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Disputes over unpaid insurance claims are a problem that frequently arises in insurance practice and can harm consumers both financially and psychologically, while also reducing public trust in the insurance industry. Such disputes are generally triggered by differing interpretations of policy provisions, alleged breaches of the good-faith principle, and administrative obstacles, which ultimately lead to civil conflicts between the insured and the insurer. To provide access to dispute resolution that is faster, fairer, and more affordable than litigation, the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) established the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution for the Financial Services Sector (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan/LAPS SJK) through OJK Regulation No. 61/POJK.07/2020. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving disputes over unpaid insurance claims through LAPS SJK and to assess its effectiveness in providing legal protection and legal certainty for consumers. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, through an examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to contracts, insurance, consumer protection, and alternative dispute resolution. The findings show that LAPS SJK has the authority to handle civil disputes in the financial services sector, including insurance disputes, provided that the parties have a written agreement and have first pursued internal dispute resolution (Internal Dispute Resolution/IDR). Dispute resolution at LAPS SJK is conducted through mediation and arbitration. Mediation is facilitated by a mediator to encourage the parties to reach a settlement agreement, which may be reinforced into a Deed of Settlement (Akta Perdamaian) that is final, binding, and enforceable. If mediation fails, arbitration offers a more determinative resolution through a final and binding award that can be enforced after being registered with the District Court. Overall, LAPS SJK is considered effective because its procedures are structured, time-bound, and provide a fee waiver for mediation in retail and small-claim cases up to IDR 750,000,000. However, its effectiveness remains conditional, as it depends on the existence of a written agreement between the parties, the obligation to undergo IDR, and good faith in the mediation process.

The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of theft committed by 15-year-old adolescents in market environments, which creates tension between criminal law enforcement and the principle of child protection in the Indonesian legal system. The study aims to analyze the legal regulations of theft under the old Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 1946), the new Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023), and the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law; to examine the criminal liability of adolescents from the perspective of criminal law theory; and to review the implementation of restorative justice and diversion. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, particularly reviewing the provisions of Article 591 of the new Criminal Code, the theory of fault, and the principle of proportionality. The results indicate that the criminal liability of children must take into account psychological limitations, maturity levels, and criminogenic factors, including the influence of the social environment. Furthermore, the mens rea element in the phrase "known or reasonably suspected" is difficult to apply in practice to transactions involving small losses, as price reasonableness can obscure indications of malicious intent. This finding affirms that imposing criminal penalties on children in cases of petty theft potentially contradicts the principles of ultimum remedium and proportionality. Therefore, law enforcement should prioritize diversion, mediation, and restorative justice approaches by involving families and communities to achieve substantive justice and prevent excessive criminalization of children.

This study analyzes the construction of criminal liability in the crime of handling stolen goods, focusing on situations where the perpetrator purchases or receives goods without knowing they are the result of a crime, especially when the economic value is relatively small, i.e., below Rp5,000,000. This normative study uses a legislative approach by examining Article 591 of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (KUHP), as well as a conceptual approach to the theory of fault (schuld) and the principle of proportionality. The study's findings show that in transactions involving low-value goods, proving the subjective element of "knowing or should have known" becomes highly problematic because the element of intent (dolus) is often not met without objective suspicious indications. The concept of price fairness plays a key role as the primary indicator of normal transactions and weakens the assumption that the perpetrator should suspect the illegal origin of the goods. This study recommends that law enforcement consider using non-criminal mechanisms, such as restitution or mediation, to achieve substantive justice and avoid excessive criminalization.

The family is the smallest unit in society, within which rights and obligations exist as in social life in general. In fulfilling individual needs and interests, conflicts often arise, including disputes over inheritance distribution. Inheritance refers to the property left behind by a deceased person, which must be distributed to entitled heirs in accordance with Islamic law or customary law applicable within the community. Problems frequently emerge regarding the position of substitute heirs, particularly nephews, within the Islamic inheritance system. This study entitled “Various Aspects of Family Law in Indonesia: The Problematics of the Position of Nephews as Substitute Heirs in Islamic Law” aims to examine the status of substitute heirs in inheritance distribution and to identify the conditions under which substitute heirs are recognized in Islamic law. The research employs a normative method with a library-based approach, analyzing classical fiqh literature and scholarly opinions. The data consist of primary and secondary sources collected through document study. The findings indicate that a substitute heir is recognized when the primary heir dies after the testator but before the inheritance has been distributed, allowing the substitute heir to receive the share in accordance with Islamic legal provisions.

