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The establishment of the age limit for children up to 18 years in Indonesian law is a normative instrument that aims to ensure legal certainty and child protection. This provision is adopted in various laws and regulations as a form of the state's commitment to fulfilling children's rights. However, in law enforcement practice, the application of this age limit often causes problems when faced with the dynamics of actual cases that reveal a discrepancy between the normative age and the social, psychological, and factual conditions of the child. This condition creates tension between the legal-formal approach that emphasizes legal certainty and the need for substantive justice oriented towards the best interests of the child. This study aims to analyze the problems of applying the age limit of 18 years in the context of actual cases and to examine how the tension between legal certainty and the reality of children is reflected in law enforcement practices in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, as well as normative qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the rigid application of the age limit for children has the potential to ignore the contextual aspects of children and give rise to inconsistencies in practice. Therefore, a more contextual legal approach is needed through strengthening the discretion of law enforcement officials and progressive interpretation by judges in order to achieve substantive justice and optimal protection for children.

Quarter life crisis is a phase of identit, emotional, and life purpose crisis commonly experienced during early adulthood, especially when faced with pressure related to life achievements, employment, and social expectations. this study aims to describe the dynamics of quarter lufe crisis experienced by unemployed Javanese young adults. a qualitative approach using a case study method was employed to understand the participants subjective experiences. Data were collected through in depth interview with three informants aged 18-29 ears, residing in Central Java, who were currently unemployed. The findings show that these young Javanese individuals tend to experience symptoms of quarter life crisis such as anxiety about the future, feelings of worthlessness, social pressure from family and surroundings, and confusion about life direction. Moreover, the patriarchal nature of Javanese culture adds further pressure on the informants. This study concludes that the quarter life crisis among Javanese young adults has unique characteristics shaped by cultural context and socioeconomic conditions. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing more culturally contextual psychological interventions and contribute to cross cultural studies on early adulthood development.

In this article, sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools is discussed in relation to human rights violations. Many incidents show the practice of sexual violence involving officials, even though Islamic boarding schools are considered educational institutions that instill moral and religious values. The purpose of this study is to determine the types of human rights violations, the factors that cause sexual violence, and the function of Islamic boarding schools in preventing and implementing efforts to protect victims. This study uses a qualitative method using case studies and literature analysis. The results of the study indicate that verbal, physical, and psychological violence are forms of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools. These incidents are influenced by patriarchal cultural norms, unequal power dynamics, and lack of supervision from outside parties. Victims suffer greatly from the impact, both intellectually and mentally. Therefore, to provide a safe and free learning environment from sexual violence, a comprehensive strategy is needed that involves the rule of law, increasing awareness of human rights, and providing psychosocial support to victims.