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Indonesia's maritime security faces increasingly complex challenges due to the rise of hybrid threats that combine traditional and non-traditional elements. One of the main threats is the shadow fleet, operating covertly with unregistered ships, evading detection, and exploiting weaknesses in maritime surveillance to engage in illegal activities such as smuggling, illegal transshipment, and unlawful exploitation of natural resources. This phenomenon exacerbates Indonesia's maritime security situation, particularly in strategic areas like the Natuna Sea and the Sunda Strait, which are vulnerable to geopolitical conflicts and overlapping territorial claims. Additionally, transnational crimes such as piracy, drug trafficking, and human trafficking further undermine security in Indonesian waters. To address these threats, Indonesia needs to strengthen its maritime surveillance capacity by adopting advanced technologies such as early detection sistems and the Automatic Identification Sistem (AIS), as well as enhancing coordination between maritime agencies like Bakamla and the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) to improve responses to harder-to-detect threats. Moreover, international cooperation with neighboring countries and regional maritime organizations like ASEAN must be bolstered to tackle cross-border threats. Strengthening surveillance, modernizing technology, and fostering more integrative maritime diplomacy will be crucial in safeguarding Indonesia's maritime sovereignty and ensuring the stability of this increasingly strategic maritime region.

The development of technology in the era of globalization has brought significant changes in society, particularly through the emergence of the internet and social media such as WhatsApp, X (Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, and TikTok, which facilitate rapid information dissemination. This development has also given rise to a new profession, namely content creators, who produce and share content in the form of images, videos, or text for branding, professional purposes, or self-expression, often resorting to sensationalism to attract audience attention. On the other hand, the ease of access to social media has also triggered the spread of negative content, including pornography, as evidenced by Komdigi/Kominfo data showing millions of blocked negative content, with X being one of the dominant platforms. In Islamic perspective, anything that leads to adultery is prohibited as stated in QS. Al-Isra verse 32. A prominent case is Dea OnlyFans (Gusti Ayu Dewanti) who was arrested for distributing pornographic content through OnlyFans and Google Drive, charged under the Pornography Law and ITE Law, and found guilty in the Supreme Court Decision Number 2086 K/Pid.Sus/2023. This study discusses 1) How are the differences in judges' considerations at the District Court, High Court, and Cassation? 2) Can the Supreme Court judges' considerations provide a deterrent effect? This research uses a descriptive method with normative legal research based on literature study, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials.

This study aims to explore Generation Z's adaptation to traditional values, particularly the Balinese language sor singgih in Catur Wangsa, amid social changes driven by globalization and technological advancements, from the perspective of interpersonal communication. The phenomenological approach in qualitative research is the research method used, with three data collection techniques: participant observation, unstructured interviews, and documentation. This study also uses source and technique triangulation as a data validity technique. The research informants are members of Generation Z from the five castes in Bali: Brahmana, Ksatria, Weisya, and Sudra. Research conducted across eight districts and cities in Bali indicates that Generation Z is beginning to shift its interpersonal communication patterns. Although they still uphold traditional values of politeness and social norms, Generation Z emphasizes equality and openness in their daily interactions. The generation Z that continues to use the Balinese language is segmented by social context, emotional closeness, and communication situations, rather than solely by caste differences. Furthermore, this study's findings show that the caste system is seen more as a cultural identity than a social boundary. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of preserving the values of Balinese local wisdom in the form of adaptive, egalitarian communication that is relevant to the development of the younger generation in the digital age.

The development of Islamic political thought cannot be separated from the historical context and social dynamics surrounding it. One significant period that influenced the direction of this thought is the era of Western colonialism in the 19th to early 20th centuries. During this period, much of the Islamic world was under Western colonial rule, which had a profound impact on the social, political, and intellectual conditions of Muslims. Within the Muslim community itself, various internal issues related to religious understanding arose, causing difficulties in facing the dominance and hegemony of the West. Islamic political thought became one of the fields of study in political science, which is not only relevant today but also gained attention during the classical Islamic period. This study is highly significant, both in the development of knowledge and as a framework for political practice. Therefore, it is important to study Islamic political thought, as it provides deep insights into political dynamics and Islam’s contribution to shaping existing political systems, as well as offering perspectives that are useful in facing contemporary global challenges.

