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This research is based on the results of field observations, namely the low learning outcomes of students due to the lack of learning activities involving students because the learning process is still centered on the teacher, so that students are still less active in the learning process. The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement in student learning outcomes in learning about the circumference of flat shapes using the Problem Based Learning model in class V of SDN 15 Anduring, Padang City. This type of research is classroom action research (CAR) using qualitative and quantitative approaches. This research was conducted in two cycles, with research procedures consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research data obtained are related to the results Problem Based Learning model learning. Data collection techniques in the form of observation analysis, tests and non-tests. The subjects of this study were class teachers as observers, researchers as practitioners or teachers, and 24 students of class V SDN 15 Anduring, Padang City. The results of the study showed that: First, the cycle I teaching module obtained an average of 60% (C), increasing in cycle II to 90% (SB). Second, the results of the implementation of learning aspects of teachers in cycle I obtained an average of 75% (C), increasing in cycle II to 90% (SB). Third, the results of the implementation of learning aspects of students in cycle I obtained an average of 70% (C), increasing in cycle II to 90% (SB). Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model can improve student learning outcomes in learning the Perimeter of Flat Shapes in class V SDN 15 Anduring, Padang City.

This research is based on the results of field observations, namely the low learning outcomes of students due to the lack of learning activities involving students because the learning process is still centered on the teacher, so that students are still less active in the learning process. The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement in student learning outcomes in learning about the circumference of flat shapes using the Problem Based Learning model in class V of SDN 15 Anduring, Padang City. This type of research is classroom action research (CAR) using qualitative and quantitative approaches. This research was conducted in two cycles, with research procedures consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research data obtained are related to the results Problem Based Learning model learning. Data collection techniques in the form of observation analysis, tests and non-tests. The subjects of this study were class teachers as observers, researchers as practitioners or teachers, and 24 students of class V SDN 15 Anduring, Padang City. The results of the study showed that: First, the cycle I teaching module obtained an average of 60% (C), increasing in cycle II to 90% (SB). Second, the results of the implementation of learning aspects of teachers in cycle I obtained an average of 75% (C), increasing in cycle II to 90% (SB). Third, the results of the implementation of learning aspects of students in cycle I obtained an average of 70% (C), increasing in cycle II to 90% (SB). Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model can improve student learning outcomes in learning the Perimeter of Flat Shapes in class V SDN 15 Anduring, Padang City.

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.