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The family is the smallest unit in society, within which rights and obligations exist as in social life in general. In fulfilling individual needs and interests, conflicts often arise, including disputes over inheritance distribution. Inheritance refers to the property left behind by a deceased person, which must be distributed to entitled heirs in accordance with Islamic law or customary law applicable within the community. Problems frequently emerge regarding the position of substitute heirs, particularly nephews, within the Islamic inheritance system. This study entitled “Various Aspects of Family Law in Indonesia: The Problematics of the Position of Nephews as Substitute Heirs in Islamic Law” aims to examine the status of substitute heirs in inheritance distribution and to identify the conditions under which substitute heirs are recognized in Islamic law. The research employs a normative method with a library-based approach, analyzing classical fiqh literature and scholarly opinions. The data consist of primary and secondary sources collected through document study. The findings indicate that a substitute heir is recognized when the primary heir dies after the testator but before the inheritance has been distributed, allowing the substitute heir to receive the share in accordance with Islamic legal provisions.

This study analyzes the construction of criminal liability in the crime of handling stolen goods, focusing on situations where the perpetrator purchases or receives goods without knowing they are the result of a crime, especially when the economic value is relatively small, i.e., below Rp5,000,000. This normative study uses a legislative approach by examining Article 591 of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (KUHP), as well as a conceptual approach to the theory of fault (schuld) and the principle of proportionality. The study's findings show that in transactions involving low-value goods, proving the subjective element of "knowing or should have known" becomes highly problematic because the element of intent (dolus) is often not met without objective suspicious indications. The concept of price fairness plays a key role as the primary indicator of normal transactions and weakens the assumption that the perpetrator should suspect the illegal origin of the goods. This study recommends that law enforcement consider using non-criminal mechanisms, such as restitution or mediation, to achieve substantive justice and avoid excessive criminalization.