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This article examines the complex interactions between the military and civil society in regions affected by conflict, approached from a sociological-legal perspective. The study seeks to understand how military power influences civil society, the ways in which legal and social legitimacy are established, and how local communities respond to military presence and control. Employing a qualitative case-study methodology, the research utilized in-depth interviews with community members and military personnel, extensive field observations, and detailed analysis of relevant legal documents. The findings reveal that military power structures significantly impact civil rights, security, and social dynamics, with interactions ranging from cooperative engagement to open conflict. Furthermore, the legitimacy of military actions is closely linked to factors such as operational performance, transparency, accountability, and social acceptance by local populations. Based on these insights, the article argues for the importance of improving communication channels between military forces and communities, integrating formal legal frameworks with local norms and practices, and actively involving community members in security and governance programs. These measures are proposed as strategies to enhance the legitimacy of military operations, reduce conflict, and promote long-term social stability. The study contributes to the broader understanding of civil-military relations by highlighting the sociological and legal dimensions of military influence in conflict-affected areas.

The rapid advancement of social media platforms has reshaped how people form and express their identities within digital environments, especially among university students. This research seeks to examine the extent to which personal use of social media influences the development of personal branding among students in the Digital Communication and Media Program at IPB University Vocational School. A quantitative research method with a survey approach was applied, involving 71 participants selected through random sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire employing a four-point Likert scale, and the data were analyzed through various statistical tests including validity and reliability assessments, classical assumption tests, Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, and determination coefficient using SPSS software. The results demonstrate that personal engagement with social media has a significant and positive relationship with students’ personal branding. Students who post consistently, produce high-quality content, and engage positively with audiences tend to project a stronger professional persona. Overall, the findings indicate that social media serves not only as a means of communication but also as an essential medium for developing one’s reputation and professional credibility in the digital age.  

This research analyzes the Indonesian government’s policy responses to combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in the Arafura Sea during 2023-2024, focusing on the case of the Run Zeng 03 and Run Zeng 05 vessels. These foreign-flagged vessels, owned by a Chinese company but registered under the Russian flag, were involved in illegal fishing and human rights violations against Indonesian fishery crew members. Using a qualitative descriptive approach supported by literature studies and official government data, this research analyzes how Indonesia implemented its maritime sovereignty through legal enforcement, inter-agency coordination, and international maritime diplomacy. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s measures, such as vessel monitoring AIS/VMS technology, law enforcement through arrests and seizures, and diplomatic engagement with flag states reflect a progressive but still reactive approach. The study identifies key challenges, including limited foreign authorities. This research highlights the need for an integrated policy framework that combines hard power (law enforcement and patrols) with soft power (international cooperation, economic diplomacy, and labor protection). The study concludes that a comprehensive and collaborative approach is essential to strengthen maritime governance and ensure sustainable, equitable management of Indonesia’s marine resources.

This study investigates the phenomenon of quasi-social movements that emerged during the August 25, 2025 protests in Indonesia. Quasi-social movements are defined as forms of public mobilization that appear to arise spontaneously, lack formal organizational structures, and are often leveraged for particular political agendas. Using a qualitative method supported by literature review, this research examines social movement theories, the functions of social media, and the socio-political dynamics that shaped the protests. The findings indicate that the protests were not purely the result of spontaneous civic engagement, but were instead driven by top-down mobilization orchestrated by elite actors through digital narratives, disinformation, and the broader influence of communication technology. This phenomenon signals a shift in the relationship between citizens and the state, including evolving patterns of political participation that do not always follow organized forms. The protests further illustrate how mass mobilization in the digital era can be generated through narrative construction and manipulation of public perception. In conclusion, quasi-social movements represent a new pattern of technology-mediated political expression, highlighting the need for more critical perspectives on modern forms of social mobilization.

This research aims to explore how Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is applied to enhance the sales performance of local rice products in the midst of competition with well-established national brands. Intensified competition arises due to the increasing presence of rice products from other regions as well as premium national brands that offer added value. These market dynamics underscore the importance of strategic marketing communication, especially in designing messages, selecting appropriate media channels, and applying the right consumer engagement approach to strengthen brand awareness and loyalty.A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing a case study approach on a local rice producer in Tabanan Regency. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation related to promotional and sales activities, which were then analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion-drawing stages.The results demonstrate that the coordinated use of IMC elements such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, digital marketing, and word-of-mouth has contributed significantly to improving brand perception and market competitiveness. Ultimately, this study suggests that adopting a consistent and well-structured IMC strategy is essential for local rice producers to sustain their presence and achieve growth amidst the dominance of national rice brands.