The national priority program of 12 years of compulsory education is a strategic effort by the government to improve the quality and equity of education, particularly at the secondary education level. This program is supported by the School Operational Assistance (BOS) and the Indonesia Smart Program (PIP). The PIP funds are used to meet the educational needs of students, such as purchasing books, stationery, uniforms, and transportation costs. The goal of providing PIP is to reduce the financial burden of education, decrease school dropout rates, and increase access to quality education. This study examines the effectiveness of PIP in promoting educational equity in Indonesia and evaluates the alignment of government policies related to beneficiaries, implementation, and monitoring of PIP. The method used is a literature review for public policy evaluation in the field of education. The findings show that PIP has successfully increased educational participation, as reflected in the improvement of the School Participation Rate (APS), Gross Participation Rate (APK), and Net Participation Rate (APM). PIP also expands educational access for children from low-income families. However, its implementation faces challenges such as bureaucratic obstacles, misidentification of recipients, low parental administrative literacy, and delays in the distribution of assistance in 3T regions (frontline, outermost, and underdeveloped).

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency, implemented by the Communication and Informatics Office (Diskominfo). This program is part of the local government's digital transformation to create a smart, inclusive, and adaptive society to the development of information technology. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, and data is obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The analysis is conducted using Charles O. Jones's theory of public policy implementation, which includes three main components: organization, interpretation, and implementation. The results show that organizationally, Diskominfo has a supportive structure and relatively competent human resources, although there are still limitations in the mastery of digital technology among employees. From an interpretation perspective, the digital literacy strategy is implemented through public education, hoax prevention, digital content provision, and social media utilization. Meanwhile, in terms of implementation, supervision is carried out through monitoring, regular reporting, the use of digital applications, and evaluation forums. Some obstacles faced include budget limitations, the digital divide between regions, uneven technological infrastructure, and the lack of specific evaluation indicators. Nevertheless, improvement efforts continue through human resource training, optimization of digital facilities and infrastructure, and cross-sector synergy. This study concludes that the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency has been quite successful, but still requires strengthening human resources, evaluation policies, and equitable digital access in rural areas.

This study aims to analyze the authority structure between the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) and Regional Governments in managing coastal areas through marine spatial utilization following the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law. The main instrument studied is the Confirmation of Conformity of Marine Spatial Utilization Activities (KKPRL), which functions as a licensing instrument and a control mechanism to ensure that marine spatial utilization activities remain directed, integrated, and aligned with the principles of ecological, social, and economic sustainability. The research approach used is a juridical-empirical approach with a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Through this approach, the research not only examines legal norms but also captures the practice of implementing authority in the field. The results show that although the Job Creation Law is oriented towards simplifying business licensing, several problems remain that have implications for the effectiveness of coastal governance. These issues include disharmony between central and regional regulations, overlapping authority between the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKPRL) and regional governments, and weak synchronization between national policies and regional instruments such as the Coastal and Small Islands Zoning Plan (RZWP3K). In addition to regulatory constraints, this study also highlights institutional and technical aspects. Limited human resource capacity in the regions, a lack of understanding of KKPRL procedures, and minimal inter-agency coordination hamper the effectiveness of coastal management. These conditions result in slow investment realization, conflicts over spatial use, and potential coastal environmental degradation. Therefore, this study recommends a strategy for harmonizing authority through improving vertical-horizontal coordination, strengthening the institutional capacity of regional governments, and developing derivative regulations consistent with the principles of good governance.

People's Business Credit (KUR) is a financing program distributed by the government through banking institutions, including Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cooperatives. In its implementation, KUR credit is not free from various problems, one of which is non-performing loans. This study aims to determine the factors causing non-performing loans and efforts to resolve them in KUR loans at Bank BRI Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data sources derived from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques were conducted through direct interviews with relevant parties. The results show that the main causes of non-performing loans are divided into two major factors. First, external factors, namely those originating from the customer. This problem is generally related to the customer's inability to pay installments due to business failure. Second, internal factors, such as the failure of creditworthiness analysis by bank officers, resulting in prospective debtors who are actually unworthy actually receiving loans. In resolving non-performing loans, BRI Bank's Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit, applies five main methods: (1) changing the loan interest rate, (2) reducing fines or penalties, (3) reducing the outstanding principal, (4) extending the loan term, and (5) selling collateral. Additionally, there are also settlement methods that involve a combination of these five methods, depending on the debtor's circumstances and the agreement between the two parties.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

