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Environmental cleanliness is a critical factor in the effective management of nature-based tourist destinations, as it strongly shapes tourists’ perceptions of destination quality, comfort, and overall attractiveness, as well as their intention to visit and revisit. This study aims to examine the extent to which environmental cleanliness influences tourists’ visit intention in the Harau Valley tourism area (Lembah Harau), Kanagarian Tarantang, Harau District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The research employed a quantitative survey method by distributing structured questionnaires to 50 tourists during their visit to Lembah Harau. The variables measured include tourists’ perceptions of environmental cleanliness, such as waste management practices, sanitation conditions, and the availability of waste disposal facilities, as well as visit intention indicators, including intention to return and willingness to recommend the destination to others. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining a clean environment to enhance tourists’ positive behavioral intentions. The implications of these findings suggest that destination managers and local government authorities should consistently enforce cleanliness policies, strengthen integrated waste management systems, and provide adequate sanitation facilities to enhance the attractiveness of Lembah Harau and support sustainable tourism development, without neglecting the need for continuous monitoring, evaluation, and improvement in these areas.

Digital transformation has become an essential approach for MSMEs to improve their operational efficiency and market competitiveness. This research investigates the acceptance of electronic payment systems among MSMEs using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to MSME respondents and analyzed using the bootstrapping technique to evaluate the significance of variable relationships. The findings reveal that Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) has a significant impact on both Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Attitude Toward Using (ATU). Moreover, PU and ATU exert positive influences on Behavioral Intention (BI), with R² values of 0.65 for ATU and 0.71 for BI. These results suggest that the perceived ease of use and usefulness of electronic payment systems play a crucial role in shaping MSMEs’ attitudes and intentions toward adopting digital technologies. This study offers insights for formulating effective digital transformation strategies for MSMEs through the implementation of electronic payment systems.

One example of a case of falsified documents in the issuance of overlapping land certificates occurred in East Luwu Regency and was raised in court through Decision Number 90/Pid.B/2020/PN MII. In this case, it was discovered that land certificate falsification was carried out by a land mafia, resulting in the emergence of two certificates for the same plot of land. This practice not only harms the legitimate owner but also creates laws and gives rise to complex agrarian conflicts. This research uses a normative juridical method, with an approach based on laws and court decisions. The results show that the preservation was an intentional act carried out by one party, with the aim of controlling land rights that did not belong to him. In the decision, the perpetrator was found guilty and sentenced because it was also proven to have falsified documents, as stipulated in Article 263 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). From this case, it can be concluded that law enforcement against overlapping duplicate certificates is very important to ensure legal certainty and protection. Protection efforts for land rights holders are carried out through a land registration process that complies with procedures based on Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Principles of Agrarian Law. Compliance with these procedures can provide a strong basis for identifying legitimate rights holders and preventing future damage, including cases of overlapping certificates caused by document falsification. To prevent the recurrence of similar cases, it is necessary to improve the monitoring system and digitize land data comprehensively by the National Land Agency (BPN). An integrated digital-based land system can minimize the opportunity for the issuance of duplicate certificates for a single plot of land, because all land rights data can be accessed and disclosed transparently and in real time.

Criminal liability is a form of imposing punishment on the perpetrator of a crime because of his/her unlawful actions. In other words, criminal liability determines whether a person will be acquitted or convicted of a crime that has been committed. This process involves the transfer of the existing punishment for the crime to the perpetrator. This research is a normative research. The results of the research show that Criminal liability for perpetrators who participate in the crime of murder, anyone who intentionally helps, plans, or plays an active role in murder can be held criminally responsible, either as the main perpetrator or as a participant (medeplichtige or medepleger). The sanctions imposed depend on the role and level of involvement of each perpetrator, in accordance with the principle of criminal responsibility and the element of error in criminal law. This must be reviewed carefully by the judge so that in making a decision on the defendant, it can have a deterrent effect on the perpetrator and not cause unrest for the victim's family regarding the decision handed down by the judge. The judge's decision to impose a light sentence on the perpetrator who participated in a crime that resulted in the death of a person shows an imbalance in law enforcement. This injustice can be caused by the judge's non-objective considerations, weak evidence, or lack of bias towards justice for the victim. This kind of decision risks weakening the deterrent effect and public trust in the justice system.

Counterfeiting of securities is a serious illegal act with the potential for significant legal consequences.  The author provides an in-depth review of the criminal law aspects associated with counterfeiting securities.  The aim of this research was to analyze and understand the legal framework governing counterfeiting of securities, including the criminal considerations and sanctions applied.  This study also explains the concept of counterfeiting securities and how this action violates applicable law.  In addition, this study also discusses the elements that must be present in an act of counterfeiting securities such as intentionality and the intention to make a profit.  Furthermore, this study also analyzes the penalties and sanctions that can be applied to perpetrators of counterfeiting securities.  In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of effective law enforcement in dealing with counterfeit securities.  Perpetrators of counterfeiting securities must be held responsible for the actions that have been taken and be faced with sanctions in accordance with applicable criminal law.

The background of this study shows that there are a large number of beggars on Muaro Lasak beach, Padang City, both from children and the elderly. However, not all of the children who begged on the shores of Muaro Lasak Beach ordered their parents and some of their friends to join them. It is caused by a lack of communication between parents and children. Even indirectly the parents themselves tell their children to beg in order to get income. The type of research that the writer uses is a qualitative approach, with the intention of the researcher to describe by means of in-depth interviews with the object of research. The results of this study indicate that the large number of beggar children in Tapi Pantai Muaro Lasak, Padang City is caused by several factors, both from cultural factors, strength, emotions and context, self-esteem and self-awareness factors. The cultural activity factor that they carry out is no longer taboo but has become a habit that continues to develop and become a culture. This power factor causes the occurrence of children begging by their parents because they are in control at the location on Muaro Lasak Beach and become a strategy for children. The emotional factor is that they beg because of their own will and have been prohibited by their parents, but it does not rule out that they will stop begging on Muaro Lasak beach. the context factor refers to the environment, in this factor the environment is also important because there are children who beg only to follow their friends. The environment has a great influence on people's behavior. One self-esteem factor seeks attention from others because a lack of attention from parents can cause a child to seek attention from other people. The self-awareness factor of a beggar child who helps his parents' economy and the results they get will be given to his parents or grandmother. There are even barriers to interpersonal communication between parents and children that cause ineffective communication, namely process barriers, physical barriers, and emotional barriers.