This study explores the implementation of interpersonal communication between tutors and students in speaking class activities at the Kind English Course by applying DeVito’s Interpersonal Communication Theory. Interpersonal communication plays a vital role in English language learning, especially in speaking classes where real-time interaction directly shapes students’ engagement and learning outcomes. Using a qualitative literature review method, this research examines how the five key components of interpersonal communication—openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness, and equality—are applied within instructional practices. The analysis reveals that tutors who demonstrate openness and empathy foster stronger emotional connections with students, which encourages them to speak more confidently. Supportive and positive communication behaviors further create a safe and motivating learning environment where students feel valued and understood. Additionally, the principle of equality helps reduce hierarchical barriers, enabling more collaborative and interactive learning dynamics. Overall, the findings indicate that the consistent application of interpersonal communication principles significantly enhances students’ participation, confidence, and speaking proficiency. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how communication quality influences language learning and underscores the importance of interpersonal competence among tutors in developing effective and engaging speaking class experiences.

This study aims to examine the application of heart-centered communication based on Nonviolent Communication (NVC) Theory in interactions between employees and guests at the Masainn Hotel, Kuta, Bali. NVC, developed by Marshall Rosenberg, stresses empathetic engagement built on four core components: observation, feelings, needs, and requests. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with guests and direct field observations of daily service interactions. The findings indicate that employees consistently apply empathy-driven communication by offering warm greetings, attentive service, and genuine emotional presence. These behaviors help create a family-like environment that makes guests feel comfortable and emotionally connected to the hotel. Notably, one guest reported returning to the hotel for three consecutive years, having been introduced by a friend who has been a loyal customer for nine years. This demonstrates that NVC-based communication contributes significantly to guest satisfaction, trust, and long-term loyalty. Furthermore, the study highlights the strategic role of emotional intelligence and compassionate communication in shaping service quality within the hospitality industry. By integrating NVC principles into daily service practices, hotels can foster stronger interpersonal relationships, enhance guest experiences, and build sustainable customer retention.

The development of digital technology has fundamentally changed political communication patterns, especially among Generation Z who grew up in a social media ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the influence of political campaigns through Instagram on changes in political attitudes of students at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at Bina Bangsa University. This study uses an explanatory quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through a survey using a closed questionnaire, which was distributed to 100 respondents. Data were analyzed using a simple linear regression test with the help of SPSS software version 25. The results of the study indicate that political campaigns on Instagram have a significant influence on changes in students' political attitudes. The dimensions of attitudes influenced include attention to issues, understanding of political messages, and acceptance of certain ideas or figures. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that credible, relevant, and communicative digital campaigns have great potential in shaping the political orientation of Generation Z. Therefore, adaptive communication strategies are needed as well as strengthening political and digital literacy among students to encourage more critical and responsible political engagement.

Symbolic interactionism is an approach that examines how symbols and meanings are created through interactions between individuals within a learning context. This approach explores how individuals use symbols to communicate, interact, and understand the world around them. In the context of the learning process, symbolic interactionist analysis can provide a deep understanding of how learning occurs through interactions between teachers and students, as well as among students themselves. Through this analysis, we can observe how symbols such as language, gestures, and expressions are used to communicate ideas and concepts being taught in the classroom. Additionally, symbolic interactionist analysis can also help us understand how individuals construct their identities within the learning environment. In the modern era of education, the interaction between teachers and students has become one of the crucial aspects of the learning process. Through social interaction and the use of symbols, individuals can shape their perceptions of themselves and how they are viewed by others. This can affect their motivation and engagement in learning. Thus, symbolic interactionist analysis offers valuable insights into understanding the learning process and how interactions between individuals play a key role in the construction of meaning and understanding. Through this understanding, we can improve the quality of learning and provide more meaningful learning experiences for students. Communication does not only occur through words but also through nonverbal communication, including facial expressions, body movements, and other gestures. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how symbolic interactionism plays a role in learning and how nonverbal communication influences the dynamics of classroom interaction.

Social media has evolved into more than just a means of communication; It now plays an important role in shaping the image of the institution, providing recognition, and increasing employee motivation and involvement, especially in public service institutions. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Instagram @dinkopukmperindagkotaserang accounts on employee self-actualization at UPT Pasar Kota Serang. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with survey techniques. The population and sample in this study amounted to 40 employees, which were taken using the total sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software version 26, including validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistics, and simple linear regression. The results of the study show that the use of Instagram accounts has a significant influence on employee self-actualization. The determination coefficient value of 0.471 shows that 47.1% of the self-actualization variable is influenced by the use of Instagram accounts. These findings indicate that the better the content management and the higher the employee's involvement with the account, the higher the level of self-actualization achieved in carrying out their role as public servants. This study recommends optimizing institutional social media strategies as part of efforts to improve the quality of human resources and the effectiveness of public services.

