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This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

A professional leader of an educational institution is someone who is able to provide direction, set goals to be achieved, provide solutions to every problem, make various decisions, planning and strategies. He is a great person in implementing concepts. He actively communicates, coordinates, supervises and conducts evaluations. The most important thing is that he motivates teachers and education personnel to become professional teachers and education personnel. He builds morale and a spirit of togetherness in the madrasah educational institution, teaches, trains, and gives advice. All of these hopes will be realized if a leader has the integrity to lead the madrasah educational institution to become an excellent and quality institution. Leader, which means "to lead" or "leader," is the root of the word "leadership," which indicates the act of taking control. "Leadership as the ability to influence a group towards achieving goals" is what Stephen P. Robbins said when asked about leadership. One definition of leadership is the capacity to inspire others to work together to achieve common goals. The development of school culture in order to achieve commitment in achieving the expected standards needs to be continuously carried out in a culture of quality. Therefore, the principal's leadership plays a key role in realizing a culture of quality in educational units.  

A professional leader of an educational institution is someone who is able to provide direction, set goals to be achieved, provide solutions to every problem, make various decisions, planning and strategies. He is a great person in implementing concepts. He actively communicates, coordinates, supervises and conducts evaluations. The most important thing is that he motivates teachers and education personnel to become professional teachers and education personnel. He builds morale and a spirit of togetherness in the madrasah educational institution, teaches, trains, and gives advice. All of these hopes will be realized if a leader has the integrity to lead the madrasah educational institution to become an excellent and quality institution. Leader, which means "to lead" or "leader," is the root of the word "leadership," which indicates the act of taking control. "Leadership as the ability to influence a group towards achieving goals" is what Stephen P. Robbins said when asked about leadership. One definition of leadership is the capacity to inspire others to work together to achieve common goals. The development of school culture in order to achieve commitment in achieving the expected standards needs to be continuously carried out in a culture of quality. Therefore, the principal's leadership plays a key role in realizing a culture of quality in educational units.  

This research is motivated because the teaching materials used are still conventional and students' understanding of problem solving is still in the low category. Therefore, this study aims to develop research and improve the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the Science learning module for Class V MI Muhajirin, Jambi City. Reach and Development (R&D) consists of four stages, namely, define, design, develop and disseminate. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Muhajirin, Jambi City. The instruments used were assessment questionnaires, teacher and student interview sheets along with test questions. The subjects in this study were grade V students consisting of 20 students. The results of this study indicate that the level of validity of the application of the learning module shows a percentage of 80% included in the very effective category, the level of practicality shows 92.8% with a very practical category and the level of effectiveness shows a percentage of 64.2% with a very valid category.

This research is motivated because the teaching materials used are still conventional and students' understanding of problem solving is still in the low category. Therefore, this study aims to develop research and improve the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the Science learning module for Class V MI Muhajirin, Jambi City. Reach and Development (R&D) consists of four stages, namely, define, design, develop and disseminate. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Muhajirin, Jambi City. The instruments used were assessment questionnaires, teacher and student interview sheets along with test questions. The subjects in this study were grade V students consisting of 20 students. The results of this study indicate that the level of validity of the application of the learning module shows a percentage of 80% included in the very effective category, the level of practicality shows 92.8% with a very practical category and the level of effectiveness shows a percentage of 64.2% with a very valid category.

The purpose of this study is to see how local folktales and science concepts can be used as learning resources in Natural and Social Science lessons in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). In this study, qualitative methods and content analysis techniques were applied to relevant local folktales. The main data sources were folktales from various regions in Indonesia, which were selected based on their relevance to science concepts in the IPAS curriculum. Data collection was conducted through document analysis of folktales, interviews with IPAS teachers, and observations on how folktales are applied in classroom learning. Using a descriptive approach, the data collected was analyzed to find and categorize the science concepts contained in the folktales. In addition, it was assessed the possibility of folklore can be used as learning media. The results showed that local folktales have great potential as a source of IPAS education covering physics and chemistry concepts, as well as natural phenomena and animal and plant life. Students can gain a better understanding of science concepts through folktales, which are more contextualized and easy to understand. Thus, folktales can be incorporated into IPAS learning to improve students' understanding, enrich their learning experience, and raise awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. In addition, this study suggests the creation of folklore-based learning modules and teacher training programs to maximize this potential.

