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This study analyzes the sociolinguistic phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing in the academic context of students in Pekalongan, Central Java. As a region with diverse backgrounds dominated by the Pekalongan dialect (Ngapak Javanese), interactions between students create space for complex language dynamics. This study aims to identify variations, roles, and factors that cause code-switching and code-mixing in student interactions. The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through inactive participant observation, recording, and in-depth interviews at various universities in Pekalongan. Data analysis is carried out through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and verification using triangulation techniques. The results show that the application of language codes is divided into two categories: an internal category that includes Indonesian and regional languages (Javanese), and an external category that includes foreign languages (English or Arabic). Code-mixing can be found at the word, phrase, and clause levels. The main factors that drive this phenomenon include participants, conversation themes, situational circumstances, and the purpose of communication in building solidarity among group members (ingroup).  The Pekalongan dialect plays a crucial role as a means of communication to build closeness and demonstrate local identity, amidst the need to use formal language on campus. This research concludes that code-switching and code-mixing are not merely linguistic phenomena, but also ways in which students adapt socially to balance their cultural identity with academic demands.  

This study analyzes the sociolinguistic phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing in the academic context of students in Pekalongan, Central Java. As a region with diverse backgrounds dominated by the Pekalongan dialect (Ngapak Javanese), interactions between students create space for complex language dynamics. This study aims to identify variations, roles, and factors that cause code-switching and code-mixing in student interactions. The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through inactive participant observation, recording, and in-depth interviews at various universities in Pekalongan. Data analysis is carried out through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and verification using triangulation techniques. The results show that the application of language codes is divided into two categories: an internal category that includes Indonesian and regional languages (Javanese), and an external category that includes foreign languages (English or Arabic). Code-mixing can be found at the word, phrase, and clause levels. The main factors that drive this phenomenon include participants, conversation themes, situational circumstances, and the purpose of communication in building solidarity among group members (ingroup).  The Pekalongan dialect plays a crucial role as a means of communication to build closeness and demonstrate local identity, amidst the need to use formal language on campus. This research concludes that code-switching and code-mixing are not merely linguistic phenomena, but also ways in which students adapt socially to balance their cultural identity with academic demands.  

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing in YouTube content by Noona Rosa as a linguistic practice in a multilingual digital context. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from several of Noona Rosa's uploaded videos and analyzed in terms of form, function, and influencing factors in the use of Indonesian and Korean code variation. The findings reveal that code-switching is employed to express emotions, reinforce cultural identity, and build rapport with bilingual audiences. Meanwhile, code-mixing commonly appears in the insertion of Korean cultural terms into Indonesian sentence structures, serving as a communicative strategy of identity and cultural meaning preservation. The influencing factors include social context, speaker identity, discussion topics, and emotional expression. These findings contribute significantly to sociolinguistic studies and highlight how digital media serves as a platform for multicultural identity expression.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing in YouTube content by Noona Rosa as a linguistic practice in a multilingual digital context. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from several of Noona Rosa's uploaded videos and analyzed in terms of form, function, and influencing factors in the use of Indonesian and Korean code variation. The findings reveal that code-switching is employed to express emotions, reinforce cultural identity, and build rapport with bilingual audiences. Meanwhile, code-mixing commonly appears in the insertion of Korean cultural terms into Indonesian sentence structures, serving as a communicative strategy of identity and cultural meaning preservation. The influencing factors include social context, speaker identity, discussion topics, and emotional expression. These findings contribute significantly to sociolinguistic studies and highlight how digital media serves as a platform for multicultural identity expression.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

Reading ability is an important basic skill for elementary school student. However, not all students can master it well due to various factors, such as delayed language development, lack of stimulus, and specific learning disorders such as dyslexia.This research aims to determine Ultilization impact technology in supporting reading literacy for students with reading difficulties. The method employed is a literature review by analyzing many  previous studies Associated with the utlization of technology in improving reading skills.the findings of the study show that digital-based digital innovation , such as interactive learning applications, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Augmented Reality (AR), and QR-Code technology,can improve students’ reading skills. The main obstacles in implementing technologies that are less relevant to learning. Recommendations provided include increasing technology, and integrating digital methods with conventional learning approaches. This research is expected to be a reference for educators and stakeholders in the developing  process more effective strategies to improve elementary school students’ reading skills by optimally utilizing technology.

Reading ability is an important basic skill for elementary school student. However, not all students can master it well due to various factors, such as delayed language development, lack of stimulus, and specific learning disorders such as dyslexia.This research aims to determine Ultilization impact technology in supporting reading literacy for students with reading difficulties. The method employed is a literature review by analyzing many  previous studies Associated with the utlization of technology in improving reading skills.the findings of the study show that digital-based digital innovation , such as interactive learning applications, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Augmented Reality (AR), and QR-Code technology,can improve students’ reading skills. The main obstacles in implementing technologies that are less relevant to learning. Recommendations provided include increasing technology, and integrating digital methods with conventional learning approaches. This research is expected to be a reference for educators and stakeholders in the developing  process more effective strategies to improve elementary school students’ reading skills by optimally utilizing technology.

