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As a strategic public policy, the Free Nutritious Meal program serves as a long-term social investment aimed at enhancing the quality of human resources. This study is directed to examine and map the positive contributions of the MBG initiative to the pillars of health, discipline levels, and academic achievement of students through a literature review method. The article search, utilizing keywords such as "Makan Bergizi Gratis," "Implementasi MBG," and "Dampak MBG," yielded 10 relevant scientific articles, which were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the MBG program exerts a significant positive impact on various dimensions of student development. In the academic aspect, this program improves students' focus, concentration, motivation, and active learning engagement. Health-wise, MBG contributes to improving nutritional status, which supports children's physical and psychological readiness, whereas, in terms of discipline, this intervention is proven to increase attendance rates while reducing tardiness at school. Overall, it is concluded that the MBG program does not merely function to fulfill essential nutritional intake, but also acts to maximize learning effectiveness and student academic performance across all education levels.

Differentiated instruction is an approach aimed at meeting students' learning needs based on their abilities, characteristics, and requirements. This study aims to describe the experiences of a fifth-grade teacher in implementing differentiated instruction at SD 3 Jepang Kudus. The study employs a qualitative approach using a phenomenological design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was established through technique triangulation. The results indicate that the teacher perceives differentiated instruction as an effort to provide learning support tailored to students' needs. Implementation is carried out through adjustments to the learning process, guidance, peer tutoring, and the creation of an inclusive learning environment. This implementation has a positive impact on students' academic, social, and emotional development. Challenges encountered include the diversity of students' learning abilities and the suboptimal application of differentiation regarding learning products and assessments. These findings underscore the importance of teacher experience in optimally and sustainably accommodating students' learning needs.

This study aims to analyze the language style employed by President Prabowo Subianto in his speech delivered at the 17th National Farmers and Fishermen Week in 2026 using Teun A. Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis framework. The study employed a qualitative approach with documentation techniques applied to the official speech transcript. Data were analyzed through Van Dijk's three analytical dimensions, namely text, social cognition, and social context. The findings reveal that, at the textual level, the speech is dominated by themes of support for farmers and fishermen as strategic actors in national development and food security. At the superstructure level, the speech is organized argumentatively through personal experiences, policy explanations, and reaffirmation of governmental commitments. At the microstructure level, the speech demonstrates the use of informal language, rhetorical strategies, repetition, and lexical choices that strengthen the relationship between the speaker and the audience. In terms of social cognition, the findings indicate the speaker's awareness of the media's role in shaping public opinion, as reflected in several instances of meta-communication. Meanwhile, the social context dimension reveals representations of power relations through the construction of social groups positioned either as supporters or obstacles to national interests. These findings suggest that the speech functions not only as a means of political communication but also as a medium for constructing ideology, legitimizing power, and shaping political identity. This study reinforces the view that language plays a significant role in representing social realities and power relations within society.

This study aims to examine the historical origins and development of the sociology of education, explore the biographies and ideas of key scholars from both Islamic and Western traditions, and analyze their relevance in the context of modern education. The development of education has always been closely linked to social, political, and economic dynamics, which gave rise to the sociology of education as a discipline that investigates the relationship between education and social change. Contemporary challenges such as social inequality, the impacts of globalization and technological advancement, and the growing demand for the democratization of education require a comprehensive examination of the major sociological theories that have emerged over time. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method through the analysis of relevant books and scholarly journal articles. The findings indicate that the ideas of scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Herbert Spencer, George Herbert Mead, Talcott Parsons, and Ali Shariati have made significant contributions to understanding the functions, conflicts, and interactions within education. Structural functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories provide complementary analytical frameworks for explaining education’s role as a means of social integration, an arena for the reproduction of inequality, and a space for the construction of meaning and identity. By adopting a comparative approach across different intellectual traditions, this study offers a holistic perspective for the development of the sociology of education in the modern era.

This study discusses the phenomenon of hoaxes among students as one of the challenges to digital literacy in the education sector. The rapid growth of digital technology and social media has made information easier for students to access. However, this development also increases the spread of false information and hoaxes among young people. This research used a qualitative approach whit a literature study method by riviewing various publications related to digital literacy and misinformation. The findings show that the apread of hoaxes among students is caused by several factors, such as limited digital literacy skills, emotional influences, social enviroments, technological developments. And weak critical thingking abilities. In addition, social media algorithms and digital culture also play an important role in accelerating the spread of misleading information. Therefore, strengthening digital literacy is considered important as a preventive effort, especially through improving critical thingking skills, information verification abilities, and ethical awareness ehwn using digital media. The study concludes that cooperation between schools, families, government, and socienty is necessary to improve students’ digital literacy skills so that the spread of hoaxes in the digital era can be reduced.