The purpose of this study is to see how local folktales and science concepts can be used as learning resources in Natural and Social Science lessons in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). In this study, qualitative methods and content analysis techniques were applied to relevant local folktales. The main data sources were folktales from various regions in Indonesia, which were selected based on their relevance to science concepts in the IPAS curriculum. Data collection was conducted through document analysis of folktales, interviews with IPAS teachers, and observations on how folktales are applied in classroom learning. Using a descriptive approach, the data collected was analyzed to find and categorize the science concepts contained in the folktales. In addition, it was assessed the possibility of folklore can be used as learning media. The results showed that local folktales have great potential as a source of IPAS education covering physics and chemistry concepts, as well as natural phenomena and animal and plant life. Students can gain a better understanding of science concepts through folktales, which are more contextualized and easy to understand. Thus, folktales can be incorporated into IPAS learning to improve students' understanding, enrich their learning experience, and raise awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. In addition, this study suggests the creation of folklore-based learning modules and teacher training programs to maximize this potential.

This literature study examines the influence of pedagogical competence on the learning outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) in Indonesia. The teacher's effort in carrying out a task well, a teacher or lecturer must have high pedagogical competence in order to achieve educational goals. Teaching and learning process activities can be designed well if there are already educational goals, learning content, learning methods, learning media, and other educational elements, as well as a good relationship between students and teachers. This research applies literature by deciphering from various aligned academic sources. Research results show that teachers or educators really need pedagogical competence to develop student learning experience and streamline the learning process at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

This literature study examines the influence of pedagogical competence on the learning outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) in Indonesia. The teacher's effort in carrying out a task well, a teacher or lecturer must have high pedagogical competence in order to achieve educational goals. Teaching and learning process activities can be designed well if there are already educational goals, learning content, learning methods, learning media, and other educational elements, as well as a good relationship between students and teachers. This research applies literature by deciphering from various aligned academic sources. Research results show that teachers or educators really need pedagogical competence to develop student learning experience and streamline the learning process at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

The research that has been conducted is entitled “The Effect of Falou Application in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill”, with the background being that the school want to implement English as the language in the school environment, but students’ speaking skill are still low. This research used quantitative methods with pre-test, treatment, and post-test design approaches in the experimental class and control class. The population in this study were students of class X Madrasah Aliyah Al – Washliyah Tebing Tinggi. This study used sample of two classes, namely experimental class as many as 30 students from X IPA-1 and control class as many as 30 students from X IPS-2. This study used a lottery method with random sampling style to select the sample. The validity processing tool used IBM Statistics Version 29. The result of this study revealed that there was a significant of using Falou Application in improving students’ speaking skill. This can be seen from the increase in the result of test, namely a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.01 < 0.05 or t count (19.778) higher than t table (0.361). Based on the findings above, it can be concluded that the use of “Falou Application” has a significant effect on students’ speaking skill of Students in Madrasah Aliyah Al – Washliyah Tebing Tinggi.  

The research that has been conducted is entitled “The Effect of Falou Application in Improving Students’ Speaking Skill”, with the background being that the school want to implement English as the language in the school environment, but students’ speaking skill are still low. This research used quantitative methods with pre-test, treatment, and post-test design approaches in the experimental class and control class. The population in this study were students of class X Madrasah Aliyah Al – Washliyah Tebing Tinggi. This study used sample of two classes, namely experimental class as many as 30 students from X IPA-1 and control class as many as 30 students from X IPS-2. This study used a lottery method with random sampling style to select the sample. The validity processing tool used IBM Statistics Version 29. The result of this study revealed that there was a significant of using Falou Application in improving students’ speaking skill. This can be seen from the increase in the result of test, namely a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.01 < 0.05 or t count (19.778) higher than t table (0.361). Based on the findings above, it can be concluded that the use of “Falou Application” has a significant effect on students’ speaking skill of Students in Madrasah Aliyah Al – Washliyah Tebing Tinggi.  

The hermeneutic approach plays an important role in the analysis of literary texts by providing in-depth insight into the interpretation of meaning, cultural context and social dynamics contained in literary works. This research aims to identify and analyze the meaning contained in modern Indonesian literary texts through a hermeneutic approach, as well as exploring the application of the results of this analysis in Madrasah Aliyah Al Amiriyyah Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach. Data was collected through analysis of modern Indonesian literary texts selected purposively. The analysis process involves stages of text interpretation, identification of main themes, and interpretation of meaning in cultural and social contexts. Research findings show that modern Indonesian literary texts contain various complex themes that reflect Indonesian social, cultural and political realities. In conclusion, hermeneutic studies of modern Indonesian literary texts help students understand the meaning of texts more deeply, as well as improve their critical and reflective skills in analyzing literary works.

The hermeneutic approach plays an important role in the analysis of literary texts by providing in-depth insight into the interpretation of meaning, cultural context and social dynamics contained in literary works. This research aims to identify and analyze the meaning contained in modern Indonesian literary texts through a hermeneutic approach, as well as exploring the application of the results of this analysis in Madrasah Aliyah Al Amiriyyah Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach. Data was collected through analysis of modern Indonesian literary texts selected purposively. The analysis process involves stages of text interpretation, identification of main themes, and interpretation of meaning in cultural and social contexts. Research findings show that modern Indonesian literary texts contain various complex themes that reflect Indonesian social, cultural and political realities. In conclusion, hermeneutic studies of modern Indonesian literary texts help students understand the meaning of texts more deeply, as well as improve their critical and reflective skills in analyzing literary works.

