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Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

This study analyzes George Orwell's novel Animal Farm as a reflection of social conflicts in the 1917 Russian Revolution using M.H. Abrams' mimetic approach. The novel functions as an allegory, with Mr. Jones representing Tsar Nicholas II, Snowball as Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon as Joseph Stalin. Through the mimetic approach, this research identifies how the rebellion, power struggles, and the corruption of revolutionary ideals are depicted in the novel, ultimately leading to dictatorship that mirrors the regime they initially rejected. Orwell highlights how the revolution's original vision of equality was ultimately betrayed by the new leaders. The findings of this study show that Animal Farm not only critiques Stalinism but also reflects broader social and political phenomena related to the concentration of power, abuse of authority, and the cyclical nature of power in history. This study supports mimetic theory by demonstrating how literature can deeply reflect historical realities, contributing to the discourse in both literature and politics, and serving as a reminder of the dangers of authoritarianism.

This study analyzes George Orwell's novel Animal Farm as a reflection of social conflicts in the 1917 Russian Revolution using M.H. Abrams' mimetic approach. The novel functions as an allegory, with Mr. Jones representing Tsar Nicholas II, Snowball as Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon as Joseph Stalin. Through the mimetic approach, this research identifies how the rebellion, power struggles, and the corruption of revolutionary ideals are depicted in the novel, ultimately leading to dictatorship that mirrors the regime they initially rejected. Orwell highlights how the revolution's original vision of equality was ultimately betrayed by the new leaders. The findings of this study show that Animal Farm not only critiques Stalinism but also reflects broader social and political phenomena related to the concentration of power, abuse of authority, and the cyclical nature of power in history. This study supports mimetic theory by demonstrating how literature can deeply reflect historical realities, contributing to the discourse in both literature and politics, and serving as a reminder of the dangers of authoritarianism.

This research is motivated by changes in students' academic communication patterns due to the rapid development of digital technology, which has the potential to affect the consistency of formal language use. In academic literacy, formal language plays a crucial role as a marker of professionalism and the accuracy of scientific communication. This study aims to analyze the shift in formal language use in students' academic communication and identify the factors influencing it in the digital era. The research method used a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through an online questionnaire in the form of open-ended questions to students at the University of Muhammadiyah Maumere who actively use digital media in academic communication. Data were analyzed by grouping respondents' answers and identifying language usage patterns. The results show that students understand the differences between formal and informal language, but their application in digital academic communication is not yet consistent. The shift is characterized by the use of abbreviations, slang, and inconsistencies in linguistic rules influenced by instant communication habits, social environments, and the nature of digital media. These findings emphasize the importance of continuously strengthening formal language literacy and academic communication ethics in higher education

This research is motivated by changes in students' academic communication patterns due to the rapid development of digital technology, which has the potential to affect the consistency of formal language use. In academic literacy, formal language plays a crucial role as a marker of professionalism and the accuracy of scientific communication. This study aims to analyze the shift in formal language use in students' academic communication and identify the factors influencing it in the digital era. The research method used a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through an online questionnaire in the form of open-ended questions to students at the University of Muhammadiyah Maumere who actively use digital media in academic communication. Data were analyzed by grouping respondents' answers and identifying language usage patterns. The results show that students understand the differences between formal and informal language, but their application in digital academic communication is not yet consistent. The shift is characterized by the use of abbreviations, slang, and inconsistencies in linguistic rules influenced by instant communication habits, social environments, and the nature of digital media. These findings emphasize the importance of continuously strengthening formal language literacy and academic communication ethics in higher education

This study aims to find the values ​​contained in the novel shown through the characterization of the characters. These characterizations are related to the values ​​that occur in the lives of the characters in the novel Simfoni Persahabatan by Fakhri Violinist. This study uses a qualitative method with a structural approach that focuses on characterization and its relationship to educational values. Data were collected through document study techniques by carefully reading the novel and noting parts related to characterization, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to draw conclusions about the values ​​and messages contained in the novel. The results of the study show that the author successfully presents the characterization of two main characters, namely Nancy who has an arrogant nature and often insults others, and Bintang who is humble and always prays to God. Through the characterization of these two characters, the author conveys various educational values ​​including the value of simplicity, the spirit of pursuing ideals, moral education such as diligent study and humility, character education regarding respect for parents and teachers, the value of hard work, responsibility, patience in facing trials, the importance of admitting mistakes and forgiveness, and friendship. This research contributes to the world of education in utilizing children's literature as a medium for character formation, and provides references in selecting reading materials that suit the needs of children's character development.

