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The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

People's Business Credit (KUR) is a financing program distributed by the government through banking institutions, including Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cooperatives. In its implementation, KUR credit is not free from various problems, one of which is non-performing loans. This study aims to determine the factors causing non-performing loans and efforts to resolve them in KUR loans at Bank BRI Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data sources derived from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques were conducted through direct interviews with relevant parties. The results show that the main causes of non-performing loans are divided into two major factors. First, external factors, namely those originating from the customer. This problem is generally related to the customer's inability to pay installments due to business failure. Second, internal factors, such as the failure of creditworthiness analysis by bank officers, resulting in prospective debtors who are actually unworthy actually receiving loans. In resolving non-performing loans, BRI Bank's Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit, applies five main methods: (1) changing the loan interest rate, (2) reducing fines or penalties, (3) reducing the outstanding principal, (4) extending the loan term, and (5) selling collateral. Additionally, there are also settlement methods that involve a combination of these five methods, depending on the debtor's circumstances and the agreement between the two parties.

This study explores the role and relevance of Islamic political economy within the context of Indonesia's economic system, particularly in addressing wealth distribution inequality and the fulfillment of basic societal needs. The study employs a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods to examine the relationship between Islamic economic principles such as justice, balance, and social responsibility and national economic policies. The findings reveal a philosophical alignment between Islamic economic values and Indonesia’s foundational principles, especially Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. However, the implementation of these principles remains limited, often confined to microeconomic aspects like Islamic financial institutions. Islamic political parties play a significant role in advocating for sharia-compliant economic policies but face challenges in reconciling Islamic values with a pluralistic democratic system. The study highlights the need for broader public education, strong political commitment, and digital innovation to fully realize the potential of Islamic economics in building a just, inclusive, and sustainable national economy.

The growth of the digital marketplace presents both opportunities and challenges for MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) in protecting their trademarks. This study aims to analyze the legal protections against trademark infringement of local products in the digital marketplace, identify the challenges faced by MSMEs, and formulate effective preventive and repressive strategies. The research employs a normative-empirical approach, analyzing Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), and a case study of the MSME MoriGe. The findings reveal that while Indonesia's legal framework for trademark protection is adequate, its implementation faces obstacles such as low awareness among MSMEs regarding trademark registration, slow law enforcement, and the complexity of infringements in the digital space. This study recommends proactive trademark registration, enhanced collaboration with digital platforms, and widespread legal outreach to MSMEs. The research findings are expected to contribute to strengthening legal protections for local product trademarks in the digital era.

Service quality is the level of excellence or specialty of a service that can meet the needs and expectations of the community. Public service is an activity carried out by the government and other institutions to meet the needs of community services in accordance with laws and regulations. This service can be in the form of public goods, public services, and/or administrative services. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of service in issuing Business Identification Numbers for micro businesses at the Pekanbaru City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office and its supporting and inhibiting factors. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use interviews. Data analysis in this study was carried out using qualitative descriptive. The results of the study explain that the quality of service is already in the good category which is assessed from the transparency in the services provided where there is openness in the service process, services that are in accordance with the rules and there is ease in the service process. The principle of accountability in improving service quality to ensure that each service can be accounted for and provide services in accordance with the conditions that have been set. Community participation in improving services has been carried out well by providing services according to rights and balance. Supporting factors in improving service quality include the ability of employees to serve, the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure, and the development of a better service system as part of improving services. While inhibiting factors include increased supervision and complicated bureaucracy in efforts to improve services.

MoriGe is a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) located in Oebufu Village, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, which was established in 2020. This MSME has a main focus on the production of processed food and beverages made from Moringa and Sorghum, two local food commodities that are known to have high nutritional value and extraordinary health benefits and are still rarely found in the market but these plants thrive in the land of NTT. Through an Innovation-based approach, MoriGe continues to be committed to processing Moringa and Sorghum into Quality products that are not only delicious but also provide health benefits. MoriGe products made from Moringa and Sorghum are designed to meet the needs of the modern market for healthy food with local flavors. This commitment is in line with MoriGe’s goal to increase the competitiveness of local products in the global market while supporting the economic development of surrounding communities, especially local farmers, and also participating in programs to reduce stunting in NTT, so that MoriGe has more value as a brand in the eyes of a wide audience.