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Air quality in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta has shown a concerning decline in recent years, largely due to high emissions from motor vehicles as the main source of pollution in urban areas. The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta issued Governor Regulation Number 66 of 2020 concerning Exhaust Emission Testing for Motor Vehicles as a public policy instrument aimed at controlling air pollution. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the regulation from a public policy perspective and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its execution. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by qualitative analysis of policy documents and reports on the implementation of emission testing. The results reveal that the implementation of the regulation has not been optimal due to limited emission testing infrastructure, low levels of public awareness and socialization, and inconsistent enforcement of administrative sanctions. Nevertheless, there are opportunities to improve policy effectiveness through strengthened inter-agency coordination, digitalization of monitoring systems, and increased environmental literacy among the public. Therefore, the success of emission control policy implementation is highly dependent on resource support, regulatory consistency, and community awareness, necessitating a comprehensive and continuous multi-stakeholder improvement strategy and stronger commitment.

This study aims to identify and analyze the leadership style of the Cilampunghilir Village Head in implementing village governance. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively, including the village head, village secretary, village officials, hamlet heads, and relevant community leaders. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the village head's leadership style tends to be democratic and participatory. The village head emphasizes collective decision-making by prioritizing consensus through deliberation and encouraging citizen involvement in every step of governance. In decision-making, the village head strives to involve the wider community so that policy outcomes are well-received. In terms of motivation, the village head actively provides encouragement, rewards, and builds reciprocal cooperation with village officials and residents. He recognizes the importance of appreciation and trust in order to build a cooperative work environment. Furthermore, in communication, the village head is known for being open, accessible, and willing to listen to the aspirations of villagers. In terms of controlling subordinates, the village head provides clear direction, delegates tasks according to competence, and enforces discipline to ensure the smooth implementation of village programs. This indicates a leadership style that balances authority with empowerment. However, the study also identified several weaknesses, including a lack of representation of marginalized groups, low frequency of outreach activities, and unequal access to information. Therefore, it is recommended that deliberation forums be strengthened with a more inclusive approach, diversified outreach methods through the use of digital channels, and increased transparency be implemented to optimize village governance.

One example of a case of falsified documents in the issuance of overlapping land certificates occurred in East Luwu Regency and was raised in court through Decision Number 90/Pid.B/2020/PN MII. In this case, it was discovered that land certificate falsification was carried out by a land mafia, resulting in the emergence of two certificates for the same plot of land. This practice not only harms the legitimate owner but also creates laws and gives rise to complex agrarian conflicts. This research uses a normative juridical method, with an approach based on laws and court decisions. The results show that the preservation was an intentional act carried out by one party, with the aim of controlling land rights that did not belong to him. In the decision, the perpetrator was found guilty and sentenced because it was also proven to have falsified documents, as stipulated in Article 263 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). From this case, it can be concluded that law enforcement against overlapping duplicate certificates is very important to ensure legal certainty and protection. Protection efforts for land rights holders are carried out through a land registration process that complies with procedures based on Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Principles of Agrarian Law. Compliance with these procedures can provide a strong basis for identifying legitimate rights holders and preventing future damage, including cases of overlapping certificates caused by document falsification. To prevent the recurrence of similar cases, it is necessary to improve the monitoring system and digitize land data comprehensively by the National Land Agency (BPN). An integrated digital-based land system can minimize the opportunity for the issuance of duplicate certificates for a single plot of land, because all land rights data can be accessed and disclosed transparently and in real time.

Coal in Jambi is a problem that people continually complain about and causes traffic jams and damaged roads. Until the end of 2022, there are 51 coal mining companies operating in Jambi Province, spread across Sarolangun, Tebo, Batanghari and Muaro Jambi. The Jambi provincial government is preparing alternative coal transportation routes via land and water. This research uses quantitative research with a descriptive format, aimed at explaining, summarizing various conditions, various situations or various variables that arise in the community which is the object of the research based on what happens. Then bring to the surface the character or description of the condition, situation or variable. The results of observations from questionnaires that have been distributed by students hope that this alternative will reduce the level of traffic jams and the number of accidents that occur in the community. The Governor of Jambi, Al Haris, has made various efforts in alternative development in his province. Students hope that this alternative will reduce the level of traffic jams and accidents that occur in society. The Governor of Jambi, Al Haris, has made various efforts in alternative development in his province. One of them is controlling the use of coal transport vehicle plates to repair roads. Apart from that, the provincial government is also discussing the issue of coal transport and the construction of special roads for coal transport. The Governor also admits that his authority is limited in matters of coal transport, but various efforts have been made. carried out, including opening alternative roads and giving lambuk numbers to coal transport. Apart from that, Governor Al Haris also stated the ban on coal transport via national roads and the importance of the progress of Jambi City as a barometer for the development of Jambi province. However, despite this, we can also feel that currently the accident rate is still there.