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This article examines the complex interactions between the military and civil society in regions affected by conflict, approached from a sociological-legal perspective. The study seeks to understand how military power influences civil society, the ways in which legal and social legitimacy are established, and how local communities respond to military presence and control. Employing a qualitative case-study methodology, the research utilized in-depth interviews with community members and military personnel, extensive field observations, and detailed analysis of relevant legal documents. The findings reveal that military power structures significantly impact civil rights, security, and social dynamics, with interactions ranging from cooperative engagement to open conflict. Furthermore, the legitimacy of military actions is closely linked to factors such as operational performance, transparency, accountability, and social acceptance by local populations. Based on these insights, the article argues for the importance of improving communication channels between military forces and communities, integrating formal legal frameworks with local norms and practices, and actively involving community members in security and governance programs. These measures are proposed as strategies to enhance the legitimacy of military operations, reduce conflict, and promote long-term social stability. The study contributes to the broader understanding of civil-military relations by highlighting the sociological and legal dimensions of military influence in conflict-affected areas.

Land conversion associated with renewable energy expansion generates profound socio-cultural transformations in agrarian communities. This study aims to analyze how wind power development reshapes agrarian identity, social capital configuration, and the meaning of land within rural society from an anthropology of development perspective. This research applies qualitative literature-based analysis supported by recent peer-reviewed scholarship on land use change, rural transformation, social capital, and political ecology. Conceptual synthesis integrates sustainable livelihood framework, identity negotiation theory, and energy landscape analysis to construct an interpretive analytical model. Findings indicate that agricultural land conversion produces deagrarianization, occupational shifts, and reconfiguration of social stratification. Land is redefined from a genealogical and productive space into infrastructure and investment asset. Social capital grounded in kinship networks, customary institutions, and local organizations functions as a resilience mechanism through risk redistribution, collective solidarity, and participatory negotiation. Energy landscapes restructure symbolic and material relations between community and territory, generating both hybrid identities and conflict dynamics. Inclusive governance determines whether renewable energy fosters adaptive transformation or deepens commodification and exclusion. Renewable energy transition in rural areas requires socio-cultural recognition beyond technical implementation. Integrating local identity, participatory governance, and community ownership strengthens just and sustainable transformation pathways.

The reform of Indonesia’s criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) marks a fundamental shift in the national criminal justice system, particularly through the formal recognition of the living law as law that lives within society. This article analyzes the correlation between living law and the principle of legality within the context of national criminal law reform. The study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to examine how the 2023 Criminal Code seeks to balance legal certainty with substantive justice. The findings indicate that the regulation of the principle of legality in Article 1 of the KUHP remains the primary foundation for ensuring the protection of individual rights and preventing arbitrary state actions. However, the recognition of living law under Article 2 of the KUHP expands the sources of criminal law beyond written statutes to include social values living within the community, insofar as they are consistent with Pancasila, general legal principles, and human rights. The relationship between the principle of legality and living law in the 2023 KUHP is not antagonistic but rather complementary and harmonious. Living law enriches the legality principle substantively through moral and social justice dimensions, while the legality principle serves as a normative safeguard to maintain legal certainty and prevent the abuse of power. Therefore, the integration of both principles reflects a new paradigm of Indonesian criminal law that is pluralistic, just, and civilized, reaffirming the nation’s legal politics grounded in Pancasila values and the principles of a democratic rule of law.

Gender inequality in Indonesian politics forms part of broader structural and cultural dynamics that shape women’s positions in the public sphere. In historical studies, the thought of R.A. Kartini is often interpreted primarily as a symbol of educational and moral emancipation, while the political dimension of her ideas receives limited attention. This study aims to examine Kartini’s political thought as reflected in her letters, positioning her as a political subject who articulated critiques of social structures, customary norms, and patriarchal power relations through non-formal means. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library-based research design. The data are derived from an analysis of Kartini’s letters compiled in Door Duisternis tot Licht and supported by relevant academic literature. A descriptive-analytical method with a thematic approach is employed to explore political ideas and discourses embedded in the texts. Kartini’s thought in this study is understood as a form of political awareness that extends beyond individual emancipation and relates to broader issues of women’s political participation. This research contributes to the study of women’s politics by offering a historical perspective that places women as political subjects.

This study aims to identify and analyze forms of social pathology in Haruki Murakami’s The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle. Employing a qualitative content analysis approach, the research examines how historical violence and trauma, abuse of power, and existential alienation are represented through the novel’s narrative structure, characters, and symbolic elements. The findings indicate that these three categories are interconnected, forming a systemic pattern of social dysfunction rooted in institutional failure, historical memory, and individual psychological pressure. The depiction of war highlights collective trauma, while both physical and symbolic forms of domination illustrate distorted power relations. Furthermore, the motif of alienation reflects the psychological consequences of social instability and disrupted interpersonal bonds. The study aligns with previous research on trauma and deviance in Murakami’s works and strengthens the view of literature as a critical medium for reflecting modern social conditions.

State institutions play a primary role in governing and exercising power within a country. Indonesia, as a unitary state with a republican system, regulates the state's institutional structure through the 1945 Constitution, which serves as the supreme legal basis and guideline for state administration. The function of state institutions is to ensure that all aspects of government are implemented in accordance with the principles of law, justice, and public welfare. The state is not only considered a legal entity but also a social entity with specific functions and logic. The state's objectives are directed at balancing government power and citizen rights and accommodating the interests of individuals and the wider community. Following the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia's institutional system underwent significant changes with the establishment of independent institutions that strengthen democracy, transparency, and accountability. Understanding the state's foundations, the requirements for formation, the form and system of government, and the relationships between institutions is crucial for maintaining Indonesia's constitutional order. Furthermore, public respect for state symbols and institutions contributes to strengthening unity and political stability, and realizing the ideals of a sovereign and prosperous nation.

