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Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

The purpose of this study is to develop illustrated story media to increase interest in learning social studies subjects for grade IV students of SDN Inpres Rabakodo. This study uses the R&D method, to develop illustrated story media as a learning media for social studies for grade IV elementary school students. By using the Borg and Gall model which includes 5 stages, namely potential and problems, collecting data, product design, product validation, and design revision. The results of the study showed that the validity of the illustrated story media from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 83.26 categorized as very feasible. The questionnaire response of limited test students showed the practicality of the illustrated story media with an average score of 85.16 categorized as very practical. The results of the development of illustrated story media carried out by measuring student learning interest were 82%, compared to before the use of the story media, student learning interest was only 45%. This means that the results of the development can significantly increase student learning interest

The purpose of this study is to develop illustrated story media to increase interest in learning social studies subjects for grade IV students of SDN Inpres Rabakodo. This study uses the R&D method, to develop illustrated story media as a learning media for social studies for grade IV elementary school students. By using the Borg and Gall model which includes 5 stages, namely potential and problems, collecting data, product design, product validation, and design revision. The results of the study showed that the validity of the illustrated story media from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 83.26 categorized as very feasible. The questionnaire response of limited test students showed the practicality of the illustrated story media with an average score of 85.16 categorized as very practical. The results of the development of illustrated story media carried out by measuring student learning interest were 82%, compared to before the use of the story media, student learning interest was only 45%. This means that the results of the development can significantly increase student learning interest

Many students study in Jakarta but seem to learn nothing. In fact, most of them cannot speak good and correct Indonesian, in fact, there are also students who have not mastered Indonesian vocabulary. The phenomenon of learning difficulties occurs because of serious problems in education in Indonesia, one of which is the lack of mastery of Indonesian in universities. This study aims to reveal the existence of sociolinguistics on the attitudes/opinions of ITPLN students in using language in the campus environment. Finding sociolinguistic factors that strengthen and weaken the use of Indonesian in the engineering field. This study uses quantitative methods and correlational descriptive surveys, namely research conducted to obtain information about data, then processed with statistics with the preliminary study stage carried out with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of this study show the value of the determinant coefficient (R2) = 0.192, which means that around 19.2% of changes in sociolinguistic variables and learning achievement can be explained by student learning achievement. Then based on the results of the t-test, sig0.000 <0.005 was obtained, meaning that the influence was significant. In other words, sociolinguistic variables provide a significant positive contribution to the learning achievement of ITPLN students. The results of the F test obtained F count 14.04 sig0.000<0.005 Ftable shows that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence. So it can also be concluded that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted.

Many students study in Jakarta but seem to learn nothing. In fact, most of them cannot speak good and correct Indonesian, in fact, there are also students who have not mastered Indonesian vocabulary. The phenomenon of learning difficulties occurs because of serious problems in education in Indonesia, one of which is the lack of mastery of Indonesian in universities. This study aims to reveal the existence of sociolinguistics on the attitudes/opinions of ITPLN students in using language in the campus environment. Finding sociolinguistic factors that strengthen and weaken the use of Indonesian in the engineering field. This study uses quantitative methods and correlational descriptive surveys, namely research conducted to obtain information about data, then processed with statistics with the preliminary study stage carried out with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of this study show the value of the determinant coefficient (R2) = 0.192, which means that around 19.2% of changes in sociolinguistic variables and learning achievement can be explained by student learning achievement. Then based on the results of the t-test, sig0.000 <0.005 was obtained, meaning that the influence was significant. In other words, sociolinguistic variables provide a significant positive contribution to the learning achievement of ITPLN students. The results of the F test obtained F count 14.04 sig0.000<0.005 Ftable shows that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence. So it can also be concluded that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted.

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

The Active Learning method is active learning. Most practitioners and observers refer to it as a learning by doing strategy. The approach views learning as a process of building understanding through experience and information. With this approach, learners' unique perceptions, knowledge and feelings influence the learning process. The problems in this study are (1) How is student interest in learning in the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi (2) Whether the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games can increase student interest in learning multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were third grade students of SDIT Baitul Ilmi, totalling 33 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student learning interest test results, then the data was analysed using the percentage formula. The results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model from 87.50% to 93.75% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model 54.64% to 85.17% and, (3) the results of student learning interest in Mathematics subjects cycle I using Active Learning 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II. This shows that the results of students' confidence in Mathematics subjects using the Active Learning model show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' interest in learning to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve for the better. 

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

The Active Learning method is active learning. Most practitioners and observers refer to it as a learning by doing strategy. The approach views learning as a process of building understanding through experience and information. With this approach, learners' unique perceptions, knowledge and feelings influence the learning process. The problems in this study are (1) How is student interest in learning in the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi (2) Whether the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games can increase student interest in learning multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were third grade students of SDIT Baitul Ilmi, totalling 33 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student learning interest test results, then the data was analysed using the percentage formula. The results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model from 87.50% to 93.75% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model 54.64% to 85.17% and, (3) the results of student learning interest in Mathematics subjects cycle I using Active Learning 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II. This shows that the results of students' confidence in Mathematics subjects using the Active Learning model show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' interest in learning to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve for the better. 

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

 Cross-age stories or also known as hikayat story texts have their own uniqueness when compared to other types of texts. The uniqueness of the hikayat story text is in the presentation of the language in the story that uses archaic language, the contents of the story, and the plot used in the story. These uniqueness certainly requires an effective strategy in the learning process. After the Covid-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of human life, one of the aspects that has an impact is the field of education. In the field of education that is very influential is an educator or teacher. A teacher is required to always update and actualize the times and technology in relation to the learning process. Teachers must find alternative solutions to various problems for the smoothness and achievement of learning. One alternative solution to this problem is the implementation of Google Classroom media with a hybrid learning system. The hybrid teaching and learning process can use the help of electronic technology, one of which is Google Classroom. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The purpose of this article is to describe the implementation of Google Classroom in teaching story texts for class X-5 at SMA N 11 Semarang. The results obtained from this article are that the implementation of Google classroom in learning story texts for class X-5 at SMA N 11 Semarang runs well and smoothly and can improve student learning outcomes.   Keywords: technology, media google classroom, hikayat story text

 Cross-age stories or also known as hikayat story texts have their own uniqueness when compared to other types of texts. The uniqueness of the hikayat story text is in the presentation of the language in the story that uses archaic language, the contents of the story, and the plot used in the story. These uniqueness certainly requires an effective strategy in the learning process. After the Covid-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of human life, one of the aspects that has an impact is the field of education. In the field of education that is very influential is an educator or teacher. A teacher is required to always update and actualize the times and technology in relation to the learning process. Teachers must find alternative solutions to various problems for the smoothness and achievement of learning. One alternative solution to this problem is the implementation of Google Classroom media with a hybrid learning system. The hybrid teaching and learning process can use the help of electronic technology, one of which is Google Classroom. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The purpose of this article is to describe the implementation of Google Classroom in teaching story texts for class X-5 at SMA N 11 Semarang. The results obtained from this article are that the implementation of Google classroom in learning story texts for class X-5 at SMA N 11 Semarang runs well and smoothly and can improve student learning outcomes.   Keywords: technology, media google classroom, hikayat story text