The current global environmental crisis is not only caused by technical and economic factors, but also reflects a spiritual and ethical crisis in the modern human view of nature. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a contemporary Islamic philosopher and thinker, offers an environmental ethics approach based on Islamic spirituality that emphasizes the sanctity of nature and the relationship between humans and God as the center of ecological morality. This study aims to examine in depth the concept of environmental ethics according to Nasr, as well as its relevance in responding to contemporary ecological challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study of Nasr's works, this study found that Nasr's concept of environmental ethics is based on the principles of monotheism, trust, and the ontological relationship between humans and the universe. Nasr criticized the Western secular and anthropocentric paradigm that objectifies nature and called for the restoration of the sacred relationship between humans and the environment as the basis for sustainable ecological ethics. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of holistic and spiritual environmental ethics in global and local contexts.

This study examines the legal protection regarding the cancellation of unused trademarks through a case study of the Supreme Court Decision No. 264 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2015 between IKEA Systems BV and PT Ratania Khatulistiwa. Trademarks play a vital role in modern trade, functioning not only as product identities but also as guarantees of quality and reputation with significant economic value. Law No. 15 of 2001 stipulates that a trademark may be cancelled if it is not used for three consecutive years, aiming to prevent speculative practices and pseudo-monopolies. However, this provision raises issues when applied to well-known trademarks that require longer periods to penetrate domestic markets. Using a literature review approach, this research analyzes legal norms, doctrines, and court decisions, while comparing them with international practices. The findings reveal that Indonesian law prioritizes the use requirement principle over the global reputation of a trademark. The Supreme Court’s decision to cancel the IKEA trademark demonstrates Indonesia’s legal orientation towards domestic legal certainty, yet it also creates challenges in maintaining a conducive investment climate. Therefore, trademark regulations need to be reformed to become more adaptive to globalization dynamics while balancing the interests of trademark owners, local businesses, consumers, and the state.

Drug abuse among adolescents in Jayapura City is a pressing issue with significant repercussions for health, society, and the future of younger generations. Due to Jayapura's strategic position as a border city with Papua New Guinea, it faces a heightened risk of cross-border drug trafficking, making it particularly vulnerable. This study explores the various factors contributing to the rise in drug abuse among adolescents, including individual, family, and peer group dynamics, socio-economic conditions, weak legal enforcement, and the influence of globalization. The findings suggest that a multifaceted approach is essential in addressing the problem. Repressive measures alone are insufficient, and should be complemented by preventive, rehabilitative, and educational strategies. Such approaches must emphasize child protection principles and ensure justice that is both substantive and forward-thinking. Progressive and responsive legal frameworks, aligned with the goals of criminal punishment, are necessary to effectively combat drug abuse in Jayapura. Moreover, these frameworks should prioritize adolescent recovery, recognizing that these individuals are the future of the nation.

Free trade provides significant opportunities for developing countries to increase exports, expand market access, and drive economic growth. Through engagement in global markets, products and services can reach a wider range of consumers, creating the potential for increased national income. However, global economic integration also presents serious challenges, particularly in terms of the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). As national boundaries in economic activity become increasingly blurred, intellectual property—including patents, trademarks, industrial designs, copyrights, and trade secrets—becomes increasingly vulnerable to infringement. Common forms of infringement include piracy, counterfeiting of branded products, and theft of technology or innovation. These practices not only harm creators or rights owners but can also hinder the development of innovation, reduce industrial competitiveness, and undermine consumer confidence. Adequate IPR protection requires a combination of strong national regulations and an effective international legal framework. Instruments such as the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement under the WTO provide global standards to which compliance must be adhered, but implementation at the national level is crucial for their success. Weak or inconsistent law enforcement can open the door to violations that harm both domestic and foreign businesses. Beyond legal aspects, effective IPR protection also impacts the investment climate. Investors tend to invest in countries that can guarantee the security of their intellectual assets. Therefore, IPR protection is not only a legal issue but also a long-term economic development strategy. Therefore, in the era of free trade, developing countries need to balance market openness with strengthening IPR protection systems to create a conducive environment for innovation, sustainable economic growth, and public welfare.

