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This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

This article discusses the phenomenon of healing beliefs in Javanese and Japanese culture which is presented through the narrative of the novel Pingkan Melipat Distance by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The novel explores the complexities of cross-cultural relationships, highlighting the traditional beliefs that influence the way the main character, Pingkan, deals with emotional and identity crises. In Javanese culture, healing beliefs are rooted in harmony between spirituality, nature and the body, while in Japanese culture, balance between the body, mind and environment is the main foundation. This article finds that through Pingkan's journey, this novel represents a cross-cultural dialogue that not only connects local and global values ​​but also opens up space for reflection on identity and healing in the modern era. With a literary approach and cultural perspective, this article presents an in-depth understanding of how healing traditions contribute to the sustainability of cultural values as well as being a tool to face the challenges of globalization.

This research aims to study the role and position of the principal as a leader in implementing the Independent Learning program in elementary schools and the influence of this leadership on the success of achieving educational goals. Apart from that, this also shows that the principal's leadership plays a strategic role in determining the success of educational goals. This research uses literature research methods and data is obtained by analyzing various sources such as books, scientific journals, articles and other documents related to the research subject. The study shows that the leadership of the school principal is very important to support the implementation of Merdeka Belajar. As leaders, they are responsible for setting policies, creating an educational vision that is aligned with national goals, and optimizing existing resources to create a good learning environment. The Independent Learning Program, which was founded by the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Nadiem Makarim, aims to realize the Pancasila Student Profile by producing students with superior character. Religious values, global diversity, independence, creativity and critical thinking are part of this profile. The success of the Merdeka Belajar program really depends on school principals who are good at managing education policies at the school level. With good leadership, school principals can incorporate the principles of Independent Learning into the elementary school curriculum and make a real contribution to achieving educational goals.    

The utilization of cultural value integration in open BIPA (Indonesian for Foreign Speakers) teaching materials is a strategic approach that can improve the quality of Indonesian language learning among foreign speakers. This study aims to analyze the utilization of cultural value integration in open Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) teaching materials. This method is carried out by collecting ten scientific articles in Indonesian language journals found from the Google Scholar database. The literature comes from the period 2021 - 2024. This study explores various relevant scientific articles to identify effective methods and media in integrating cultural values ​​into BIPA teaching. From the ten articles analyzed, the results show that the use of cultural elements, such as folklore, traditions, and social practices, in teaching materials not only enriches learning content but also helps learners understand the social and cultural context in which the language is used. This creates a more contextual and in-depth learning experience, which in turn improves learners' communication skills. These findings provide recommendations for the development of BIPA teaching materials that are more comprehensive and responsive to the needs of foreign learners.

The book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik is a guide book for learning Arabic which includes four skills in Arabic, namely speaking skills, listening skills, reading skills and writing skills. In this book there are many important aspects to improve students' speaking skills. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method was chosen to be able to describe real phenomena without any engineering involved. The data source in this research is Arabic Language and Culture students at Al Azhar University Indonesia. The problem discussed in this research is measuring the effectiveness of the book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik in speaking proficiency. The aim of this research is to see the effectiveness of using the Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik book in speaking proficiency. The results of this research are related to the components of book content, the role of the teacher, and the role of students in speaking proficiency in the Arabic language learning process.

This article analyzes the representation of culture shock in Andrea Hirata's novel Edensor, focusing on the experiences of the main characters, Ikal and Arai, as they interact with European culture. Using Kalvero Oberg's culture shock theory, which includes the stages of honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment, this study explores how both characters undergo shifts in mindset and attitudes when confronted with foreign cultural values. The paper also discusses the impact of culture shock on their character development and its relevance in today's global socio-cultural context, including migration and international education. Through this analysis, it is understood that culture shock is not merely a clash of cultures, but also a crucial process for learning and personal growth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to interdisciplinary literary studies, particularly in understanding the relationship between literature and social-cultural phenomena.

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

The book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik is a guide book for learning Arabic which includes four skills in Arabic, namely speaking skills, listening skills, reading skills and writing skills. In this book there are many important aspects to improve students' speaking skills. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method was chosen to be able to describe real phenomena without any engineering involved. The data source in this research is Arabic Language and Culture students at Al Azhar University Indonesia. The problem discussed in this research is measuring the effectiveness of the book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik in speaking proficiency. The aim of this research is to see the effectiveness of using the Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik book in speaking proficiency. The results of this research are related to the components of book content, the role of the teacher, and the role of students in speaking proficiency in the Arabic language learning process.

This article analyzes the representation of culture shock in Andrea Hirata's novel Edensor, focusing on the experiences of the main characters, Ikal and Arai, as they interact with European culture. Using Kalvero Oberg's culture shock theory, which includes the stages of honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment, this study explores how both characters undergo shifts in mindset and attitudes when confronted with foreign cultural values. The paper also discusses the impact of culture shock on their character development and its relevance in today's global socio-cultural context, including migration and international education. Through this analysis, it is understood that culture shock is not merely a clash of cultures, but also a crucial process for learning and personal growth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to interdisciplinary literary studies, particularly in understanding the relationship between literature and social-cultural phenomena.

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.