This study aims to find the values ​​contained in the novel shown through the characterization of the characters. These characterizations are related to the values ​​that occur in the lives of the characters in the novel Simfoni Persahabatan by Fakhri Violinist. This study uses a qualitative method with a structural approach that focuses on characterization and its relationship to educational values. Data were collected through document study techniques by carefully reading the novel and noting parts related to characterization, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to draw conclusions about the values ​​and messages contained in the novel. The results of the study show that the author successfully presents the characterization of two main characters, namely Nancy who has an arrogant nature and often insults others, and Bintang who is humble and always prays to God. Through the characterization of these two characters, the author conveys various educational values ​​including the value of simplicity, the spirit of pursuing ideals, moral education such as diligent study and humility, character education regarding respect for parents and teachers, the value of hard work, responsibility, patience in facing trials, the importance of admitting mistakes and forgiveness, and friendship. This research contributes to the world of education in utilizing children's literature as a medium for character formation, and provides references in selecting reading materials that suit the needs of children's character development.

This article discusses the phenomenon of healing beliefs in Javanese and Japanese culture which is presented through the narrative of the novel Pingkan Melipat Distance by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The novel explores the complexities of cross-cultural relationships, highlighting the traditional beliefs that influence the way the main character, Pingkan, deals with emotional and identity crises. In Javanese culture, healing beliefs are rooted in harmony between spirituality, nature and the body, while in Japanese culture, balance between the body, mind and environment is the main foundation. This article finds that through Pingkan's journey, this novel represents a cross-cultural dialogue that not only connects local and global values ​​but also opens up space for reflection on identity and healing in the modern era. With a literary approach and cultural perspective, this article presents an in-depth understanding of how healing traditions contribute to the sustainability of cultural values as well as being a tool to face the challenges of globalization.

This article discusses the phenomenon of healing beliefs in Javanese and Japanese culture which is presented through the narrative of the novel Pingkan Melipat Distance by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The novel explores the complexities of cross-cultural relationships, highlighting the traditional beliefs that influence the way the main character, Pingkan, deals with emotional and identity crises. In Javanese culture, healing beliefs are rooted in harmony between spirituality, nature and the body, while in Japanese culture, balance between the body, mind and environment is the main foundation. This article finds that through Pingkan's journey, this novel represents a cross-cultural dialogue that not only connects local and global values ​​but also opens up space for reflection on identity and healing in the modern era. With a literary approach and cultural perspective, this article presents an in-depth understanding of how healing traditions contribute to the sustainability of cultural values as well as being a tool to face the challenges of globalization.

Association is the process of changing meaning as a result of similar characteristics. The meaning contained in a word will sometimes experience a change in meaning/shift in meaning when the word is combined with other words. This research aims to find out the words that have association meaning in Yudhiswara's poetry collection Rain Escapes in Sela Jari. The research method in this study is descriptive qualitative. The theory used in this research is the theory of semantic studies on changes in meaning. The data in this research is in the form of words, phrases/idioms that have associations and the data source in this research is a collection of poems Hujan Lolos di Sela Jari by Yudhiswara.  The data collection technique in this research uses reading and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research is classifying the data including metaphorical meaning changes, analyzing the data and making conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the poem Rain Escapes in Sela Jari is in the form of compound words that contain associations of meaning, the association of meaning tells about love and tells about nature. This shows that in the poem that has been analyzed, the poet uses many words, phrases/idioms to express the feelings experienced by the reader. The reader is also carried away when reading a poem that tells about love that is hindered by time, circumstances, and places.