The digital era has brought significant changes to the use of Indonesian in various aspects of life, including daily communication, the academic world, as well as the creative industry and tourism. Phenomena such as code-mixing, the use of slang, and the dominance of foreign terms in the formal sphere show that Indonesian continues to develop following the dynamics of globalization. This research aims to analyze how the linguistic development of Indonesian in the digital era affects the structure, meaning, and function of communication in society. The research methods used are literature review and phenomenological analysis of language use in social media, the world of work, and the tourism sector. The results show that although the digital era enriches vocabulary and communication expressions, there are challenges in preserving Indonesian as a national identity. The increasingly dominant influence of foreign languages has the potential to shift the use of Indonesian in formal and academic domains. Therefore, an adaptive language policy strategy is needed, including digital literacy education and increasing public linguistic awareness, to maintain a balance between the development and preservation of Indonesian.

The digital era has brought significant changes to the use of Indonesian in various aspects of life, including daily communication, the academic world, as well as the creative industry and tourism. Phenomena such as code-mixing, the use of slang, and the dominance of foreign terms in the formal sphere show that Indonesian continues to develop following the dynamics of globalization. This research aims to analyze how the linguistic development of Indonesian in the digital era affects the structure, meaning, and function of communication in society. The research methods used are literature review and phenomenological analysis of language use in social media, the world of work, and the tourism sector. The results show that although the digital era enriches vocabulary and communication expressions, there are challenges in preserving Indonesian as a national identity. The increasingly dominant influence of foreign languages has the potential to shift the use of Indonesian in formal and academic domains. Therefore, an adaptive language policy strategy is needed, including digital literacy education and increasing public linguistic awareness, to maintain a balance between the development and preservation of Indonesian.

The background of this research is students’ mistakes in writing review texts based on linguistic level studies. This research analyzes the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax in the review text of the film entitled Alive. This research aims to obtain results of language analysis errors in grade 8 students at Shuffah Al-Jamaah Tasikmalaya Middle School. The research method uses analytical descriptive research. The sample selection method in this study used a simple random sampling method. The data collection method used is (1) accumulating the results of students’ review texts at school as a data source, (2) reading carefully all data sources, (3) marking and assigning classification codes to the data, (4) classifying data based on the form of error. Language use, (5) presenting and describing data based on forms of language use errors. The instrument used is data analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, the most dominant errors that emerged were errors in the field of phonology, namely the omission of phonemes. Apart from that, it is also often found in the field of morphology regarding reduplication, namely the use of the word repeat with a square sign. The deletion of phonemes and incorrect reduplication of writing occurs, which is done by students to shorten the writing of a word so that the writing process can be completed more quickly without paying attention to good and correct linguistic rules. Students need to concentrate and be more careful in the process of writing activities. Apart from that, teachers also need to provide direction in the form of knowledge and insight regarding the basics of good and correct linguistics to minimize the occurrence of language mistakes and mistakes.

The background of this research is students’ mistakes in writing review texts based on linguistic level studies. This research analyzes the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax in the review text of the film entitled Alive. This research aims to obtain results of language analysis errors in grade 8 students at Shuffah Al-Jamaah Tasikmalaya Middle School. The research method uses analytical descriptive research. The sample selection method in this study used a simple random sampling method. The data collection method used is (1) accumulating the results of students’ review texts at school as a data source, (2) reading carefully all data sources, (3) marking and assigning classification codes to the data, (4) classifying data based on the form of error. Language use, (5) presenting and describing data based on forms of language use errors. The instrument used is data analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, the most dominant errors that emerged were errors in the field of phonology, namely the omission of phonemes. Apart from that, it is also often found in the field of morphology regarding reduplication, namely the use of the word repeat with a square sign. The deletion of phonemes and incorrect reduplication of writing occurs, which is done by students to shorten the writing of a word so that the writing process can be completed more quickly without paying attention to good and correct linguistic rules. Students need to concentrate and be more careful in the process of writing activities. Apart from that, teachers also need to provide direction in the form of knowledge and insight regarding the basics of good and correct linguistics to minimize the occurrence of language mistakes and mistakes.

This research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing used by speakers in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were students and students in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). The object of this research is speech about the use of code switching and code mixing used in everyday communication.  The data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation, interviews and recording techniques. The results of this research show that the code switching and code mixing that occurred was Javanese, Batak, English and Indonesian. The types of code switching found were Indonesian to Batak, from Indonesian to Javanese, and from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The types of code mixing found are code mixing in and code mixing out using Indonesian, English and Javanese with word forms and expressions.

This research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing used by speakers in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were students and students in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). The object of this research is speech about the use of code switching and code mixing used in everyday communication.  The data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation, interviews and recording techniques. The results of this research show that the code switching and code mixing that occurred was Javanese, Batak, English and Indonesian. The types of code switching found were Indonesian to Batak, from Indonesian to Javanese, and from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The types of code mixing found are code mixing in and code mixing out using Indonesian, English and Javanese with word forms and expressions.