Electronic money laundering has become a critical issue as a form of cybercrime. Advances in technology demonstrate that digital forensic applications, particularly those utilizing smartphones, can be employed to uncover digital traces of money laundering transactions. This study aims to analyze the relevance of existing legal frameworks, the effectiveness of smartphone forensic techniques, and the challenges faced in their implementation in Indonesia. Based on a review of the literature and regulatory analysis, it was found that legal frameworks such as UU No. 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering (TPPU) and UU No. 19 of 2016 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) provide an adequate legal foundation. However, gaps in implementation, such as limited human and technological resources, remain significant obstacles. Forensic techniques, including metadata analysis and device extraction, have shown great potential in identifying the flow of illicit funds. Nonetheless, their application is hindered by data confidentiality and the lack of uniform technical standards. Given the increasing complexity of digital crimes, an integrated approach is required, combining regulatory strengthening with technological capacity building, to enhance the effectiveness of smartphone forensics in addressing electronic money laundering.

Competition law is an important instrument in maintaining healthy and fair market dynamics, especially in the era of globalization marked by increasingly competitive economic growth. This article discusses how business competition takes place at the regional level, with particular attention to the obstacles faced by small entrepreneurs in facing the dominance of established companies. The competition that emerges is not only limited to price issues, but also involves difficulties in accessing capital, distribution networks, technology, and unfavorable regulations. Existing companies generally have strong structural strengths and networks, which create major barriers for new entrants. In addition, there are signs of unfair competitive practices that can threaten the survival of small businesses. However, advances in technology and digitalization are opening up new avenues for small entrepreneurs to enter the market and establish direct relationships with customers. This article aims to identify various forms of business competition at the local level, analyze the opportunities and challenges that exist, and develop strategies that encourage the creation of a healthy and inclusive competitive environment for the sustainability of local economic growth.

The growth of the digital marketplace presents both opportunities and challenges for MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) in protecting their trademarks. This study aims to analyze the legal protections against trademark infringement of local products in the digital marketplace, identify the challenges faced by MSMEs, and formulate effective preventive and repressive strategies. The research employs a normative-empirical approach, analyzing Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), and a case study of the MSME MoriGe. The findings reveal that while Indonesia's legal framework for trademark protection is adequate, its implementation faces obstacles such as low awareness among MSMEs regarding trademark registration, slow law enforcement, and the complexity of infringements in the digital space. This study recommends proactive trademark registration, enhanced collaboration with digital platforms, and widespread legal outreach to MSMEs. The research findings are expected to contribute to strengthening legal protections for local product trademarks in the digital era.

The research aims to find out the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers in increasing student awareness of the impact of bullying behavior at SMA Negeri 1 Pebayuran, Bekasi Regency, West Java. The research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews. The informants in this study consisted of six people, namely the deputy principal for curriculum, two PPKn teachers, and three students (one male and two female). The interviews were conducted directly to obtain in-depth information about the role of PPKn teachers in educating and forming students' awareness of the negative impact of bullying. The results of the study show that PPKn teachers have an important role in improving students' understanding of human values, tolerance, and justice. These values are the basis for responding to and preventing bullying behavior in the school environment. PPKn teachers not only convey material theoretically but also instill moral values in students' daily lives.

MoriGe is a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) located in Oebufu Village, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, which was established in 2020. This MSME has a main focus on the production of processed food and beverages made from Moringa and Sorghum, two local food commodities that are known to have high nutritional value and extraordinary health benefits and are still rarely found in the market but these plants thrive in the land of NTT. Through an Innovation-based approach, MoriGe continues to be committed to processing Moringa and Sorghum into Quality products that are not only delicious but also provide health benefits. MoriGe products made from Moringa and Sorghum are designed to meet the needs of the modern market for healthy food with local flavors. This commitment is in line with MoriGe’s goal to increase the competitiveness of local products in the global market while supporting the economic development of surrounding communities, especially local farmers, and also participating in programs to reduce stunting in NTT, so that MoriGe has more value as a brand in the eyes of a wide audience.

The SIAP application (Presence Activation Information System) has been implemented at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency since 2022. Although good attendance has been the first step, it also requires optimal bureaucratic performance as an effort to achieve institutional goals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the use of the SIAP Application (Presence Activation Information System) has an influence on employee performance at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM). This study used quantitative methods and involved the entire population, namely 38 employees of the Civil Service and Human Resources Development Agency. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires to all BKPSDM employees as respondents, documentation and observation. The results of the analysis using the T test show that the significant value (0.002) is smaller than the probability of 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which means "The use of the SIAP application has an influence on employee performance (Y)." Although the SIAP Application Usage Variable (X) and the Employee Performance Variable (Y) are related, respondents' responses show some shortcomings related to the use of the SIAP Application (Presence Activation Information System), such as unstable network access constraints. Nevertheless, good attendance still has a positive effect on improving employee performance. Employee Performance Evaluation shows deficiencies in the indicators of Quality, Quantity, Timeliness, and Independence.