Free trade provides significant opportunities for developing countries to increase exports, expand market access, and drive economic growth. Through engagement in global markets, products and services can reach a wider range of consumers, creating the potential for increased national income. However, global economic integration also presents serious challenges, particularly in terms of the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). As national boundaries in economic activity become increasingly blurred, intellectual property—including patents, trademarks, industrial designs, copyrights, and trade secrets—becomes increasingly vulnerable to infringement. Common forms of infringement include piracy, counterfeiting of branded products, and theft of technology or innovation. These practices not only harm creators or rights owners but can also hinder the development of innovation, reduce industrial competitiveness, and undermine consumer confidence. Adequate IPR protection requires a combination of strong national regulations and an effective international legal framework. Instruments such as the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement under the WTO provide global standards to which compliance must be adhered, but implementation at the national level is crucial for their success. Weak or inconsistent law enforcement can open the door to violations that harm both domestic and foreign businesses. Beyond legal aspects, effective IPR protection also impacts the investment climate. Investors tend to invest in countries that can guarantee the security of their intellectual assets. Therefore, IPR protection is not only a legal issue but also a long-term economic development strategy. Therefore, in the era of free trade, developing countries need to balance market openness with strengthening IPR protection systems to create a conducive environment for innovation, sustainable economic growth, and public welfare.

This study aims to examine the strategic role of the Cieurih Community Health Center in increasing public awareness of healthy lifestyles, particularly in the Cipaku Sub-district. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, and documentation of program activities. The collected data were analyzed using three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with verification to ensure validity. The analysis focuses on three main dimensions of the Health Center’s role: (1) Interpersonal Role, which involves direct interaction with the community to build trust, encourage participation, and foster behavioral change; (2) Informational Role, which encompasses the dissemination of accurate health information, educational campaigns, and correction of misinformation; and (3) Decisional Role, which relates to planning, implementing, and evaluating health programs in response to local needs.The findings reveal that the Cieurih Community Health Center has made significant contributions to raising awareness and promoting healthy living practices through these roles. Initiatives such as health counseling, mobile clinic services, and collaborative activities with community leaders have shown positive influence. However, the study also identifies persistent challenges, including low levels of community participation, insufficient financial and human resources, and the strong influence of traditional cultural practices and misinformation that hinder optimal outcomes. To address these obstacles, adaptive strategies are necessary. Recommendations include the development of personalized approaches tailored to the socio-cultural context, the use of innovative communication methods such as social media and visual storytelling, and the strengthening of cross-sectoral collaboration with educational institutions, religious leaders, and local government agencies. These measures are expected to enhance community engagement, improve the accuracy and reach of health information, and sustain the long-term impact of health promotion programs.

This study aims to improve the quality of learning at SD Negeri 060915, Medan Sunggal District, through the implementation of a participatory learning approach using Participatory Action Research (PAR). The background of the study is based on the low level of student engagement in classroom activities and the teacher’s reliance on traditional lecture methods, which hinder active student participation. This classroom action research was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and formative assessments. The results showed that the participatory learning approach had a positive impact on increasing student engagement, collaboration in group work, and academic performance, as indicated by an increase in the average student score from 66.4 in the first cycle to 77.2 in the second cycle. Teachers also improved their role as facilitators, and the classroom environment became more interactive and student-centered. The study concludes that the participatory approach is effective in creating an active, collaborative, and meaningful learning environment in elementary education.

Indonesia's Sharia capital market has experienced significant growth in the past decade, along with rising public awareness of Islamic economic principles and the adoption of digital technologies. This study aims to analyze the role of digital transformation in supporting the development of the Sharia capital market and to identify structural challenges, particularly in regulatory, financial literacy, and cybersecurity aspects. The methodology used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach, drawing on secondary data from reputable journals and official publications from OJK and the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results indicate that while technological transformation has opened significant opportunities such as increased financial inclusion and youth investor engagement, the Sharia capital market still faces serious challenges related to unadaptive regulations, cyber threats and low investor literacy. This study recommends synergy between regulators, industry players and educational institutions to strengthen a sustainable Sharia capital market ecosystem.    