Assessment practices in Indonesian language learning at vocational high schools are still predominantly oriented toward written tests and cognitive achievement, resulting in limited measurement of communicative competence, language politeness, and self-control. This condition is not fully aligned with the characteristics of vocational education, which prepares students to meet workplace demands through professional communication skills and strong personal character. This study aims to develop an integrative authentic assessment model based on language politeness and self-control in Indonesian language learning at vocational high schools. The study employed a qualitative approach using library research by analyzing 16 relevant references consisting of journal articles, policy documents, and supporting academic sources. Data were analyzed through identification, classification, comparison, interpretation, and conceptual synthesis. The findings reveal that the proposed model should integrate four principal dimensions: linguistic knowledge, language skills, language politeness, and self-control. The model may be implemented through contextual assessment tasks such as presentations, job interview simulations, customer service practices, digital portfolios, peer assessment, and reflective evaluation. This model offers a more comprehensive assessment framework and may serve as a practical guideline for teachers in evaluating students’ academic competence, communication ethics, and work readiness. The study contributes to the development of character-based assessment innovation in vocational education..

Expressive short story reading instruction requires both verbal and nonverbal skills so that students can convey the story’s content in a communicative and meaningful way. However, the instructional models currently in use tend to focus on only one aspect, resulting in suboptimal development of oral expression. This study aims to describe the innovative design of the Story Physical Expression (SPE) learning model for expressive short story reading instruction. The study employs a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained from various books, scientific articles, and relevant research findings, then analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results indicate that the SPE model was developed through the reconstruction of the storytelling and Total Physical Response (TPR) models by integrating verbal and nonverbal skills into a single learning sequence. This model consists of seven components: stimulation and motivation, story reading examples, exploration of physical expression, guided expression practice, story performance, feedback and reflection, and evaluation and reinforcement. The novelty of the SPE model lies in the integration of story immersion, intonation, pronunciation, facial expressions, gestures, and body movements in the expressive learning of short stories. The SPE model serves as an alternative instructional model that can be used to develop students’ oral expression skills in Indonesian language learning.

Educational philosophy plays a significant role in developing students’ thinking abilities, especially in improving critical thinking competence and creativity. Through learning strategies that encourage students to actively ask questions, analyze, and evaluate information, students can develop into more rational, critical, and independent individuals in making decisions. This study aims to explore the role of educational philosophy in developing students’ critical reasoning competence and creativity. The research employed a qualitative method using a literature study approach. Data were obtained from various sources, including books, scientific journals, and articles relevant to the research topic. The findings show that the implementation of educational philosophy through discussions, question-and-answer methods, and experience-based learning (learning by doing) can improve students’ analytical skills while encouraging the emergence of creative and innovative ideas. In addition, a learning environment that provides students with opportunities to express their opinions can support the optimal development of their potential. Thus, educational philosophy not only functions as a theoretical foundation in education but also has practical applications in creating creative, active, and progressive learning environments. Therefore, the implementation of educational philosophy is important in producing a generation that is creative, analytical, and capable of facing the challenges of the modern era.

This study aims to analyze the role of educational psychology management in improving students' emotional well-being through a literature review approach. The study is motivated by the increasing emotional problems experienced by students due to academic pressures, social demands, and technological developments in the digital era. Research data were obtained from various relevant scientific articles published between 2022 and 2025 and accessed through academic databases. The analysis process was conducted by reviewing, comparing, and synthesizing research findings related to educational psychology management and students' emotional well-being. The results of the review indicate that effective educational psychology management can be implemented through empathetic approaches in learning, academic stress management, the development of emotional regulation skills, and the integration of spiritual values into the educational process. These approaches have been proven to create a conducive, safe, and supportive learning environment that optimally promotes students' emotional development. In addition, guidance and counseling services, as well as the implementation of humanistic learning management, play a significant role in maintaining students' psychological stability. Therefore, educational psychology management serves as an important strategy in realizing an educational system that is not only oriented toward academic achievement but also focused on enhancing students' overall emotional well-being.

This literature study examines the procedures for developing creativity test instruments based on creative thinking indicators in educational assessment. The background of this study is driven by the limited availability of appropriate instruments that can accurately measure students’ creative thinking skills, as most existing assessments still emphasize lower-order thinking. The objective of this study is to analyze systematic procedures in developing valid and reliable creativity test instruments. The method used is a qualitative literature review of various studies on instrument development, particularly those applying Research and Development (R&D) approaches such as 4-D models. The findings show that the development process generally involves several stages, including needs analysis, formulation of test specifications, construction of items based on creative thinking indicators (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration), expert validation, limited trials, and statistical analysis of validity and reliability. These indicators represent core dimensions of creative thinking that must be integrated into the instrument to ensure comprehensive measurement . The implications of this study highlight that systematic and theory-based procedures are essential to produce high-quality instruments that are valid, reliable, and practical, thereby supporting effective evaluation and fostering students’ creative thinking skills.

