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The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

Digital transformation has become an essential approach for MSMEs to improve their operational efficiency and market competitiveness. This research investigates the acceptance of electronic payment systems among MSMEs using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to MSME respondents and analyzed using the bootstrapping technique to evaluate the significance of variable relationships. The findings reveal that Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) has a significant impact on both Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Attitude Toward Using (ATU). Moreover, PU and ATU exert positive influences on Behavioral Intention (BI), with R² values of 0.65 for ATU and 0.71 for BI. These results suggest that the perceived ease of use and usefulness of electronic payment systems play a crucial role in shaping MSMEs’ attitudes and intentions toward adopting digital technologies. This study offers insights for formulating effective digital transformation strategies for MSMEs through the implementation of electronic payment systems.

MoriGe is a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) located in Oebufu Village, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, which was established in 2020. This MSME has a main focus on the production of processed food and beverages made from Moringa and Sorghum, two local food commodities that are known to have high nutritional value and extraordinary health benefits and are still rarely found in the market but these plants thrive in the land of NTT. Through an Innovation-based approach, MoriGe continues to be committed to processing Moringa and Sorghum into Quality products that are not only delicious but also provide health benefits. MoriGe products made from Moringa and Sorghum are designed to meet the needs of the modern market for healthy food with local flavors. This commitment is in line with MoriGe’s goal to increase the competitiveness of local products in the global market while supporting the economic development of surrounding communities, especially local farmers, and also participating in programs to reduce stunting in NTT, so that MoriGe has more value as a brand in the eyes of a wide audience.

Motivation is the drive in life to achieve one of the motivations in one's life, namely work motivation. This study aims to analyze how much motivation traders have and analyze the influence of motivation on the performance of several traders in Surakarta City. The data collection method used in this study was with field interviews sourced from 7 traders in Surakarta City as a sample. The results of respondents' research were defined based on gender, age, length of business, turnover per day and motivation in trading. There is a picture of the motivation of traders in the high category. Based on the results of interviews, it can be seen that the 7 speakers consisted of 4 men and 3 women. On average, 7 interviewees have been trading for more than a year. Some traders settle in place, some go around. Various work motivations include meeting daily food needs, family needs, the desire to succeed, personal goals that want to be implemented immediately. So with some of these motivations, traders are enthusiastic about working their days.