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Village institutions play an important role in supporting participatory and sustainable rural development. The Village Law No. 6 of 2014 recognizes village autonomy and emphasizes the importance of community participation through Village Community Institutions (Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa/LKD). However, the implementation of these institutions in practice has not always functioned effectively. This study aims to analyze the role of village community institutions in supporting village development and to identify the factors that influence their effectiveness in Oematamboli Village, Lobalain District, Rote Ndao Regency. This research employs an empirical legal research method with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews and field observations involving village government officials, community institution administrators, and community leaders, while secondary data were obtained from documents and relevant regulations. The results indicate that the functions of LKD, including the Community Empowerment Institution (LPM), Neighborhood Associations (RT), and Community Associations (RW), have not been implemented optimally in supporting village development. This condition is reflected in the limited participation of LKD in development planning, weak absorption of community aspirations, and low community participation in development activities. Several factors influencing this condition include limited human resource capacity, inadequate infrastructure, low community participation, and limited development funding. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, improving coordination, and increasing community participation are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of village development.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

The River Basin (DAS) as a place of absorption and water source for living things, forms an ecosystem and a direct relationship between humans and nature. This study aims to determine the function of the Subayang River for the DAS community in Tanjung Belit Village, and to analyze the process of interpreting the river using the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckman. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model. The research subjects numbered eight people, consisting of six main subjects (selected purposively) and two key subjects. The results of the study show that the Subayang River has domestic functions (consumption and MCK) and non-domestic (interaction space, economic function, mobility, culture, conservation, and disposal). The process of the community interpreting the Subayang River consists of three processes, namely externalization (Knowledge) sources of community knowledge about rivers are formed through direct experience, family heritage, social interaction, norms or unwritten rules maintained by the community. Objectivation (Attitude) of Subayang River is not only seen as a water source but as a source of life, as a sacred object, river as identity and river as a place of purification. Internalization (Action) of society carries out various actions that come from the community's response to the river. The social construction process is influenced by internal factors (Personal Experience, Cognitive Awareness, Emotional) and external factors (Family, Norms/Rules, Community Culture, Environmental Conditions).