The main problem discussed in this research is how digital communication strategies through social media, especially Instagram, can be effectively utilized to build the brand image of halal cosmetic products amidst increasingly fierce competition in the beauty industry. Wardah was chosen as the object of study because of its success in positioning itself as a pioneer of halal cosmetics in Indonesia, with an approach that emphasizes Islamic values. This study aims to examine the role of digital communication strategies in shaping the halal brand image of Wardah cosmetic products through the Instagram platform. As one of the local brands that carries Islamic values, Wardah utilizes social media as the main means to reach consumers, especially the modern Muslimah segment. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with content analysis method, which focuses on visual narratives, captions, audience engagement, and collaboration with influencers. The results showed that Wardah consistently displays content that represents the values of halalness, simplicity, and modern and professional Islamic beauty. Through an integrated communication strategy, Instagram is not only a promotional medium, but also a means of forming a strong brand image that is relevant to the identity of the target audience. The findings underscore the importance of visual and narrative communication in strengthening the positioning of halal products in the Indonesian cosmetics market.

The execution of a loan agreement is a form of binding engagement between the lender and the borrower. This agreement must fulfill the validity requirements as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. In practice, there are still cooperatives that operate without legal entity status but continue to provide lending services, such as Pringkop Cooperative in Nobo Village, Ile Boleng District, East Flores Regency. This study aims to examine the implementation of loan agreements facilitated by Pringkop Cooperative, which operates without legal entity status, as well as the factors influencing the community's decision to engage in such agreements. This research employs empirical approach, utilizing primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis method applied is qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings of this study indicate that: (1) The execution of loan agreements in Pringkop Cooperative is conducted in a simple manner, without notarized deeds or legally valid written agreements, posing risks to both parties in terms of dispute resolution. Nevertheless, the cooperative continues to operate based on a trust system and an orally agreed-upon repayment mechanism. (2) The factors influencing the community to engage in loan agreements with Pringkop Cooperative include ease of access, trust in the cooperative, and the economic conditions of the community, which require quick loans without complex procedures. Additionally, social and cultural factors contribute to the sustainability of this practice, as family relationships and local customs play a significant role in loan transactions.

Indonesia is a diverse nation with a wide range of religions, ethnicities, cultures, languages, and traditions spread across its vast territory from Sabang to Merauke. This diversity, on the one hand, serves as a strength of the nation, yet on the other hand, it also carries the potential for conflict if not managed properly through the practice of tolerance. Students, as agents of change, hold a strategic role in maintaining harmony and peace, both within campus environments and in society at large. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tolerance values among university students in order to achieve peace in a plural society. The research employs a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing relevant literature on tolerance, students, and social peace. The findings reveal that students’ tolerance can be manifested in academic settings, organizational activities, social interactions, and religious practices. However, its implementation faces challenges such as intolerance, radicalism, identity politics, and the misuse of social media. Strengthening tolerance values can be carried out through multicultural education, character building, and student engagement in cross-cultural and interfaith organizations. Thus, students are not only academic individuals but also moral, social, and intellectual role models who can serve as key drivers in fostering peace and harmony within Indonesia’s diverse society.

Attitude is the basis of a person's judgment and behavior, the character of the nation that must be upheld, one of which is mutual respect, not only for elders but fellow human beings regardless of genes, age and position. Mutual respect must be built from an early age, before building a generation of accomplished nations, mutual respect must be applied first. the development of the times and technology is none other than the biggest influence in influencing and hindering the building of the national character as expected, this is very much felt when starting kampus mengajar program’s. therefore the purpose of writing this journal is to build an attitude of mutual respect as well as the dangers of bullying among UPT SMPN 10 Medan, Padang Bulan students, with a period of 3 months. With the help of the staged casework method by Zastrow. The stages in the groupwork method include (1) Engagement, Intake, Contract, (2) Assessment, (3) Planning, (4) Intervention, (5) Monitoring, (6) Evaluation, and (7) Termination. This method shows a positive development in the attitude of students at UPT SMPN 10 Medan.

HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease which is a sensitive health issue to be discussed. HIV/AIDS can also cause loss of the immune system in humans. Pekanbaru City is the area with the most cases of HIV/AIDS in Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to find out collaborative governance in preventing HIV/AIDS in Pekanbaru City and to identify the inhibiting factors in preventing HIV/AIDS in Pekanbaru City. This study uses Purwanti's theory in Aziz Arrasyid (2021) which uses 3 indicators, namely: principled engagement, shared motivation and capacity for joint action. This study uses qualitative research with a case study approach. The informants of this study, namely the Pekanbaru City AIDS Commission (KPA), the Pekanbaru City Health Office and other related institutions conducted interviews, observations and documentation so that the required data were obtained such as primary data and secondary data and then analyzed so that conclusions could be drawn from the existing problems. The results of this study can be said to be not optimal, because there are still inhibiting factors in its implementation, namely the low participation of the community, especially the suspect community who are reluctant to admit to avoid discrimination from the surrounding community and the limited infrastructure provided.