The culture of patronage is a key characteristic of Indonesian political dynamics, having developed from the pre-colonial era to the contemporary democratic era. Despite decentralization and political reforms in Indonesia, patronage practices persist through relationships between political elites, bureaucracy, business actors, and communities, particularly at the local level. This study analyzes patronage using Pierre Bourdieu's Social Practice Theory framework, which emphasizes the interaction between habitus, capital, and the arena as factors shaping social practices. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through desk studies, which allows researchers to examine various academic literature to build a comprehensive conceptual analysis. The research findings indicate that internalized political habitus, the accumulation of economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital, and a competitive local political field are key elements in perpetuating patronage. Patronage is not merely a transactional political practice, but a social structure that is continuously reproduced and impacts the politicization of bureaucracy, the strengthening of oligarchy, power inequality, and the vulnerability of the poor to political manipulation. This research confirms that efforts to strengthen democracy in Indonesia require transformation of the political habitus of society, bureaucratic reform, and restrictions on the dominance of economic actors in the political arena to break the entrenched patron-client chain.

Notarial deeds as authentic instruments hold a crucial role in Indonesia’s civil law evidence system, providing perfect proof under Article 1868 of the Civil Code. However, in practice, such deeds are often denied by one party in court, raising debates about the certainty of their evidentiary power. This study examines the legal consequences of denying a notarial deed for the parties in litigation and the assurance of legal certainty for those holding such deeds. Using R. Soeroso’s Theory of Legal Consequences and Jan Michael Otto’s Theory of Legal Certainty, this normative juridical research employs statutory, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches, with literature-based data collection and interpretative legal analysis. The findings reveal that denial of a notarial deed may create new legal relationships, alter good-faith relations into disputes, and result in sanctions imposed by court rulings. Meanwhile, legal certainty remains guaranteed, as authentic deed regulations are clear, binding, and enforceable, serving as a guideline in resolving disputes and upholding sanctions.  

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in public policy networks as representatives of community interests, government partners, and advocacy actors. This study aims to analyze the role of NGOs in public policy networks in Garut Regency, as well as the challenges faced in increasing their contribution to policy formulation and implementation. The study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies of actors involved in the policy network. The results show that NGO involvement is still symbolic, power relations between actors are not yet equal, NGO institutional capacity is limited, and coordination within the policy network is less than optimal. The lack of regulatory support also weakens the position of NGOs in the public policy process. This study concludes that strengthening the role of NGOs through institutionalizing their involvement, developing regulations, increasing capacity, and establishing equal partnership patterns are important steps to improve the effectiveness of public policy networks in Garut Regency.

This study critically examines the construction and reproduction of authenticity norms and buffer standards in Indonesian TikTok users’ communication practices. Employing Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, the research explores how digital expressions—through captions, comments, and hashtags—reflect power relations, algorithmic logic, and social norms that operate subtly yet effectively. An analysis of five popular TikTok contents reveals that so-called “authentic” expression is not spontaneous honesty but rather a curated and performative construct aligned with algorithmic expectations and community aesthetics. The concept of the buffer standard refers to implicit symbolic boundaries that define which expressions are “acceptable” and which risk social or systemic rejection. The study concludes that freedom of expression in digital spaces like TikTok is always a product of negotiation between user agency, algorithmic pressure, cultural norms, and the commodification of identity.  

Deconstruction was introduced by a French philosopher born in Algeria, Jacques Derrida. This theory challenges the centralized and rounded mode of meaning as might be desired by the text or which is deliberately made clear by the logical relationship of the text. The “unspeakable” power of the text is the logic that is trivialized or underestimated as a secondary meaning that at times endangers the structure of the text or produces ambiguous paradoxes, which will erode the reader. Deconstruction aims to dismantle the Western metaphysical tradition such as Husserlin's phenomenology, Saussurean structuralism, structuralism. Derrida's deconstruction method is better known as metaphorical deconstruction. Metaphor here is not understood as an aspect of the expressive function of language but as an essential condition of speech. Metaphor represents one way of constructing discourse and strongly influences the understanding of various texts. Deconstruction is carried out on metaphorical texts composed by the author. Deconstruction can occur in the text itself or vice versa, we who deconstruct a text. In conclusion, deconstruction can be applied in everyday life by recognizing that other people's views on a topic and perspective may have different meanings from ours.

The phenomenon of victim blaming remains a serious issue in various cases of violence, including family conflicts. Children who experience physical, psychological, or neglect-related abuse often face not only violence but also social stigma that blames them for their circumstances. From a victimology perspective, victim blaming against children in family conflicts occurs due to factors such as patriarchal culture, power imbalances within the family, and a lack of legal awareness regarding children's rights. This study employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach to examine the phenomenon of victim blaming against children in family conflicts based on victimology theory. The findings reveal that victim blaming in family conflicts manifests in various forms, including justification of violence against children, minimization of the harm caused, and denial of the perpetrator's role. The psychological and social impacts of this phenomenon are extensive, leading to anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and difficulties in forming healthy social relationships. To address this issue, active involvement from families, educational institutions, and child protection organizations is crucial in providing education and advocacy for children's rights. Additionally, victimology perspectives can be utilized to develop policies that support victims, prevent the recurrence of family violence, and minimize the practice of victim blaming against children.