In the era of digitalization like this, and in the realm of the process of finding the identity of a teenager, it is very easy for teenagers to be affected by many good and bad things by the surrounding environment. The problem that is often faced by teenagers is mental health where there are many causes and consequences that can trigger this to happen. Because of this problem, teenagers lack an understanding of self-love or love themselves. Self love has the meaning of a feeling where we feel confident and proud of our own abilities without attaching importance to the opinions of others by involving aspects of self-awareness, self-confidence, and caring for ourselves. Looking at the reality, this article uses qualitative methods and literature studies in answering these problems. In the interview that we have conducted to 7 existing resource persons and contain active high school teenagers based in the city of Surakarta. With the hope that the interview that has been done can help some and even all speakers about the importance of 'self love' for themselves. With the results we get in several existing aspects such as self awareness, self care, self esteem and in the 7th self worth aspect, the informant has a fairly good and high percentage. Even though in the aspect of self esteem at the same time it is still wrapped in a sense of insecurity.

This research examines the relationship between the ability to control the emotions of Sukoharjo Police members and their level of public service orientation. Respondents involved members of the Sukoharjo Police with an age range of 18 to 57 years. The type of research is quantitative. Data was collected through a questionnaire that included sample characteristics based on age. Test data requirements include tests of validity, reliability, normality and classical assumptions. The validity test results show a number of valid questions in the variables of emotional control and public service orientation. The reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha confirms that the two variables are reliable. The normality test shows that the data is normally distributed. Classic assumption tests such as linearity and heteroscedasticity tests provide results that support the validity of regression analysis. The simple linear hypothesis test resulted in a significance value (Sig.) of 0.000 and this is smaller than 0.05. So it can be concluded that emotional control has a significant effect on public service orientation. This shows that emotional control has a significant effect on public service orientation.

White collar crime is increasingly prevalent in various corporate sectors and causes significant financial losses and damage to public trust. This type of crime includes embezzlement of funds, manipulation of financial statements, bribery, insider trading in the capital market, and theft of customer personal data. Although it occurs a lot, the prevention of white collar crime is still not optimal and the perpetrators are rarely prosecuted properly. This paper aims to analyze the various determinants that influence the occurrence of white collar crime in order to formulate policy recommendations and prevention strategies in the future. A systematic approach is used by applying the fraud triangle theory which focuses on the three main elements that cause fraud, namely pressure, opportunity and rationalization. The results of the study show that pressure to meet high performance targets and large bonuses often encourage individuals to commit fraud. Meanwhile, weak supervision and lack of transparency create opportunities for fraud. Perpetrators also often justify their actions, for example by assuming that they will not be caught or the value of the loss is small. The complexity of modern corporate operations also increases opportunities for white-collar crime. Effective prevention efforts must be comprehensive by involving various parties and strengthening a number of aspects as controls. The role of internal and external supervisors (auditors) of companies needs to be continuously improved, supported by modem fraud detection technology tools. Whistleblowing mechanisms need to be strengthened in every company and kept confidential to encourage early reporting of fraud indications.

This research aims to evaluate the Tanjungpinang City Environmental Service's policy towards preventing Tanjungpinang City Landfill Waste. Tanjungpinang City is the capital of the Riau Islands province which will be used as a tourist city in the Riau Islands. However, to make this happen, one of the tasks of the Tanjung Pinang city government is to solve the waste problem in the city of Tanjung Pinang, especially the old city of Tanjung Pinang, which is a slum area that has the largest area among other slum settlements in Tanjung Pinang. The research method uses a descriptive approach which is a method that used to describe a phenomenon or event by relying on data and facts found in the field. The purpose of qualitative research with a descriptive approach is to explain and describe phenomena and their characteristics, as well as having a greater tendency towards how it is implemented or the reasons why something happens. The results of the research show that evaluation is very important so that steps are taken so that the policies made are not arbitrary. -To do this, there must be an appropriate regulatory basis in order to get maximum results because sea cleanliness is the main milestone in the Riau Archipelago, where almost 100% of the Riau Archipelago is sea and is a maritime area, therefore the importance of awareness by both the public and the government so that the economy which is based on the needs of communities in coastal areas and small islands as an effort to empower communities to increase community participation and capacity in coastal and small island management, especially in the field of dealing with coastal and marine waste pollution.