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The implementation of local democracy in Indonesia faces challenges when the electoral and procedural mechanisms regulated in modern village administration are not fully in line with the socio-cultural traditions of indigenous communities. Many villages still strongly uphold the values, norms, and authority of traditional institutions that have historically regulated communal life, including in terms of leadership legitimacy. Tension between formal democracy and customary values arises when the village political process is perceived as not reflecting the cultural identity of the community. This situation creates a need to understand how the integration of customary institutions can strengthen the legitimacy of village leaders in the local democratic system. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach because the study focuses on the concept of the role of customary institutions in strengthening local democracy and the legitimacy of village leadership. This method allows researchers to explore theories and compare previous findings to form a systematic understanding. The research data comes from 19 secondary sources in the form of scientific books and journal articles published between 2016 and 2025 that are relevant to the themes of customs, village governance, community participation, and local leadership. The search was conducted using the Publish or Perish application with purposive sampling techniques to select sources directly related to the main research issue. This study concludes that the integration of traditional institutions into local democracy produces a model of village leadership that is legally strong and culturally rooted. This integration provides a basis for strengthening local democracy based on cultural wisdom, thereby supporting village development.

Village institutions play an important role in supporting participatory and sustainable rural development. The Village Law No. 6 of 2014 recognizes village autonomy and emphasizes the importance of community participation through Village Community Institutions (Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa/LKD). However, the implementation of these institutions in practice has not always functioned effectively. This study aims to analyze the role of village community institutions in supporting village development and to identify the factors that influence their effectiveness in Oematamboli Village, Lobalain District, Rote Ndao Regency. This research employs an empirical legal research method with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews and field observations involving village government officials, community institution administrators, and community leaders, while secondary data were obtained from documents and relevant regulations. The results indicate that the functions of LKD, including the Community Empowerment Institution (LPM), Neighborhood Associations (RT), and Community Associations (RW), have not been implemented optimally in supporting village development. This condition is reflected in the limited participation of LKD in development planning, weak absorption of community aspirations, and low community participation in development activities. Several factors influencing this condition include limited human resource capacity, inadequate infrastructure, low community participation, and limited development funding. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, improving coordination, and increasing community participation are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of village development.

This kind of research can reveal a purpose, namely to be able to carry out an analysis of the important role of the government together with the community in realizing policies to combat corruption of village funds. It is necessary to understand that village funds have been made one of the government's priority programs in order to increase the level of prosperity of rural communities and village development through the Village Law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify policy solutions provided by the government and the community to prevent corruption of village funds. This study utilizes a literature study method through a qualitative approach that can be used to assess the role of the government and the community in implementing policies to combat corruption of village funds as an effort to uphold the integrity of the village administration system. Meanwhile, the research data sources obtained came from secondary data, which included the collection of scientific journals in the last five years, reading books in the last ten years, reports in the mass media, and government regulations. The findings of this study describe that the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has identified several loopholes that are often exploited by village officials in misappropriating Village Funds. Then there were 98 cases of corruption that caused the state to lose up to Rp. 37.2 billion. This creates an urgency for the government and the community to play a role in creating village regulations that are capable of overcoming corruption of village funds.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of accountability and transparency in the management of the Village Budget (APBDesa) in Sintuwulemba Village, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, is carried out. The researcher used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews as the research method. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with three key informants consisting of the village secretary, the village treasurer, and the Village Consultative Body. The research findings indicate that the Sintuwulemba village government has applied the principle of accountability in the management of village funds. This is evident from the planning, implementation, administration, and accountability processes that are open, involving the community in every process. In terms of transparency, the Sintuwulemba village government has applied the principle of transparency where every village development policy and the use of village finances always go through the village deliberation stage. These two principals have made Sintuwulemba Village one of the successful villages in implementing village development and good village fund management in Poso Regency. These steps are also those that need to be emulated by other villages in Poso Regency and its surroundings.

