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This study aims to describe the representation of love in the character of Indar in the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet by Purnama Teduh based on Erich Fromm’s perspective. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literary psychology approach. The source of this study is the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet, with data consisting of narrative quotations and dialogues related to the representation of love in the character of Indar. Data collection was conducted through reading and note-taking. Data analysis in this study employed content analysis, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that Indar’s representation of love, viewed from the perspective of existential needs, encompasses only the needs for relatedness and attachment. Indar’s representation of love demonstrates an orientation toward brotherly love and erotic love. Meanwhile, elements of mature love such as responsibility, care, respect, and knowledge have not been fully realized. Thus, Indar’s representation of love does not yet demonstrate the maturity of love, but rather the consistency of feelings she maintains from adolescence into adulthood.

This study aims to describe the representation of love in the character of Indar in the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet by Purnama Teduh based on Erich Fromm’s perspective. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literary psychology approach. The source of this study is the novel Bukan Cinta Monyet, with data consisting of narrative quotations and dialogues related to the representation of love in the character of Indar. Data collection was conducted through reading and note-taking. Data analysis in this study employed content analysis, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that Indar’s representation of love, viewed from the perspective of existential needs, encompasses only the needs for relatedness and attachment. Indar’s representation of love demonstrates an orientation toward brotherly love and erotic love. Meanwhile, elements of mature love such as responsibility, care, respect, and knowledge have not been fully realized. Thus, Indar’s representation of love does not yet demonstrate the maturity of love, but rather the consistency of feelings she maintains from adolescence into adulthood.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Fish farming using the biofloc system is a technological innovation capable of increasing efficiency, production results, and the sustainability of fisheries business at the village level. This study aims to determine the development of fish farming businesses using the biofloc system in increasing family income in Sembuluh village. Then, it aims to understand the impact of using the biofloc system in increasing family income and to understand the Islamic economic perspective on the utilization of the biofloc system in increasing family income. The method used is a qualitative or field research approach with purposive sampling techniques to collect data from 5 fish farmers who implement the biofloc system. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The research results show that fish farming using a biofloc system is able to increase family income through increased production and feed cost efficiency. This system supports more controlled pond management, maintains water quality, and produces more stable harvests. In addition to increasing income, the implementation of the biofloc system also strengthens family economic resilience due to planned harvest cycles and group cooperation. From an Islamic economic perspective, this practice aligns with the principles of halal, honesty, justice, and social responsibility, as well as providing benefits for families and the community.

Fish farming using the biofloc system is a technological innovation capable of increasing efficiency, production results, and the sustainability of fisheries business at the village level. This study aims to determine the development of fish farming businesses using the biofloc system in increasing family income in Sembuluh village. Then, it aims to understand the impact of using the biofloc system in increasing family income and to understand the Islamic economic perspective on the utilization of the biofloc system in increasing family income. The method used is a qualitative or field research approach with purposive sampling techniques to collect data from 5 fish farmers who implement the biofloc system. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The research results show that fish farming using a biofloc system is able to increase family income through increased production and feed cost efficiency. This system supports more controlled pond management, maintains water quality, and produces more stable harvests. In addition to increasing income, the implementation of the biofloc system also strengthens family economic resilience due to planned harvest cycles and group cooperation. From an Islamic economic perspective, this practice aligns with the principles of halal, honesty, justice, and social responsibility, as well as providing benefits for families and the community.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

. Film as a mass communication medium not only functions as entertainment, but also as a means of representing power relations in society. Miracle in Cell No. 7 works by Hanung Bramantyo show various forms of official domination and legal inequality which are relevant to be studied through a hegemony perspective. This research aims to describe the forms of hegemony that appear in the film and interpret the social criticism conveyed through the narrative and visualization. The research uses qualitative methods with listening and note-taking techniques, then the data is analyzed through reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions based on Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The research results show that this film contains four forms of hegemony: ideological hegemony through the instillation of disciplinary values; hegemony of power through apparatus domination and abuse of authority; cultural hegemony through the imposition of a single standard of behavior; and moral hegemony through the formation of ethical judgments that benefit those in power. These findings indicate that films not only present emotional stories, but also present criticism of legal injustice and structural domination. This research confirms that visual media plays an important role in forming public awareness regarding the practice of power in social life.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

. Film as a mass communication medium not only functions as entertainment, but also as a means of representing power relations in society. Miracle in Cell No. 7 works by Hanung Bramantyo show various forms of official domination and legal inequality which are relevant to be studied through a hegemony perspective. This research aims to describe the forms of hegemony that appear in the film and interpret the social criticism conveyed through the narrative and visualization. The research uses qualitative methods with listening and note-taking techniques, then the data is analyzed through reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions based on Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The research results show that this film contains four forms of hegemony: ideological hegemony through the instillation of disciplinary values; hegemony of power through apparatus domination and abuse of authority; cultural hegemony through the imposition of a single standard of behavior; and moral hegemony through the formation of ethical judgments that benefit those in power. These findings indicate that films not only present emotional stories, but also present criticism of legal injustice and structural domination. This research confirms that visual media plays an important role in forming public awareness regarding the practice of power in social life.

This study examines the denotative and connotative meanings in Mahmoud Darwish's poem "Fakkir Bighairik" using a semantic approach. Language as a sign system has a primary function in conveying meaning, and poetry is the medium of linguistic expression richest in such meaning. Darwish's poem, through dense diction, depicts empathy, humanity, and the struggle of the Palestinian people by inviting readers to "think of the other." This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with library techniques, where data is taken from the text of Fakkir Bighairik's poem and analyzed based on the theory of denotative and connotative meaning. The results show that the denotative meaning in this poem conveys a direct and straightforward message, while the connotative meaning provides emotional, social, and moral depth that strengthens the humanitarian message. The combination of these two meanings creates a poetic effect that awakens readers' awareness of solidarity and universal human values. In addition, this poem also invites readers to reflect on their role in the humanitarian struggle and reminds them of the importance of fighting for human rights amidst conflict.

