build dialogue, involve community leaders, and enhance parental awareness through community-based education. This study emphasizes that culturally sensitive, dialogic, and collaborative educational strategies are required to address FGM within communities.

Numerous recovery strategies can be found nowadays and it is difficult for an athlete or coach to choose the best to optimize the recovery process after a sport competition. The present systematic review is aimed to determine the effect of modern recovery strategies after a competition on subsequent performance. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORT Discus were searched from May 21 to May 30, 2021. Types of participants considered were healthy people practising any sport, including an intervention with a modern recovery strategy after a competition that assessed a sporting performance parameter. Two reviewers selected the studies, extracted data and appraised the quality of the included studies. In total, 25 studies with 311 participants met the eligibility criteria. According to the results, cold water immersion showed positive effects on subsequent sport performance after competition, especially in time-trial-based disciplines, although the magnitude of this effect depended on the intensity of the preceding exercise and the water temperature. Active recovery was effective only when the subsequent bout was 24 h after the competition. Massage, compression garments and stretching were not effective to improve performance during the recovery period. Based on the present review, cold water immersion is the most used and effective method to improve performance after a sport competition. These findings will contribute toward a better understanding of modern recovery strategies and provide valuable information to athletes and coaches on how to optimize recovery after competition

This research is motivated by the low level of student interest in Arts, Culture, and Crafts at school. This low level of interest is evident in the lack of active student participation, low enthusiasm during learning activities, and minimal initiative in completing arts and crafts practical assignments. This condition requires teachers to select and implement an appropriate learning model, one that not only delivers material clearly but also stimulates motivation and is suited to the characteristics of the students. One of the chosen models is Direct Instruction. This model emphasizes the teacher's delivery of material in a structured, clear, and systematic manner, followed by examples, guidance, and directed practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the application of the Direct Instruction model can increase student interest in Arts, Culture, and Crafts. This study used qualitative methods with observation, interview, and documentation techniques to collect data. Analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods by reviewing all field findings. The results showed that the application of the Direct Instruction model significantly increased student interest in learning. Students became more active in asking questions, enthusiastically followed instructions, and demonstrated improved skills in arts and crafts practicals. In addition, student involvement in class discussions also increased, and they were more confident in presenting their work. In conclusion, the use of the Direct Instruction model can be an effective alternative learning strategy to increase student interest in learning, particularly in Arts, Culture, and Crafts. Teachers are advised to combine this model with other creative methods to optimize learning outcomes.