Association is the process of changing meaning as a result of similar characteristics. The meaning contained in a word will sometimes experience a change in meaning/shift in meaning when the word is combined with other words. This research aims to find out the words that have association meaning in Yudhiswara's poetry collection Rain Escapes in Sela Jari. The research method in this study is descriptive qualitative. The theory used in this research is the theory of semantic studies on changes in meaning. The data in this research is in the form of words, phrases/idioms that have associations and the data source in this research is a collection of poems Hujan Lolos di Sela Jari by Yudhiswara.  The data collection technique in this research uses reading and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research is classifying the data including metaphorical meaning changes, analyzing the data and making conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the poem Rain Escapes in Sela Jari is in the form of compound words that contain associations of meaning, the association of meaning tells about love and tells about nature. This shows that in the poem that has been analyzed, the poet uses many words, phrases/idioms to express the feelings experienced by the reader. The reader is also carried away when reading a poem that tells about love that is hindered by time, circumstances, and places.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners typically spend around eight years studying English before entering university. During the last four years of high school, students get frequent and rigorous instruction in English tenses. In addition, when they Upon entering the institution, students enroll in the English department where they engage in a rigorous four-year study of the English language. The curriculum is built with a focus on teaching tense. Grammar is taught for a total of three hours each week over a span of thirty weeks per year during these four years. However, Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significant difficulties in many grammatical aspects, particularly in the understanding and use of tenses. This article is a data analysis research that seeks to detect grammatical mistakes, including their nature, kinds, and origins. It is presumed in this context that you are now experiencing a difficulty, and I would want to know what specific issue you encountered in the past. The Past tense is used to describe previous activities that occurred either at a precise point in time, which may be indicated by a time phrase or inferred from the surrounding context. The past continuous tense is used to depict acts or occurrences that occurred at a period prior to the present moment.  

Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners typically spend around eight years studying English before entering university. During the last four years of high school, students get frequent and rigorous instruction in English tenses. In addition, when they Upon entering the institution, students enroll in the English department where they engage in a rigorous four-year study of the English language. The curriculum is built with a focus on teaching tense. Grammar is taught for a total of three hours each week over a span of thirty weeks per year during these four years. However, Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significant difficulties in many grammatical aspects, particularly in the understanding and use of tenses. This article is a data analysis research that seeks to detect grammatical mistakes, including their nature, kinds, and origins. It is presumed in this context that you are now experiencing a difficulty, and I would want to know what specific issue you encountered in the past. The Past tense is used to describe previous activities that occurred either at a precise point in time, which may be indicated by a time phrase or inferred from the surrounding context. The past continuous tense is used to depict acts or occurrences that occurred at a period prior to the present moment.  

Human nature, social life, requires humans to socialize with and interact with other humans for survival. There are the five important elements of socialization: social, cultural, social institutions, social stratification or the final grouping of society: power and authority. The study was done to identify social differences and factors that contributed to social differences. The study used qualitative descriptive methods with an objective approach to literature. Well-illustrated social differences in the background of both mice (country mouse) and (city mouse), they had conflicting backgrounds. The cause of these differences is that they live in different neighborhoods.    

Human nature, social life, requires humans to socialize with and interact with other humans for survival. There are the five important elements of socialization: social, cultural, social institutions, social stratification or the final grouping of society: power and authority. The study was done to identify social differences and factors that contributed to social differences. The study used qualitative descriptive methods with an objective approach to literature. Well-illustrated social differences in the background of both mice (country mouse) and (city mouse), they had conflicting backgrounds. The cause of these differences is that they live in different neighborhoods.    

IDN Times is an Indonesian digital media platform aimed at the younger generation. IDN Times is a journalistic company with two main offices in Jakarta and Surabaya. As a media outlet disseminating news to its readers, IDN Times is not free from language errors in creating and distributing news. The aim of this research is to explain the types of morphological language errors in news writing on IDN Times concerning corruption and the viral fake calculator in the film "In-laws Are Deadly." The researcher focuses the investigation on news published in June. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature. The method used in this research are reading and writing. The results of the study show the presence of language errors in the field of morphology, which include: 1) Errors in affixation omission, and 2) Errors in word writing. This analysis is expected to serve as an evaluation to be more careful in writing news, particularly in the aspect of morphology.

IDN Times is an Indonesian digital media platform aimed at the younger generation. IDN Times is a journalistic company with two main offices in Jakarta and Surabaya. As a media outlet disseminating news to its readers, IDN Times is not free from language errors in creating and distributing news. The aim of this research is to explain the types of morphological language errors in news writing on IDN Times concerning corruption and the viral fake calculator in the film "In-laws Are Deadly." The researcher focuses the investigation on news published in June. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature. The method used in this research are reading and writing. The results of the study show the presence of language errors in the field of morphology, which include: 1) Errors in affixation omission, and 2) Errors in word writing. This analysis is expected to serve as an evaluation to be more careful in writing news, particularly in the aspect of morphology.