The development of information and communication technology (ICT), particularly the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data, has transformed Indonesia's national security threat landscape. Threats that previously focused on traditional military aspects have now shifted to non-traditional cyber threats, such as cyberattacks, digital espionage, and infrastructure sabotage. According to PROXSIS IT GRC data, in 2024, more than 19 million cyberattacks were recorded against websites in Indonesia. While this figure is a decrease compared to the previous year, this trend is thought to reflect a shift towards more structured and organized tactics by threat actors. In response, the Indonesian government established the National Cybersecurity Action Plan 2024–2028 as a strategic guideline. Furthermore, cyber diplomacy is being promoted through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, for example through the signing of memorandums of understanding (MoUs) with the UK and Kaspersky. This cooperation includes the exchange of intelligence information, strengthening human resource capacity, raising public awareness regarding cybersecurity, and protecting critical information infrastructure. This study uses non-traditional security theory and defense diplomacy to analyze the strategies, challenges, and prospects of Indonesia's cyber policy. The analysis demonstrates that cyber defense diplomacy plays a crucial role as an instrument for integrating technology, regulation, and international collaboration in safeguarding digital sovereignty. In addition to strengthening threat detection and mitigation capabilities, this diplomacy also builds networks of trust with partner nations, which is essential amidst the increasing complexity of global threats. Therefore, in the era of digital globalization, full of interconnections, cyber defense diplomacy serves not only as a national protection tool but also as Indonesia's contribution to global cybersecurity stability. This effort prioritizes synergy between technological innovation, law enforcement, and sustainable international cooperation.

The global economic crisis has prompted developing countries, including the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), to strengthen cooperation in creating a multipolar economic order as a form of resistance to Western domination. Mass media plays a crucial role in framing this dynamic. This study aims to examine how The Jakarta Post constructs the BRICS narrative through three main dimensions in Vincent Mosco's Political Economy of Communication theory: commodification, spatialization, and structuring. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques in the form of documentation and analysis of news published in The Jakarta Post between June 18, 2024, and January 31, 2025. Data were categorized based on the type of information and main themes, then analyzed using Mosco's theoretical concepts. The results show that the commodification process occurs when geopolitical issues, such as Indonesia's opportunity to join BRICS, are transformed into media commodities appealing to elite readers and strategic economic actors. This practice also involves the contribution of experts, but often without equitable compensation. Spatialization is reflected in the real-time distribution of digital content that transcends geographical and temporal boundaries, strengthening the penetration of BRICS discourse into the international public sphere. Structuralization emerges in the narrative of building a new world order through BRICS agendas such as dedollarization, technological integration, and alternative payment systems, although it remains overshadowed by the dominance of Western financial institutions. Thus, media coverage not only represents geopolitical dynamics but also transforms strategic issues into information products with economic value, while revealing the tension between the aspirations of developing countries and established global hegemony.

This study explores the strategic role of Pancasila as a living ideology in addressing the rising challenges of radicalism and intolerance in the era of digital globalization. The increasing spread of radical ideologies through social media, along with the growing exclusivist attitudes within Indonesia’s multicultural society, demands an adaptive and applicable ideological approach. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using literature review techniques. The findings indicate that collaboration among state institutions, civil society organizations, and educational institutions is crucial in grounding the values of Pancasila within public and digital spaces. Deradicalization strategies that emphasize ideological education, media literacy, and humanistic approaches have proven more effective in fostering tolerance and preventing the spread of extremist ideologies. This study affirms that Pancasila must continuously be revitalized through cross-sectoral, concrete actions to remain relevant and influential in preserving national unity.

