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A short story is a literary work in the form of prose that contains a conflict with a short, focused solution only on one incident or story. The most important thing in a short story is to reveal the author's events and ideas in such a way that the reader can understand and enjoy it. The short story "At the Pantura Crossing" by Tantri Pranash published on Kompas.com on December 11 2011 is a short story that represents social reality in the region Pantura (North Coast of Java). Precisely in the Patokbeusi area which is a prostitution area, which contains the dynamics of relationships between characters, social conflicts, and the values upheld in the film local community. The aim of this research is to analyze the content of Tantri Pranash's short story "In Pantura Intersection” using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, Literary works are seen as a reflection of social life and cannot be separated from consideration elements of fiction and social aspects in social life. This means studying literary sociology the relationship between literary works and people in society, as well as social processes. Method The research used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. With using reading and note-taking techniques as data collection techniques. Short story research results Tantri Pranash ``At the Panthura Junction'' contains (1) economic aspects, (2) aspects culture, (3) social aspects, and (4) moral aspects. These results explain that literary works reflect community life.

A short story is a literary work in the form of prose that contains a conflict with a short, focused solution only on one incident or story. The most important thing in a short story is to reveal the author's events and ideas in such a way that the reader can understand and enjoy it. The short story "At the Pantura Crossing" by Tantri Pranash published on Kompas.com on December 11 2011 is a short story that represents social reality in the region Pantura (North Coast of Java). Precisely in the Patokbeusi area which is a prostitution area, which contains the dynamics of relationships between characters, social conflicts, and the values upheld in the film local community. The aim of this research is to analyze the content of Tantri Pranash's short story "In Pantura Intersection” using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, Literary works are seen as a reflection of social life and cannot be separated from consideration elements of fiction and social aspects in social life. This means studying literary sociology the relationship between literary works and people in society, as well as social processes. Method The research used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. With using reading and note-taking techniques as data collection techniques. Short story research results Tantri Pranash ``At the Panthura Junction'' contains (1) economic aspects, (2) aspects culture, (3) social aspects, and (4) moral aspects. These results explain that literary works reflect community life.

This research is motivated by the lack of availability of learning media usage and conventional learning. Therefore, an effectiveness test of the periodic table of the ladder media was conducted to improve the learning outcomes of students at SMKN 1 BP BR on the topic of periodic table of elements. This research is a pre-experimental study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of media usage using data analysis techniques through pretest-posttest assessments. The population in this study is the students of class X TBSM SMKN 1 BP BR. The research instrument is a learning outcomes test consisting of 25 multiple-choice questions that have been pilot tested. The data analysis techniques used are the t-test to determine differences in learning outcomes and the N-Gain test to determine the improvement in students' understanding. The results of the study show that there are differences and improvements in students' learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the average posttest score of 86.67. The improvement in learning outcomes is also supported by hypothesis testing conducted with the t-test, obtaining a t-value (3.45) > t-table (1.21). Another supporting evidence is the average N-Gain test score of 0.75 with a high category. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the periodic table of the ladder media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes with a high category. This media is suitable for chemistry learning that is symbolic, as it will be more engaging and challenging through direct student involvement in the learning process.

This research is motivated by the lack of availability of learning media usage and conventional learning. Therefore, an effectiveness test of the periodic table of the ladder media was conducted to improve the learning outcomes of students at SMKN 1 BP BR on the topic of periodic table of elements. This research is a pre-experimental study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of media usage using data analysis techniques through pretest-posttest assessments. The population in this study is the students of class X TBSM SMKN 1 BP BR. The research instrument is a learning outcomes test consisting of 25 multiple-choice questions that have been pilot tested. The data analysis techniques used are the t-test to determine differences in learning outcomes and the N-Gain test to determine the improvement in students' understanding. The results of the study show that there are differences and improvements in students' learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the average posttest score of 86.67. The improvement in learning outcomes is also supported by hypothesis testing conducted with the t-test, obtaining a t-value (3.45) > t-table (1.21). Another supporting evidence is the average N-Gain test score of 0.75 with a high category. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the periodic table of the ladder media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes with a high category. This media is suitable for chemistry learning that is symbolic, as it will be more engaging and challenging through direct student involvement in the learning process.

