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Sanitation facilities are a fundamental element that contributes to creating a healthy, comfortable, and productive learning environment in higher education institutions. This study aims to describe the availability of sanitation facilities in the Office Administration Management Study Program, analyze the factors that influence their condition, and explore the perspectives of the academic community regarding their quality and usefulness. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The informants of this study consisted of students, lecturers, administrative staff, and facility managers. The findings reveal that sanitation facilities such as toilets, sinks, and trash bins remain inadequate in terms of quantity, physical condition, and distribution within the campus area. Several key challenges were identified, including limited financial resources, suboptimal management practices, low awareness and discipline among users, and the absence of clear and strict institutional policies related to sanitation standards. The academic community generally perceives that the available sanitation facilities do not meet the expected standards of comfort and hygiene, which may negatively affect the quality of learning experiences and academic activities. This study highlights the importance of strategic planning, adequate budget allocation, and supportive institutional policies in improving the quality of sanitation facilities. The implications of the study are expected to provide valuable input for higher education managers in formulating policies and planning facilities that are more responsive to the needs of the academic community, thereby supporting effective, professional, and sustainable educational governance.

This study examines the practice of reciprocity within the persatuan barang (goods-sharing) group during the implementation of the rewang tradition in Desa Banglas, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. The main focus of the research is to identify the various forms of exchange that occur, whether in the form of money, goods, or labor. A narrative qualitative approach was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, archival review, and documentation of bookkeeping records. The subjects of this research are members of the persatuan barang group who actively participate in social and cultural events in the village. The findings reveal three types of reciprocity: generalized, balanced, and negative. Generalized reciprocity is evident in voluntary contributions without expecting immediate return, often practiced among close kin or neighbors. Balanced reciprocity is demonstrated through exchanges of equal value with a certain expectation of timely return, particularly during communal events like weddings or funerals. Negative reciprocity, although rare, involves unequal exchanges that may lead to social tensions or perceptions of unfairness. These findings indicate that the persatuan barang group functions not only as an informal economic mechanism but also as a cultural institution that fosters mutual assistance, reinforces social cohesion, and preserves traditional values. The exchange systems operate within an implicit moral economy that prioritizes collective welfare over individual gain. Additionally, the tradition of rewang and the organizational role of persatuan barang highlight the resilience and adaptability of indigenous practices in supporting rural livelihoods amid changing socioeconomic conditions. The study suggests that such local systems of reciprocity play a vital role in sustaining social capital, strengthening community identity, and ensuring social security in the absence of formal welfare structures. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of these practices on community resilience and rural development.  

This study analyzes social change in Ponggok Village, Klaten, Central Java, from an impoverished village to a self-sufficient one, utilizing Talcott Parsons' structural functionalist framework and the AGIL model (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Latency). Prior to 2006, Ponggok Village faced poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and limited employment opportunities, despite its significant potential for spring water. The transformation began in 2009-2013 with collaboration between the village head and academics for potential mapping and the establishment of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) Tirta Mandiri. The period from 2014 to 2018 marked a "golden era" with the implementation of the Village Law of 2014, increased village funds, and peak revenues from Umbul Ponggok. However, from 2019-2023, the village experienced a significant decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed, dividing the timeline into three periods (2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2023). Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions, interviews, and literature reviews. The research findings demonstrate how Ponggok Village systematically fulfills the AGIL functional prerequisites by examining socio-economic policies through policies implemented by the Village Government, Village Consultative Body (BPD), and Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) in efforts to improve quality of life, foster social integration among stakeholders, and maintain values through sustainable programs aimed at achieving and sustaining the success of its transformation. These findings provide a holistic understanding of the village’s resilience and adaptability in facing social and economic challenges.

This study aims to analyze the role of fitness development in shaping the discipline and physical resilience of students at UPT SPF SD Negeri 107405 Sei Rotan. The research is motivated by the importance of holistic character education at the elementary level, where fitness does not only focus on physical fitness, but mental formation and discipline. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that structured activities, such as morning gymnastics, flag ceremonies, and scouting, succeeded in integrating the values of discipline, physical and mental resilience contextually. Students not only become fitter, but also show improvements in time discipline, cooperation, and resilience to challenges. This finding is strengthened by the testimony of teachers stating that routine habituation in the classroom creates a school culture that is conducive to character development. This study recommends the development of more creative and collaborative wellness programs involving parents and the community. The implications of this research provide a practical contribution to strengthening character education in elementary schools through a close approach.

The code of ethics of the advocate profession plays an important role in maintaining the existence of this profession as a respected officium nobile. As part of the justice system, advocates are not only required to have legal expertise, but also to maintain integrity and morality through compliance with the code of ethics. This article discusses the urgency of implementing the code of ethics of the advocate profession, its strategic function in regulating relations with clients, courts, and the community, and the challenges it faces. Enforcement of the code of ethics is carried out through supervision of professional organizations and the Honorary Council to prevent violations that can tarnish the reputation of the profession. Factors such as legal ethics education for prospective advocates, harmonization of codes of ethics between organizations, and sanction mechanisms are the main concerns in strengthening its implementation. In addition, the digital era brings new challenges in the form of public perception of the advocate profession influenced by social media. This article highlights the importance of collaboration between educational institutions, professional organizations, and advocates in building an ethical culture and increasing public trust. Enforcement of the code of ethics not only maintains the honor of individual advocates, but also protects public trust in the legal system as a whole.