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Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

This study analyzes George Orwell's novel Animal Farm as a reflection of social conflicts in the 1917 Russian Revolution using M.H. Abrams' mimetic approach. The novel functions as an allegory, with Mr. Jones representing Tsar Nicholas II, Snowball as Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon as Joseph Stalin. Through the mimetic approach, this research identifies how the rebellion, power struggles, and the corruption of revolutionary ideals are depicted in the novel, ultimately leading to dictatorship that mirrors the regime they initially rejected. Orwell highlights how the revolution's original vision of equality was ultimately betrayed by the new leaders. The findings of this study show that Animal Farm not only critiques Stalinism but also reflects broader social and political phenomena related to the concentration of power, abuse of authority, and the cyclical nature of power in history. This study supports mimetic theory by demonstrating how literature can deeply reflect historical realities, contributing to the discourse in both literature and politics, and serving as a reminder of the dangers of authoritarianism.

This study analyzes George Orwell's novel Animal Farm as a reflection of social conflicts in the 1917 Russian Revolution using M.H. Abrams' mimetic approach. The novel functions as an allegory, with Mr. Jones representing Tsar Nicholas II, Snowball as Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon as Joseph Stalin. Through the mimetic approach, this research identifies how the rebellion, power struggles, and the corruption of revolutionary ideals are depicted in the novel, ultimately leading to dictatorship that mirrors the regime they initially rejected. Orwell highlights how the revolution's original vision of equality was ultimately betrayed by the new leaders. The findings of this study show that Animal Farm not only critiques Stalinism but also reflects broader social and political phenomena related to the concentration of power, abuse of authority, and the cyclical nature of power in history. This study supports mimetic theory by demonstrating how literature can deeply reflect historical realities, contributing to the discourse in both literature and politics, and serving as a reminder of the dangers of authoritarianism.

. Film as a mass communication medium not only functions as entertainment, but also as a means of representing power relations in society. Miracle in Cell No. 7 works by Hanung Bramantyo show various forms of official domination and legal inequality which are relevant to be studied through a hegemony perspective. This research aims to describe the forms of hegemony that appear in the film and interpret the social criticism conveyed through the narrative and visualization. The research uses qualitative methods with listening and note-taking techniques, then the data is analyzed through reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions based on Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The research results show that this film contains four forms of hegemony: ideological hegemony through the instillation of disciplinary values; hegemony of power through apparatus domination and abuse of authority; cultural hegemony through the imposition of a single standard of behavior; and moral hegemony through the formation of ethical judgments that benefit those in power. These findings indicate that films not only present emotional stories, but also present criticism of legal injustice and structural domination. This research confirms that visual media plays an important role in forming public awareness regarding the practice of power in social life.

. Film as a mass communication medium not only functions as entertainment, but also as a means of representing power relations in society. Miracle in Cell No. 7 works by Hanung Bramantyo show various forms of official domination and legal inequality which are relevant to be studied through a hegemony perspective. This research aims to describe the forms of hegemony that appear in the film and interpret the social criticism conveyed through the narrative and visualization. The research uses qualitative methods with listening and note-taking techniques, then the data is analyzed through reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions based on Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The research results show that this film contains four forms of hegemony: ideological hegemony through the instillation of disciplinary values; hegemony of power through apparatus domination and abuse of authority; cultural hegemony through the imposition of a single standard of behavior; and moral hegemony through the formation of ethical judgments that benefit those in power. These findings indicate that films not only present emotional stories, but also present criticism of legal injustice and structural domination. This research confirms that visual media plays an important role in forming public awareness regarding the practice of power in social life.

This article explores the song lyrics of “Somebody’s Pleasure” by Indonesian artist Aziz Hedra through the lens of Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The song reveals a narrative of emotional neglect, objectification, and the yearning for genuine affection. Van Dijk’s three-dimensional model—textual structure, cognitive processes, and social context—is applied to dissect how the language in the song reflects individual mental states and broader social ideologies regarding love, self-worth, and power relations in modern relationships.  

This article explores the song lyrics of “Somebody’s Pleasure” by Indonesian artist Aziz Hedra through the lens of Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The song reveals a narrative of emotional neglect, objectification, and the yearning for genuine affection. Van Dijk’s three-dimensional model—textual structure, cognitive processes, and social context—is applied to dissect how the language in the song reflects individual mental states and broader social ideologies regarding love, self-worth, and power relations in modern relationships.  

This study aims to analyze the use of italics and capital letters in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with text analysis techniques on quotations in the novel that contain italics and capital letters. The results of the study indicate that there are various forms of inconsistencies in the use of italics, especially in words in regional languages ​​(Javanese), foreign terms, and non-standard words that are not italicized as they should be. Meanwhile, errors in the use of capital letters were found in the form of inappropriate capitalization of common nouns, greetings, and after punctuation that does not start a new sentence. Of the total data analyzed, more than half of the quotations showed deviations from applicable spelling rules. These errors have an impact on the clarity of meaning, stylistic nuances, and readers' perceptions of the narrative structure. This study emphasizes the importance of spelling accuracy in literary works, not only as a technical aspect, but also as part of the rhetorical and aesthetic power of the text. These findings are expected to be a reference in editing literary works and teaching Indonesian based on spelling.