This study examines the denotative and connotative meanings in Mahmoud Darwish's poem "Fakkir Bighairik" using a semantic approach. Language as a sign system has a primary function in conveying meaning, and poetry is the medium of linguistic expression richest in such meaning. Darwish's poem, through dense diction, depicts empathy, humanity, and the struggle of the Palestinian people by inviting readers to "think of the other." This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with library techniques, where data is taken from the text of Fakkir Bighairik's poem and analyzed based on the theory of denotative and connotative meaning. The results show that the denotative meaning in this poem conveys a direct and straightforward message, while the connotative meaning provides emotional, social, and moral depth that strengthens the humanitarian message. The combination of these two meanings creates a poetic effect that awakens readers' awareness of solidarity and universal human values. In addition, this poem also invites readers to reflect on their role in the humanitarian struggle and reminds them of the importance of fighting for human rights amidst conflict.

This study aims to find the values ​​contained in the novel shown through the characterization of the characters. These characterizations are related to the values ​​that occur in the lives of the characters in the novel Simfoni Persahabatan by Fakhri Violinist. This study uses a qualitative method with a structural approach that focuses on characterization and its relationship to educational values. Data were collected through document study techniques by carefully reading the novel and noting parts related to characterization, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to draw conclusions about the values ​​and messages contained in the novel. The results of the study show that the author successfully presents the characterization of two main characters, namely Nancy who has an arrogant nature and often insults others, and Bintang who is humble and always prays to God. Through the characterization of these two characters, the author conveys various educational values ​​including the value of simplicity, the spirit of pursuing ideals, moral education such as diligent study and humility, character education regarding respect for parents and teachers, the value of hard work, responsibility, patience in facing trials, the importance of admitting mistakes and forgiveness, and friendship. This research contributes to the world of education in utilizing children's literature as a medium for character formation, and provides references in selecting reading materials that suit the needs of children's character development.

This study aims to find the values ​​contained in the novel shown through the characterization of the characters. These characterizations are related to the values ​​that occur in the lives of the characters in the novel Simfoni Persahabatan by Fakhri Violinist. This study uses a qualitative method with a structural approach that focuses on characterization and its relationship to educational values. Data were collected through document study techniques by carefully reading the novel and noting parts related to characterization, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to draw conclusions about the values ​​and messages contained in the novel. The results of the study show that the author successfully presents the characterization of two main characters, namely Nancy who has an arrogant nature and often insults others, and Bintang who is humble and always prays to God. Through the characterization of these two characters, the author conveys various educational values ​​including the value of simplicity, the spirit of pursuing ideals, moral education such as diligent study and humility, character education regarding respect for parents and teachers, the value of hard work, responsibility, patience in facing trials, the importance of admitting mistakes and forgiveness, and friendship. This research contributes to the world of education in utilizing children's literature as a medium for character formation, and provides references in selecting reading materials that suit the needs of children's character development.

This study aims to find the Analysis of Moral Values ​​in the Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Karya Agnes Davonar. This study discusses the Analysis of Moral Values ​​in the Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Karya Agnes Davonar. This research is a qualitative study. While data collection is done by reading and recording methods. From the results of the study, it can be seen that literature is the best written or printed work made by humans, creatures given reason. Humans are present to provide understanding related to what is conveyed through the medium of language. But sometimes just to understand, it needs to be studied specifically. understand the literature from a different perspective, namely moral. therefore the purpose of the following literary researchers is Moral Values ​​in the Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Karya Agnes Davonar. The research method used by researchers is descriptive qualitative. This study describes the object being studied by developing morals. Researchers act as the main instrument with the help of data. The data intended by this study is the moral data contained in the novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan. And then used as a data source in the following research, namely the novel "Small Letters to God" by Agnes Davonar, published by Falcon Publishing in 2016. The thickness of the pages is 215. The results of this study show that the moral values ​​of the novel "Small Letters to God" written by Agnes Davonar include: moral values ​​in the novel "Small Letters to God" written by Agnes Davonar, namely human moral values ​​with God, moral values ​​with oneself, moral values ​​with other humans.

This study aims to find the Analysis of Moral Values ​​in the Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Karya Agnes Davonar. This study discusses the Analysis of Moral Values ​​in the Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Karya Agnes Davonar. This research is a qualitative study. While data collection is done by reading and recording methods. From the results of the study, it can be seen that literature is the best written or printed work made by humans, creatures given reason. Humans are present to provide understanding related to what is conveyed through the medium of language. But sometimes just to understand, it needs to be studied specifically. understand the literature from a different perspective, namely moral. therefore the purpose of the following literary researchers is Moral Values ​​in the Novel Surat Kecil Untuk Karya Agnes Davonar. The research method used by researchers is descriptive qualitative. This study describes the object being studied by developing morals. Researchers act as the main instrument with the help of data. The data intended by this study is the moral data contained in the novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan. And then used as a data source in the following research, namely the novel "Small Letters to God" by Agnes Davonar, published by Falcon Publishing in 2016. The thickness of the pages is 215. The results of this study show that the moral values ​​of the novel "Small Letters to God" written by Agnes Davonar include: moral values ​​in the novel "Small Letters to God" written by Agnes Davonar, namely human moral values ​​with God, moral values ​​with oneself, moral values ​​with other humans.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.