The short story "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a captivating work of literature that captures the attention of readers and researchers due to its profound potential for semiotic analysis. This analysis helps us delve into deeper meanings and understand how the author uses signs and symbols to convey significant messages within the short story. Furthermore, semiotic analysis allows us to comprehend the author's thoughts and worldview. This article provides a detailed exploration of the semiotic analysis approach used in the short story, revealing the complexity of this literary work and how semiotic elements are employed to convey profound messages and meanings. The theoretical framework includes an introduction to Peirce's semiotic theory as the basis for the analysis, while the research methodology offers a clear perspective on the analytical process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of semiotic analysis in understanding literature and enriching our understanding of "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" as a form of literature that touches on profound aspects of humanity and society. This research has the potential to serve as a foundation for further studies on semiotic theory in literature.

The short story "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a captivating work of literature that captures the attention of readers and researchers due to its profound potential for semiotic analysis. This analysis helps us delve into deeper meanings and understand how the author uses signs and symbols to convey significant messages within the short story. Furthermore, semiotic analysis allows us to comprehend the author's thoughts and worldview. This article provides a detailed exploration of the semiotic analysis approach used in the short story, revealing the complexity of this literary work and how semiotic elements are employed to convey profound messages and meanings. The theoretical framework includes an introduction to Peirce's semiotic theory as the basis for the analysis, while the research methodology offers a clear perspective on the analytical process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of semiotic analysis in understanding literature and enriching our understanding of "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" as a form of literature that touches on profound aspects of humanity and society. This research has the potential to serve as a foundation for further studies on semiotic theory in literature.

This research focuses on the analysis of intrinsic elements in the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan using an objective approach. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan as the resource. The data collection technique that the researcher used was to read carefully the entire contents of the short story. The analysis technique that researchers use is by examining and discussing the contents of the short story. The results of the analysis that the researchers got was the theme of an unexpected meeting, the characters are Waban and Abel. Waban's character is a loner, a seeker of peace, simple and spontaneous, with a high sense of curiosity, as well as leadership. Meanwhile, Abel's character is mysterious, has a high taste for art, is independent, firm and humble. Marya Bernadeth Tukan writes her story using a third person point of view, this is indicated by the use of the names "Waban, Ia, and Dia". The language style used in the short story is simple and descriptive. The author uses clear words in describing the environment, characters and events in the short story. The setting used is a grass field and a house with wooden walls in the morning and a peaceful atmosphere. The message contained in the short story is the importance of living life with comfort and happiness as the main focus.

This research focuses on the analysis of intrinsic elements in the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan using an objective approach. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan as the resource. The data collection technique that the researcher used was to read carefully the entire contents of the short story. The analysis technique that researchers use is by examining and discussing the contents of the short story. The results of the analysis that the researchers got was the theme of an unexpected meeting, the characters are Waban and Abel. Waban's character is a loner, a seeker of peace, simple and spontaneous, with a high sense of curiosity, as well as leadership. Meanwhile, Abel's character is mysterious, has a high taste for art, is independent, firm and humble. Marya Bernadeth Tukan writes her story using a third person point of view, this is indicated by the use of the names "Waban, Ia, and Dia". The language style used in the short story is simple and descriptive. The author uses clear words in describing the environment, characters and events in the short story. The setting used is a grass field and a house with wooden walls in the morning and a peaceful atmosphere. The message contained in the short story is the importance of living life with comfort and happiness as the main focus.

This article aims to analyze the structural and moral values in the short story Rembulan in the Eyes of Mother by Asma Nadia. Short stories are a form of fiction that usually focus on one event, have a single plot, and have a relatively short and limited time scope. The type of research used is structural study. This study focuses on the coherence between the intrinsic elements of short stories. Theme, setting, plot, point of view and characters must have a reciprocal relationship, determine and influence each other so that they form a complete short story and the researcher will research and explain the moral values that the short story writer wants to convey to the reader.