This study aims to analyze the use of italics and capital letters in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with text analysis techniques on quotations in the novel that contain italics and capital letters. The results of the study indicate that there are various forms of inconsistencies in the use of italics, especially in words in regional languages ​​(Javanese), foreign terms, and non-standard words that are not italicized as they should be. Meanwhile, errors in the use of capital letters were found in the form of inappropriate capitalization of common nouns, greetings, and after punctuation that does not start a new sentence. Of the total data analyzed, more than half of the quotations showed deviations from applicable spelling rules. These errors have an impact on the clarity of meaning, stylistic nuances, and readers' perceptions of the narrative structure. This study emphasizes the importance of spelling accuracy in literary works, not only as a technical aspect, but also as part of the rhetorical and aesthetic power of the text. These findings are expected to be a reference in editing literary works and teaching Indonesian based on spelling.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

Human nature, social life, requires humans to socialize with and interact with other humans for survival. There are the five important elements of socialization: social, cultural, social institutions, social stratification or the final grouping of society: power and authority. The study was done to identify social differences and factors that contributed to social differences. The study used qualitative descriptive methods with an objective approach to literature. Well-illustrated social differences in the background of both mice (country mouse) and (city mouse), they had conflicting backgrounds. The cause of these differences is that they live in different neighborhoods.    

Human nature, social life, requires humans to socialize with and interact with other humans for survival. There are the five important elements of socialization: social, cultural, social institutions, social stratification or the final grouping of society: power and authority. The study was done to identify social differences and factors that contributed to social differences. The study used qualitative descriptive methods with an objective approach to literature. Well-illustrated social differences in the background of both mice (country mouse) and (city mouse), they had conflicting backgrounds. The cause of these differences is that they live in different neighborhoods.    

This article explores the richness of language styles and speech used in the lyrics of the song "Raksa" by Soegi Bornean. Against the background of the richness of the existing lyrics and the possibilities that exist in linguistic exploration as found in the title of the song "Raksa" which comes from a foreign language, namely Sanskrit, as well as the use of the song lyrics "Budaya nian bersua", and the aim of this research is to reveal The contribution of songs to the development of diction in song lyrics is due to the large number of vocabulary words in Indonesian that are rarely used. As well as the emotional power of using qualitative descriptive analysis methods to study the language style and figures of speech of the Raksa Song, this research will focus on deciphering the stylistic nuances and revealing the mosaic of metaphorical and idiomatic expressions. The research results further highlight the complexity of the rhetorical figures of speech contained in the song "Raksa" such as in the lyrics which read "Where I look for the soul" of the song, providing insight into its poetic resonance. Therefore, the use of language styles and figures of speech has spread to a deeper scale regarding song lyrics, and has enriched the appreciation of Indonesian songwriting.

This article explores the richness of language styles and speech used in the lyrics of the song "Raksa" by Soegi Bornean. Against the background of the richness of the existing lyrics and the possibilities that exist in linguistic exploration as found in the title of the song "Raksa" which comes from a foreign language, namely Sanskrit, as well as the use of the song lyrics "Budaya nian bersua", and the aim of this research is to reveal The contribution of songs to the development of diction in song lyrics is due to the large number of vocabulary words in Indonesian that are rarely used. As well as the emotional power of using qualitative descriptive analysis methods to study the language style and figures of speech of the Raksa Song, this research will focus on deciphering the stylistic nuances and revealing the mosaic of metaphorical and idiomatic expressions. The research results further highlight the complexity of the rhetorical figures of speech contained in the song "Raksa" such as in the lyrics which read "Where I look for the soul" of the song, providing insight into its poetic resonance. Therefore, the use of language styles and figures of speech has spread to a deeper scale regarding song lyrics, and has enriched the appreciation of Indonesian songwriting.

Social conflict usually occurs because competition in the economic field, such as competition for resources or jobs, can cause conflict between competing groups. This research explains the forms, causes and impacts in the short story "Last Stage" by M Rasyid Hw. The objectives of this research are: (1) Describe the form of social conflict; (2) analyzing the causes of social conflict; and (3) explain the negative and positive impacts of social conflict. This research method uses qualitative descriptive methods and literature. The primary data source is the short story "Last Stage" and secondary data sources are articles and theoretical books. Data collection techniques use reading and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are (1) a picture of social conflict in the form of arrogance, arrogance and nepotism; (2) the causes of social conflict are differences in individual character and differences in interests; (3) the negative impact of social conflict can lead to being hated by someone, the division of society, and a struggle for power.    

Social conflict usually occurs because competition in the economic field, such as competition for resources or jobs, can cause conflict between competing groups. This research explains the forms, causes and impacts in the short story "Last Stage" by M Rasyid Hw. The objectives of this research are: (1) Describe the form of social conflict; (2) analyzing the causes of social conflict; and (3) explain the negative and positive impacts of social conflict. This research method uses qualitative descriptive methods and literature. The primary data source is the short story "Last Stage" and secondary data sources are articles and theoretical books. Data collection techniques use reading and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are (1) a picture of social conflict in the form of arrogance, arrogance and nepotism; (2) the causes of social conflict are differences in individual character and differences in interests; (3) the negative impact of social conflict can lead to being hated by someone, the division of society, and a struggle for power.