Modernization, a global phenomenon, significantly impacts religious life, challenging religions to maintain their relevance amidst rapid social changes. This study aims to examine how religion, particularly Islam, can transform without losing its traditional essence, and to map the dynamics between tradition and modernity in religious practice. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and library research methods, data were collected through literature review and analyzed thematically.The findings reveal a tension between tradition, perceived as a sacred heritage, and modernity, often suspected of introducing secular values. However, modernization also offers opportunities for religion to adapt through innovative outreach and reinterpretation of teachings. It is found that reinterpretation of religious teachings is crucial for contextual relevance, refreshing the understanding of universal values without altering the core doctrines. Furthermore, religion is not merely an object of modernization but also a vital actor in driving just social transformation, serving as a corrective force and an agent for civilizational development.In conclusion, religious modernization is an interactive process demanding responses from religious communities. The reinterpretation of doctrines is key to religion's ongoing relevance, and the synergy between tradition and transformation allows religion to remain pertinent and a moral guide in the globalized era.  

Trade secrets are an important part of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that play a strategic role in maintaining a company's competitive advantage. Protecting information that is not generally known, has economic value, and is kept confidential is very important, especially in the midst of globalization and technological advances that increase the risk of information leakage. Law No. 30 of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets is the main legal basis in Indonesia, in line with international agreements such as WTO/TRIPS. This research uses normative juridical methods to analyze trade secret legal protection, including based on property rights theory, contract theory, and tort theory. In addition, the role of employment contract clauses that regulate obligations to maintain confidentiality and prohibitions on working for competing companies after termination are discussed as preventive strategies. This research confirms the importance of awareness and concrete legal steps from business owners to protect their trade secrets effectively.

Economic globalization is a process that significantly impacts the structure and values within Islamic political economy. Market integration, trade liberalization, and cross-border capital flows have created an increasingly competitive and capitalistic global economic order. On one hand, globalization provides opportunities for developing countries, including Indonesia, to access new technologies, expand export markets, and increase foreign investment. However, on the other hand, globalization also poses serious challenges for Islamic political economy, particularly due to the dominance of capitalist principles that contradict the fundamental values of Islamic economics, such as justice ('adl), balance (tawazun), and the prohibition of riba and gharar. Additionally, internal challenges such as low community literacy, a lack of innovation in Sharia-compliant financial products, and insufficient policy support further hinder the development of the Islamic economy. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies to analyze the impact of globalization on Islamic political economy. The findings indicate that adaptive strategies, innovation enhancement, regulatory strengthening, and the improvement of literacy and research are necessary for Islamic political economy to play a strategic role in addressing the challenges of globalization. Thus, it is hoped that Islamic political economy can contribute to the realization of a more just and sustainable global economic order.

Terrorism is considered a crime against humanity and poses a serious threat to the sovereignty of states as it has an international scope and impact. This crime threatens global security and peace and undermines the welfare of society, thus requiring decisive and sustained eradication efforts to protect and respect human rights at large. radicalism reflects an attitude or view that is extreme and seeks social or political change in ways that are controversial or outside the norm. Perpetrators of terrorism often have radical views and choose violent acts as a way to achieve their goals. Prevention of terrorism through deradicalization is a proactive step and requires caution with consideration of the plurality of Indonesian society and the vulnerability of plurality to social conflict.

This research conducts a juridical analysis of the problematic implementation of income tax on digital economic activities within Indonesia's taxation system. Digital transformation has altered the global economic landscape, yet the existing tax system has not fully accommodated the specific characteristics of the digital economy. This study aims to identify weaknesses in the income tax legal framework within the digital economy context and formulate an ideal construction for income tax regulation that can optimize tax revenue without impeding digital economic growth. The research employs a normative juridical methodology with statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The findings indicate that current income tax provisions are ineffective in addressing digital economy challenges, particularly concerning concepts of income sources, permanent establishment, and monitoring mechanisms. The study recommends comprehensive reforms including redefinition of fundamental tax concepts, strengthening of the withholding tax system, development of tax information technology infrastructure, and harmonization with international standards. The ideal construction of income tax regulation must consider principles of legal certainty, fairness, administrative efficiency, and economic neutrality to create a taxation system adaptive to digital economic developments.

