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The development of information and communication technology (ICT), particularly the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data, has transformed Indonesia's national security threat landscape. Threats that previously focused on traditional military aspects have now shifted to non-traditional cyber threats, such as cyberattacks, digital espionage, and infrastructure sabotage. According to PROXSIS IT GRC data, in 2024, more than 19 million cyberattacks were recorded against websites in Indonesia. While this figure is a decrease compared to the previous year, this trend is thought to reflect a shift towards more structured and organized tactics by threat actors. In response, the Indonesian government established the National Cybersecurity Action Plan 2024–2028 as a strategic guideline. Furthermore, cyber diplomacy is being promoted through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, for example through the signing of memorandums of understanding (MoUs) with the UK and Kaspersky. This cooperation includes the exchange of intelligence information, strengthening human resource capacity, raising public awareness regarding cybersecurity, and protecting critical information infrastructure. This study uses non-traditional security theory and defense diplomacy to analyze the strategies, challenges, and prospects of Indonesia's cyber policy. The analysis demonstrates that cyber defense diplomacy plays a crucial role as an instrument for integrating technology, regulation, and international collaboration in safeguarding digital sovereignty. In addition to strengthening threat detection and mitigation capabilities, this diplomacy also builds networks of trust with partner nations, which is essential amidst the increasing complexity of global threats. Therefore, in the era of digital globalization, full of interconnections, cyber defense diplomacy serves not only as a national protection tool but also as Indonesia's contribution to global cybersecurity stability. This effort prioritizes synergy between technological innovation, law enforcement, and sustainable international cooperation.

The development of information technology has had a significant impact on the healthcare sector, particularly in improving the efficiency and quality of services. Technologies such as Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT) enable the collection and analysis of large volumes of medical data as well as real-time patient monitoring. This study aims to analyze how the integration of Big Data and IoT can enhance the quality of healthcare services, with a focus on their impact on patient care and hospital operational efficiency. The research method used is a literature review, involving the collection and analysis of data from various sources such as scientific journals, articles, and related research reports. The results indicate that hospitals that have implemented these technologies have experienced significant improvements in several aspects, including increased diagnostic accuracy, reduced service delays, and more efficient resource management. Real-time patient monitoring through IoT devices enables faster medical decision-making, while Big Data analytics helps predict disease patterns and medical needs. However, the challenges faced include data security issues, infrastructure limitations, and shifts in healthcare practice paradigms. In conclusion, the integration of Big Data and IoT can improve the quality of healthcare services, but addressing the existing challenges is essential to optimize its implementation in the healthcare sector.