This study delves into implementing multicultural education within Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Indonesia, employing a library research approach and descriptive analysis methods. The study investigates the influence of multicultural education on curriculum development, challenges, opportunities, and its impact on fostering tolerance and understanding among students. Through an extensive academic literature review, the study unveils multifaceted opportunities, including enhanced cultural understanding, promotion of tolerance, enriched educational experiences, and preparation for global citizenship. However, it also uncovers challenges such as resistance to change, resource constraints, and the need for continuous adaptation. The findings underscore the importance of embracing diversity and fostering inclusive learning environments within religious-based schooling. Overall, this study highlights the potential benefits of multicultural education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, emphasizing its role in nurturing culturally competent and globally-aware individuals.

This study delves into implementing multicultural education within Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Indonesia, employing a library research approach and descriptive analysis methods. The study investigates the influence of multicultural education on curriculum development, challenges, opportunities, and its impact on fostering tolerance and understanding among students. Through an extensive academic literature review, the study unveils multifaceted opportunities, including enhanced cultural understanding, promotion of tolerance, enriched educational experiences, and preparation for global citizenship. However, it also uncovers challenges such as resistance to change, resource constraints, and the need for continuous adaptation. The findings underscore the importance of embracing diversity and fostering inclusive learning environments within religious-based schooling. Overall, this study highlights the potential benefits of multicultural education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, emphasizing its role in nurturing culturally competent and globally-aware individuals.

The problem in this research is that there are still students who still make mistakes in writing their thesis and also in using punctuation marks and the solution that the researcher provides is to upload the file to Google Drive and carry out analysis using Google Doc. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out language spelling errors in preparing thesis proposals for PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan students. (2) To find out writing errors in STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. (3) To describe spelling errors in using capital letters, errors in using italics, and errors in using bold letters in PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. In this research the author used a type of field research, the design used was qualitative research, namely research that produces data in the form of written or spoken words from the people being observed. The researcher checked the validity of the data by means of source triangulation and technical triangulation. Source triangulation is triangulation carried out by interviewing various sources, such as the head of the library and lecturers, students from the class of 2017. However, the results obtained must remain the same. Meanwhile, technical triangulation is triangulation carried out by researchers by collecting different data from the same source. By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained will be better and more certain. Analysis of capital letter errors in writing and italics in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Raya Islamic College (STAIBR) Sibuhuan. caused by errors in the use of capital letters as elements of the first letter of a word at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of the name of a nation, ethnic group, and language. Analysis of errors in writing prepositions in, to and from students' theses at the Islamic High School Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI). Islam Barumun Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan is due to ignorance that the writing must be written separately from the words of its followers or a combination of words that are commonly considered as one word. Analysis of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Islamic College Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan errors which include errors in the use of the period punctuation mark (.), errors in the use of the comma punctuation mark (,), errors in the use of the colon (:), and errors in the use of the question mark (?) errors. Punctuation errors are caused by differences in perception in the use of punctuation marks in accordance with EYD guidelines.    

The problem in this research is that there are still students who still make mistakes in writing their thesis and also in using punctuation marks and the solution that the researcher provides is to upload the file to Google Drive and carry out analysis using Google Doc. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out language spelling errors in preparing thesis proposals for PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan students. (2) To find out writing errors in STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. (3) To describe spelling errors in using capital letters, errors in using italics, and errors in using bold letters in PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. In this research the author used a type of field research, the design used was qualitative research, namely research that produces data in the form of written or spoken words from the people being observed. The researcher checked the validity of the data by means of source triangulation and technical triangulation. Source triangulation is triangulation carried out by interviewing various sources, such as the head of the library and lecturers, students from the class of 2017. However, the results obtained must remain the same. Meanwhile, technical triangulation is triangulation carried out by researchers by collecting different data from the same source. By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained will be better and more certain. Analysis of capital letter errors in writing and italics in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Raya Islamic College (STAIBR) Sibuhuan. caused by errors in the use of capital letters as elements of the first letter of a word at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of the name of a nation, ethnic group, and language. Analysis of errors in writing prepositions in, to and from students' theses at the Islamic High School Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI). Islam Barumun Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan is due to ignorance that the writing must be written separately from the words of its followers or a combination of words that are commonly considered as one word. Analysis of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Islamic College Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan errors which include errors in the use of the period punctuation mark (.), errors in the use of the comma punctuation mark (,), errors in the use of the colon (:), and errors in the use of the question mark (?) errors. Punctuation errors are caused by differences in perception in the use of punctuation marks in accordance with EYD guidelines.