This study aims to explore and examine the leadership model based on local values ​​that have developed in various regions of the archipelago, as well as its relevance in contemporary leadership practices. Indonesia as a country with high cultural diversity holds many traditional leadership value legacies, such as deliberation, mutual cooperation, and the principle of balance between individual and collective interests. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study analyzes various traditional leadership practices from several regions such as Java, Bali, Minangkabau, and Bugis-Makassar, then identifies the main elements that can be integrated into modern leadership styles in both the public and private sectors. The results of the study indicate that local values ​​not only enrich existing leadership models, but are also able to strengthen the legitimacy, ethics, and effectiveness of leadership in an increasingly complex social context. This study recommends the development of a hybrid leadership model that combines local wisdom with global demands, as an adaptive solution in facing the dynamics of changing times.

Patent rights are a part of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that provide legal protection for inventions in the field of technology. With the rapid development of the times and technological advancements, the protection of patent rights has become an increasingly crucial issue. This is due to the growing number of patent infringements, particularly in the digital and medical device sectors, which often involve major global technology companies. One such case is the patent dispute between Apple Inc. and Masimo Corporation. The patent conflict between Apple and Masimo serves as a concrete example of how disputes over the ownership of technology can lead to complex legal issues, while also demonstrating how legal systems in developed countries respond to alleged patent infringements relatively effectively. On the other hand, Indonesia, as a developing country, still faces various challenges in resolving patent disputes, ranging from policy aspects and law enforcement processes to the capacity of existing institutions. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which Indonesia's patent legal system has been able to meet the demands of the times. Through the analysis of the Apple vs. Masimo case, this paper seeks to examine how Indonesia’s patent dispute resolution system can be strengthened to address global dynamics.

The acceleration of globalization and advances in information technology have brought about significant changes in the economic field. In this context, collaboration between individuals is a key element in forming business groups that aim to achieve economic benefits. These business groups can take the form of informal businesses that do not yet have legality, as well as legal entities known as corporations. When individuals join a corporation, this also strengthens the corporation's position as a legal subject in economic activities. A legal subject (subject tumjuris) is an entity that can have and exercise rights and obligations. This situation can trigger abuse of power by corporations against the public interest, which is then known as corporate crime. Such crimes are usually committed for the sake of the company's business interests and fall into the category of white collar. crime. One form of corporate crime that is rampant is the violation of the economic rights of creators and copyright owners

The growth of the digital sector during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID) 19 pandemic has an impact on how individuals use technology and behave in social situations, introducing new work opportunities.  However, work participation in the digital industry based on gender at the global level is still significant which can have an impact on gender gaps and the role of female workers. In terms of access to production and distribution of roles, female workers in the digital industry make widespread similarities with the presence of male workers. In-depth research is required to understand whether or not there is a gender gap in the digital industry, especially in the context of Indonesia, as a modern phenomenon. Previous studies have begun to discuss gender participation in non-digital industries, such as the garment sector, but have not yet discussed the dynamics of the gender gap and the role of women. This study utilizes social role theory to quantify the extent of the gender gap and the dynamics of women's roles in industrial technology. This study examines 3 female workers in 3 distinct digital technology companies using a qualitative method and a multiple case study approach. The results of this study reveals that the digital technology industry in the education, technology, and transportation sector is inclusive and promotes the role of women despite the fact that woman constitute a minority of workers. The role of women is supported by the equal of expectations towards the role of female workers, including the system of labor allocation and rewards that do not take gender into account. This research can further serve as a reference for other digital enterprise sectors and other industries when developing policies and programs to support and enhance the work role of women.