The exponential growth of digital technology has profoundly reshaped the communicative landscape of Muslim communities across the globe, fundamentally altering how they access information, forge religious identities, and engage in collective discourse. This study examines the imperative of building an Islamic and ethical digital ecosystem grounded in three foundational pillars of Islamic thought: theological monotheism (tawhid), Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), and moral excellence (akhlakul karimah). Employing a qualitative methodology through systematic literature review and critical discourse analysis, this research synthesizes perspectives drawn from Islamic studies, digital ethics, communication theory, and social informatics. The findings demonstrate that Islamic moral principles encompassing truthfulness (sidq), integrity (amanah), wisdom (hikmah), and justice (adl) constitute a robust and coherent normative framework for governing conduct in digital spaces. The study maps four interconnected dimensions of an Islamic digital ecosystem: theological grounding for online behavior, ethical interaction in social media environments, creative dakwah through positive content generation, and collective approaches to countering moral hazards including misinformation, cyberbullying, and digital addiction. The research concludes that without deliberate, coordinated engagement from religious scholars, educators, content creators, and policymakers, digital spaces risk amplifying moral degradation rather than fostering spiritual development. The paper proposes a multi-stakeholder model for constructing an Islamic digital culture that is genuinely value-driven, participatory, and adaptive to the evolving technological landscape rather than merely rule-compliant.

. This research is motivated by the low ability to write experiential stories of fourth-grade elementary school students, which is triggered by conventional learning methods and minimal use of media. The purpose of this study is to design interactive multimedia assisted by the Genially application on the material of writing experiential stories, which must meet the standards of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE framework (Analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The research subjects consisted of 20 fourth-grade elementary school students. Data were collected through interviews, validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pretests and posttests. The results of the study showed that Genilly interactive multimedia obtained a media validation percentage of 96%, material validation of 98% with a very valid category. The results of practicality obtained a percentage of 9a% from teachers and 98.3% from students with a very practical category. The effectiveness results showed an increase in learning outcomes with an N-Gain value of 0.91 in the proficient category, 0.74 in the developing category, and 0.71 in the need for guidance category, which is included in the high category. Thus, Genially interactive multimedia is suitable for use as a learning medium to help improve writing skills.

This study examines the implementation of speech therapy for children with speech delay at PSAA Balita Tunas Bangsa, an orphanage setting where children experience limited parental stimulation and various psychosocial challenges. The objective of this research is to analyze how speech therapy is carried out, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and understand its impact on children's expressive language development. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the head of the institution, speech therapist, caregivers, and a child with speech delay. The findings show that speech therapy conducted through methods such as word repetition, picture-based learning, and interactive play is effective in enhancing children’s vocabulary, communicative confidence, and social interaction. Key supporting factors include caregiver involvement and adequate facilities, while limited therapy frequency and children's initial resistance become inhibiting factors. The results indicate that the integration of therapy with daily caregiver support significantly contributes to the child's language progress. These findings highlight the importance of consistent stimulation, collaborative care, and structured therapeutic programs in improving expressive language skills in institutionalized children with speech delay.

The rapid development of social media in the digital era brings both positive and negative impacts on society. One of the most concerning negative impacts is the widespread dissemination of hoaxes or false information that threatens social stability, religious harmony, and national security. Indonesia, as one of the largest social media user countries in the world, faces serious challenges in addressing this issue. This study aims to examine the role of digital literacy in countering the spread of hoaxes on social media from the perspective of Islamic values. The method used is a library research with a descriptive qualitative approach, drawing from the Qur’an, hadith, scientific journals, and relevant national and international literature. The findings indicate that good digital literacy, encompassing the ability to identify, verify, and critically filter information, is aligned with Islamic principles such as tabayyun (clarification), amar ma’ruf nahi munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil), and the prohibition of spreading false information (slander). Islam firmly encourages its followers to be critical, selective, and responsible in receiving and disseminating information. The integration of Islamic values with digital literacy competencies can shape individuals who are not only technologically intelligent but also morally upright in the digital space. Therefore, the internalization of Islamic values in digital literacy practice is an effective and holistic strategy in minimizing the spread of hoaxes on social media.

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged schools to adapt counseling services to the needs of students in the modern era. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the transformation of guidance and counseling services toward the digital era through a digital counseling audit at SMP N 18 Medan. The study used a descriptive evaluative approach with mixed methods involving guidance counselors and students as research subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation related to digital counseling services. The findings showed that digital counseling services had begun to be implemented through online communication media such as WhatsApp and digital learning materials. Both counselors and students responded positively to the implementation of digital counseling because it was considered more flexible and accessible. However, the audit results indicated that the school was still in the transition category because several aspects such as digital databases, online assessment systems, and integrated counseling platforms had not been fully developed. The study implies that schools need to strengthen digital infrastructure, improve counselor digital competence, and develop more integrated counseling systems to support student needs in the digital era.

