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Fatherlessness is a condition in which individuals grow up without adequate paternal presence or involvement, either physically or emotionally. This condition is not only related to the absence of a father figure within the family structure, but also to the limited role of fathers in providing emotional support, moral guidance, and a sense of security for their children. The phenomenon of fatherlessness has the potential to cause various psychological wounds that affect personality development and mental well-being. This study aims to explore in depth the psychological experiences and forms of emotional distress experienced by fatherless individuals within the environment of Universitas Nasional Pasim Bandung. The study employed a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with ten informants who had fatherless backgrounds due to divorce, death, or emotional unavailability of the father. The data were analyzed through processes of reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding. The findings indicate that the absence of a father has a significant impact on various aspects of psychological development, particularly self-esteem, emotional regulation, identity formation, and patterns of social relationships. Informants tended to experience self-doubt, heightened sensitivity to criticism, confusion regarding life direction, and difficulties in expressing and managing emotions. However, the experience of fatherlessness did not produce uniform effects across individuals. Informants who received strong emotional support from mothers, extended family members, or supportive social environments demonstrated better adaptive abilities in coping with emotional stress and building healthy interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize that fatherlessness is not merely an issue of a father’s physical absence, but a long-term psychological experience that shapes how individuals perceive themselves, others, and their surroundings.

This study aims to analyze the role of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) as a predictor of student learning independence in the digital era, with a case study focus at Mts Hidayadul Muhajirin Palangka Raya. The digital era requires students to be able to learn independently, adaptively, and be responsible for their learning process. SRL, which includes aspects of motivation, cognitive strategies, and self-management, is one of the important factors that can affect the level of student learning independence. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using observation and interviews. The data were analyzed to obtain research findings. The subjects in this study were Hidayatul Muhajirin Palangka Raya Mts students who had low SRL, but there were also some students who had high SRL. Self-Regulates Learning in these students is independently influenced by several factors, namely 1) self-confidence, 2) internal motivation, 3) direct support from the family while the inhibiting factors are 1) the absence of encouragement from parents to tell their children to study, 2) getting used to the comfort zone.

Basic knowledge of first aid is an essential competency that must be possessed by prospective elementary school teachers, as teachers often act as first responders in medical emergencies at school. This study aims to analyze the function of the pulse in the early identification of cardiac core function as part of the first aid system. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review from scientific sources related to cardiac anatomy and physiology, pulse examination techniques, and international first aid guidelines. The findings indicate that the pulse is a vital indicator reflecting the performance of the heart's core system, particularly the sinoatrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node. The absence of a detectable pulse signifies a serious disruption in the circulatory system and serves as the basis for emergency interventions such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In the context of elementary education, teachers need the skills to recognize and assess the pulse to make quick and accurate decisions during critical situations. Therefore, training in first aid skills, including pulse assessment, should be integrated into PGSD (Primary School Teacher Education) programs to prepare responsive and capable educators for emergency situations.