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In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

The purpose of this study is to present the concept and implementation of integrative theme learning in the first grade at Kranggot Elementary School. To provide students with meaningful experiences, integrative theme learning combines various skills from various fields and topics. After being given educational materials, the goal is to help students become more proficient in observing, asking questions, reasoning, and presenting what they have learned. Learning objects intersect with artistic, cultural, social, and natural events. Learning efforts that are focused on the developmental stage of elementary school kids, who still view the world holistically and are only able to understand the relationship between ideas fundamentally, namely integrative theme learning. Therefore, students are expected to have much better abilities in attitudes, skills, and knowledge through this integrative theme approach.

The purpose of this study is to present the concept and implementation of integrative theme learning in the first grade at Kranggot Elementary School. To provide students with meaningful experiences, integrative theme learning combines various skills from various fields and topics. After being given educational materials, the goal is to help students become more proficient in observing, asking questions, reasoning, and presenting what they have learned. Learning objects intersect with artistic, cultural, social, and natural events. Learning efforts that are focused on the developmental stage of elementary school kids, who still view the world holistically and are only able to understand the relationship between ideas fundamentally, namely integrative theme learning. Therefore, students are expected to have much better abilities in attitudes, skills, and knowledge through this integrative theme approach.

“The Value of Character Education in the Novel I'm Not Stupid” by Khusnul Art was the primary text used in this research to support the argument that students can benefit greatly from character education programs introduced through literature. Whether it's a result of parents or the environment, the absence of character development in children is the root problem of this research. Thus, character education is crucial for kids, and books are a great way to inculcate these values. Books, whether we know it or not, teach us valuable lessons and entertain us, but they also contain positive messages that can be applied in real life. Reading novels that captivate and motivate youngsters is one approach to help them develop positive character traits. This study recommends reading Khusnul Art's "I'm Not Stupid" and thinking critically on the book's themes and characters' moral fibre.

“The Value of Character Education in the Novel I'm Not Stupid” by Khusnul Art was the primary text used in this research to support the argument that students can benefit greatly from character education programs introduced through literature. Whether it's a result of parents or the environment, the absence of character development in children is the root problem of this research. Thus, character education is crucial for kids, and books are a great way to inculcate these values. Books, whether we know it or not, teach us valuable lessons and entertain us, but they also contain positive messages that can be applied in real life. Reading novels that captivate and motivate youngsters is one approach to help them develop positive character traits. This study recommends reading Khusnul Art's "I'm Not Stupid" and thinking critically on the book's themes and characters' moral fibre.

This paper examines the application of paraphrastic and analytical approaches in the appreciation of productive literature, especially for children's literature. Productive literary appreciation is important in fostering children's reading interest and creativity. The paraphrastic approach helps children re-express literary works in their own language, improving understanding and critical thinking skills. On the other hand, the analytical approach allows children to identify intrinsic and extrinsic elements in literary works, providing deeper insights. Through these two approaches, children are not only passive connoisseurs, but also active in creating and exploring new literary works. This paper explains the definition, characteristics, benefits, and examples of the application of both approaches in literary activities in elementary schools. It is hoped that by implementing this method, children can develop a better appreciation of literature and the moral values ​​contained therein, creating a productive and creative learning environment.    

This paper examines the application of paraphrastic and analytical approaches in the appreciation of productive literature, especially for children's literature. Productive literary appreciation is important in fostering children's reading interest and creativity. The paraphrastic approach helps children re-express literary works in their own language, improving understanding and critical thinking skills. On the other hand, the analytical approach allows children to identify intrinsic and extrinsic elements in literary works, providing deeper insights. Through these two approaches, children are not only passive connoisseurs, but also active in creating and exploring new literary works. This paper explains the definition, characteristics, benefits, and examples of the application of both approaches in literary activities in elementary schools. It is hoped that by implementing this method, children can develop a better appreciation of literature and the moral values ​​contained therein, creating a productive and creative learning environment.    

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

Children with hearing impairments face challenges in communication that can affect their social and educational development. Advances in technology have provided various innovative solutions to improve accessibility and independence of children with hearing impairments in communicating. This article discusses the role of technology in helping children with hearing impairments communicate, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, sign language interpreter applications, speech recognition technology, and digital-based learning media. With this technology, children with hearing impairments can interact more easily with their social environment, improve their communication skills, and obtain better educational opportunities.  

Children with hearing impairments face challenges in communication that can affect their social and educational development. Advances in technology have provided various innovative solutions to improve accessibility and independence of children with hearing impairments in communicating. This article discusses the role of technology in helping children with hearing impairments communicate, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, sign language interpreter applications, speech recognition technology, and digital-based learning media. With this technology, children with hearing impairments can interact more easily with their social environment, improve their communication skills, and obtain better educational opportunities.  

Accurate English pronunciation is essential for clear and efficient communication. It guarantees that concepts are grasped and helps avoid misunderstandings. Pronouncing words correctly boosts confidence when speaking and facilitates the easy and clear expression of ideas. By assisting people in accurately identifying and reproducing sounds, it also improves listening skills. Correct pronunciation makes a big impression and can open up more options in both professional and academic settings. In the end, mastering pronunciation improves relationships with people from different cultural backgrounds, promoting improved communication and international interaction.

Accurate English pronunciation is essential for clear and efficient communication. It guarantees that concepts are grasped and helps avoid misunderstandings. Pronouncing words correctly boosts confidence when speaking and facilitates the easy and clear expression of ideas. By assisting people in accurately identifying and reproducing sounds, it also improves listening skills. Correct pronunciation makes a big impression and can open up more options in both professional and academic settings. In the end, mastering pronunciation improves relationships with people from different cultural backgrounds, promoting improved communication and international interaction.

The utilization of cultural value integration in open BIPA (Indonesian for Foreign Speakers) teaching materials is a strategic approach that can improve the quality of Indonesian language learning among foreign speakers. This study aims to analyze the utilization of cultural value integration in open Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) teaching materials. This method is carried out by collecting ten scientific articles in Indonesian language journals found from the Google Scholar database. The literature comes from the period 2021 - 2024. This study explores various relevant scientific articles to identify effective methods and media in integrating cultural values ​​into BIPA teaching. From the ten articles analyzed, the results show that the use of cultural elements, such as folklore, traditions, and social practices, in teaching materials not only enriches learning content but also helps learners understand the social and cultural context in which the language is used. This creates a more contextual and in-depth learning experience, which in turn improves learners' communication skills. These findings provide recommendations for the development of BIPA teaching materials that are more comprehensive and responsive to the needs of foreign learners.

The utilization of cultural value integration in open BIPA (Indonesian for Foreign Speakers) teaching materials is a strategic approach that can improve the quality of Indonesian language learning among foreign speakers. This study aims to analyze the utilization of cultural value integration in open Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) teaching materials. This method is carried out by collecting ten scientific articles in Indonesian language journals found from the Google Scholar database. The literature comes from the period 2021 - 2024. This study explores various relevant scientific articles to identify effective methods and media in integrating cultural values ​​into BIPA teaching. From the ten articles analyzed, the results show that the use of cultural elements, such as folklore, traditions, and social practices, in teaching materials not only enriches learning content but also helps learners understand the social and cultural context in which the language is used. This creates a more contextual and in-depth learning experience, which in turn improves learners' communication skills. These findings provide recommendations for the development of BIPA teaching materials that are more comprehensive and responsive to the needs of foreign learners.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.