This study aims to determine the influence of religious activities on adolescent behavior in daily life. Adolescence is a developmental phase that is vulnerable to various environmental influences, both positive and negative. Therefore, religious activities are considered one of the efforts to develop character and morality that can shape adolescents’ behavior in a positive direction. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation involving adolescents who actively participated in religious activities at school and within the community. The data were analyzed using simple statistical analysis techniques to identify the relationship and influence between the intensity of religious activities and adolescent behavior. The results showed that religious activities have a positive influence on adolescent behavior, particularly in aspects such as discipline, responsibility, politeness, social awareness, and self-control. Adolescents who actively participate in religious activities tend to demonstrate better behavior compared to those who are less involved. In addition, religious activities also contribute to reducing deviant behaviors among adolescents, such as juvenile delinquency, negative social interactions, and lack of respect toward parents and teachers. Therefore, religious activities can serve as an effective means of character building and strengthening moral values among adolescents in the modern era.

The quality of learning is one of the important factors in the success of the educational process. Teachers and principals have a very important role in creating effective and quality learning. Therefore, appropriate psychological strategies are needed in managing learning as well as improving teacher motivation and performance. This study aims to determine the psychological strategies used by teachers and principals in improving the quality of learning. The research method used in this study is a literature review by analyzing several journals related to educational management and educational psychology. The results of the study show that psychological strategies such as teacher work motivation, principal leadership, effective communication, and organizational conflict management can improve the quality of learning in educational institutions. In addition, the application of psychological approaches can create a more positive school climate, strengthen cooperation among educational stakeholders, and support the development of professional teacher behavior. The findings indicate that the success of learning quality improvement depends not only on instructional techniques, but also on emotional, motivational, and leadership factors within the school environment.

This study aims to (1) describe the process of developing the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media for first-grade elementary school students, (2) describe the validity of the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media, and (3) describe students’ responses to the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media. This research is a developmental study using the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The study was conducted at UPT SD Negeri 253 Gresik during the odd semester. The research subjects consisted of 25 students, comprising 10 male students and 15 female students. The data collection techniques included interviews, media expert validation questionnaires, material expert validation questionnaires, learning outcomes test and student response questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media obtained a media expert validation score of 96,25% with a very valid category, a material expert validation score of 97,50% with a very valid category, and a student response score of 97,2% with a very good category. Based on these results, the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media is considered valid and get a positive response, and therefore suitable for use as a learning media for Pancasila Education for first-grade elementary school students.

Education plays a crucial role in developing students’ potential both academically and non-academically. One of the important efforts to support this development is through extracurricular activities, which provide opportunities for students to explore and enhance their interests and talents. This study aims to describe the role of extracurricular activities in developing students’ interests and talents at SMP Swasta Katolik Maria Kanisia. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to understand the phenomenon in its natural setting. The data were collected through structured observations and document analysis involving students and extracurricular supervisors. The findings reveal that extracurricular activities have been implemented in a structured and systematic manner, including both compulsory and optional programs such as scouting, choir, drum band, wall magazine, and handicrafts. These activities contribute positively to the development of students’ interests, talents, creativity, social skills, and self-confidence. The role of supervisors is also significant in guiding and motivating students throughout the activities. Despite some challenges related to time and scheduling, extracurricular programs have shown meaningful impacts on students’ holistic development. Therefore, improving program management and support systems is essential to maximize their effectiveness.

Neologism refer to creation of new word or expression in language plus are widely recognized as important part of language development together with cultural change. This article reviews emergence of new vocabulary in popular culture as well as shows that popular culture provide dynamic environment for linguistic creativity. It examines study discussing neologism that originate from film, especially blockbuster movie, television series, music, along with social media. These study demonstrate important role of popular culture in introducing new expression into language plus spreading them to wider audience. Although many scholars have examined neologism, only limited number have explored popular culture as broad together with interconnected domain. Popular culture include music, film, television program, video game, social media, internet trend, in addition to other cultural activity that influence everyday life. In recent year, it become major source of new vocabulary, continuously producing modern plus widely used expression. This study apply qualitative library research approach through systematic review of literature obtained from journal, book, along with academic database. Finding indicate that popular culture plays major role in accelerating spread together with acceptance of neologism, particularly through digital communication. In addition, social media platform as well as entertainment industry serve as important channel for introducing new term, contributing to language development, identity formation, plus intercultural communication in modern society.