Tourism plays a crucial role in regional development, not only in terms of the economy but also in enhancing the social and cultural quality of the community. Mojokerto Regency, particularly Pacet District, has significant natural tourism potential, one of which is Camping Outdoor Dolanan (COD) Tegal Klopo. This study aims to examine the role of the Village Government in community development through the utilization of this tourism potential. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this study include the village head, BUMDes managers, tourism site managers, and local residents. The results of the study show that the Village Government plays a strategic role in designing and implementing tourism development programs in the village. The Village Government not only plays a role in building synergy between BUMDes and the community but also actively plans promotional strategies that can attract tourists to visit COD Tegal Klopo. Additionally, the Village Government also plays a role in raising community awareness about the importance of maintaining the sustainability of the environment and local culture so that this tourism can provide long-term benefits for the village. However, this tourism development faces several challenges, such as limited facilities and a lack of trained human resources to professionally manage the tourism destination. Despite these challenges, the development of COD Tegal Klopo tourism has shown positive impacts on the local economy, with an increase in income from the tourism sector. Moreover, this tourism also helps preserve local culture and encourages active community participation in the village development process. With continued support from the Village Government, it is expected that this tourism development will continue to grow, provide greater economic benefits, and preserve local culture and the environment for a better future.

This research is motivated by the importance of synergy between the village government and the community in supporting local potential-based development. Kampung Nusantara, as one of the innovative programs in Cintakarya Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency, requires solid cooperation between both parties for effective and sustainable village development. However, in its implementation, collaboration between the village government and the community still faces various challenges that hinder the optimization of Kampung Nusantara development. The problem raised in this research is the suboptimal collaboration between the village government and the community in Kampung Nusantara development. This study aims to explore and analyze the factors that influence this collaboration, as well as to provide recommendations for improving the effectiveness of this collaboration. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and analysis of related documents. The findings of this study reveal that collaboration between the village government and the community in Cintakarya Village is still not running systematically and structured. Obstacles faced include a lack of coordination between the government and the community, the absence of regulations that clearly regulate the roles of each party, and limited human resource capacity in implementing the program. Nevertheless, there have been positive efforts, including the establishment of joint communication forums, capacity-building training, and support from external programs implemented by supporting institutions. This study recommends increasing the intensity of communication between village governments and communities, clarifying the roles and responsibilities of each party, and strengthening village institutions to achieve more effective collaboration. Furthermore, improving human resource capacity and establishing clear regulations are crucial to supporting the sustainability of the Kampung Nusantara program in the future.

This study focuses on the importance of synergy between village government and communities in supporting local potential-based development. Kampung Nusantara, an innovative program in Cintakarya Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency, requires solid cooperation between the village government and the community for effective and sustainable village development. However, in practice, collaboration between the two parties has not been optimal. The main problem identified in this study is the lack of coordination between the village government and the community. This is due to the absence of regulations that clearly define the roles of each party and the limited capacity of existing human resources. As a result, the existing collaboration has not been systematic and has not fully supported the achievement of Kampung Nusantara's development goals. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study approach in Cintakarya Village. The findings of this study indicate that despite several obstacles, there are still positive efforts to improve collaboration between the village government and the community. Some of these efforts include the establishment of a joint communication forum, capacity building training, and program support from external partner institutions that play a role in supporting village development. This study recommends several steps to improve this collaboration, including increasing communication between the village government and the community, clarifying the roles and responsibilities of each party, and strengthening village institutions. This is expected to foster more effective collaboration, which in turn will support the achievement of sustainable development goals in Kampung Nusantara, Cintakarya Village. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening human resource capacity at both the village government and community levels.

This research analyzes the adaptive capabilities of Ponggok Village Government in responding to the changes brought by Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, using the Dynamic Governance framework developed by Neo and Chen. Employing a qualitative method through focus group discussions, interviews, and document analysis, the study investigates the village government’s capacity in thinking ahead, thinking again, and thinking across. Findings show that Ponggok Village successfully adapted to legal reforms by implementing participatory planning, institutional innovation through BUMDes, human resource development, and digital governance. These adaptive efforts demonstrate a responsive and future-oriented local governance model supported by competent actors and agile processes. The case of Ponggok Village illustrates how dynamic capabilities can transform regulatory changes into opportunities for sustainable development.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of village fund expenditure in Kedamean Village, Kedamean District, Gresik Regency in 2025. The approach used is qualitative with descriptive methods, through in-depth interviews with the Village Head, Treasurer, and Village Consultative Body, as well as analysis of official documents such as budget realization reports and Village Budget Work Plans. The results of the study indicate that village fund expenditure in Kedamean Village is classified as very effective which has followed the principles of transparency and accountability according to regulations, but several obstacles are still found such as inconsistencies between planning and implementation, limited capacity of village officials, and less than optimal realization of development programs and community empowerment. This study recommends strengthening the capacity of village officials, increasing community participation, and optimizing internal and external supervision to increase the effectiveness of village fund expenditure in order to achieve sustainable village development and improve community welfare.