This article aims to analyze the structural and moral values in the short story Rembulan in the Eyes of Mother by Asma Nadia. Short stories are a form of fiction that usually focus on one event, have a single plot, and have a relatively short and limited time scope. The type of research used is structural study. This study focuses on the coherence between the intrinsic elements of short stories. Theme, setting, plot, point of view and characters must have a reciprocal relationship, determine and influence each other so that they form a complete short story and the researcher will research and explain the moral values that the short story writer wants to convey to the reader.

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.  

The problem in this research is that there are still students who still make mistakes in writing their thesis and also in using punctuation marks and the solution that the researcher provides is to upload the file to Google Drive and carry out analysis using Google Doc. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out language spelling errors in preparing thesis proposals for PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan students. (2) To find out writing errors in STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. (3) To describe spelling errors in using capital letters, errors in using italics, and errors in using bold letters in PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. In this research the author used a type of field research, the design used was qualitative research, namely research that produces data in the form of written or spoken words from the people being observed. The researcher checked the validity of the data by means of source triangulation and technical triangulation. Source triangulation is triangulation carried out by interviewing various sources, such as the head of the library and lecturers, students from the class of 2017. However, the results obtained must remain the same. Meanwhile, technical triangulation is triangulation carried out by researchers by collecting different data from the same source. By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained will be better and more certain. Analysis of capital letter errors in writing and italics in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Raya Islamic College (STAIBR) Sibuhuan. caused by errors in the use of capital letters as elements of the first letter of a word at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of the name of a nation, ethnic group, and language. Analysis of errors in writing prepositions in, to and from students' theses at the Islamic High School Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI). Islam Barumun Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan is due to ignorance that the writing must be written separately from the words of its followers or a combination of words that are commonly considered as one word. Analysis of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Islamic College Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan errors which include errors in the use of the period punctuation mark (.), errors in the use of the comma punctuation mark (,), errors in the use of the colon (:), and errors in the use of the question mark (?) errors. Punctuation errors are caused by differences in perception in the use of punctuation marks in accordance with EYD guidelines.    

The problem in this research is that there are still students who still make mistakes in writing their thesis and also in using punctuation marks and the solution that the researcher provides is to upload the file to Google Drive and carry out analysis using Google Doc. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out language spelling errors in preparing thesis proposals for PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan students. (2) To find out writing errors in STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. (3) To describe spelling errors in using capital letters, errors in using italics, and errors in using bold letters in PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. In this research the author used a type of field research, the design used was qualitative research, namely research that produces data in the form of written or spoken words from the people being observed. The researcher checked the validity of the data by means of source triangulation and technical triangulation. Source triangulation is triangulation carried out by interviewing various sources, such as the head of the library and lecturers, students from the class of 2017. However, the results obtained must remain the same. Meanwhile, technical triangulation is triangulation carried out by researchers by collecting different data from the same source. By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained will be better and more certain. Analysis of capital letter errors in writing and italics in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Raya Islamic College (STAIBR) Sibuhuan. caused by errors in the use of capital letters as elements of the first letter of a word at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of the name of a nation, ethnic group, and language. Analysis of errors in writing prepositions in, to and from students' theses at the Islamic High School Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI). Islam Barumun Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan is due to ignorance that the writing must be written separately from the words of its followers or a combination of words that are commonly considered as one word. Analysis of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Islamic College Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan errors which include errors in the use of the period punctuation mark (.), errors in the use of the comma punctuation mark (,), errors in the use of the colon (:), and errors in the use of the question mark (?) errors. Punctuation errors are caused by differences in perception in the use of punctuation marks in accordance with EYD guidelines.    

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.  

This researchg aims to analyzing the short story "When the Sea is Angry" by Widya Suwarna using an objective approach to obtain the structure in a short story in the form of intrinsic elements, namely theme, point of view, plot, setting, characters, characterization, language style and message in the short story. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, this research method is devoted to researching thoroughly, broadly and in depth. The results are in the quality of words, sentences and their meaning without comparing the results of this research with the results of other studies. The source of data obtained was by reading the short story "When the Sea is Angry" by Widya Suwarna carefully and critically. Based on the results of the theme contained in the short story, namely about sincerity, that even if we have the smallest fortune, when we see our neighbors or relatives who are experiencing difficulties, we must help and share sincerely and sincerely.This is in line with the character in the short story "When the Sea is Angry" by Widya Suwarna, namely Pak Yus, who has a caring and sincere attitude in helping his neighbors.

This researchg aims to analyzing the short story "When the Sea is Angry" by Widya Suwarna using an objective approach to obtain the structure in a short story in the form of intrinsic elements, namely theme, point of view, plot, setting, characters, characterization, language style and message in the short story. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, this research method is devoted to researching thoroughly, broadly and in depth. The results are in the quality of words, sentences and their meaning without comparing the results of this research with the results of other studies. The source of data obtained was by reading the short story "When the Sea is Angry" by Widya Suwarna carefully and critically. Based on the results of the theme contained in the short story, namely about sincerity, that even if we have the smallest fortune, when we see our neighbors or relatives who are experiencing difficulties, we must help and share sincerely and sincerely.This is in line with the character in the short story "When the Sea is Angry" by Widya Suwarna, namely Pak Yus, who has a caring and sincere attitude in helping his neighbors.

This research discusses the absorption of foreign languages towards changes in the Indonesian language. History has shown that Malay (Indonesian) has absorbed many foreign languages. Absorption elements in the form of phonemes, affixes and words also enrich the Indonesian vocabulary. Positively, the presence of loan words can sharpen the power of Indonesian language expression. Efforts to limit the absorption of foreign words are not only a matter of strengthening one's personality, but also of protecting the Indonesian language system. Reality has shown that not all loan words are subject to our language system, but on the contrary, Indonesian is "forced" to make modifications to accommodate them.

This article discusses the comparison of Indonesian and Javanese phonology using descriptive qualitative methods by conducting analysis and comparison. The data observed is linguistic data which contains vowel and consonant elements in Indonesian and Javanese. Vowels are related to the height of the tongue, the movement of the tongue, strictures, and the shape of the lips. In comparative language science, Indonesian and Javanese have differences and similarities between them. One of the similarities is in the vowel phonemes. Both Indonesian and Javanese have five basic vowels, namely /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, and /o/. Indonesian and Javanese also have 10 consonants, namely bilabial, labio-dental, apico-dental, apico-alveolar, apico-palatal, lamino-alveolar, lamino-palatal, medio-palatal, dorso-velar, and laryngeal.

This research discusses the absorption of foreign languages towards changes in the Indonesian language. History has shown that Malay (Indonesian) has absorbed many foreign languages. Absorption elements in the form of phonemes, affixes and words also enrich the Indonesian vocabulary. Positively, the presence of loan words can sharpen the power of Indonesian language expression. Efforts to limit the absorption of foreign words are not only a matter of strengthening one's personality, but also of protecting the Indonesian language system. Reality has shown that not all loan words are subject to our language system, but on the contrary, Indonesian is "forced" to make modifications to accommodate them.

This article discusses the comparison of Indonesian and Javanese phonology using descriptive qualitative methods by conducting analysis and comparison. The data observed is linguistic data which contains vowel and consonant elements in Indonesian and Javanese. Vowels are related to the height of the tongue, the movement of the tongue, strictures, and the shape of the lips. In comparative language science, Indonesian and Javanese have differences and similarities between them. One of the similarities is in the vowel phonemes. Both Indonesian and Javanese have five basic vowels, namely /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, and /o/. Indonesian and Javanese also have 10 consonants, namely bilabial, labio-dental, apico-dental, apico-alveolar, apico-palatal, lamino-alveolar, lamino-palatal, medio-palatal, dorso-velar, and laryngeal.